JP6611706B2 - 難燃性熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー組成物 - Google Patents
難燃性熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6611706B2 JP6611706B2 JP2016514753A JP2016514753A JP6611706B2 JP 6611706 B2 JP6611706 B2 JP 6611706B2 JP 2016514753 A JP2016514753 A JP 2016514753A JP 2016514753 A JP2016514753 A JP 2016514753A JP 6611706 B2 JP6611706 B2 JP 6611706B2
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- Prior art keywords
- thermoplastic polyurethane
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- acid
- polyurethane elastomer
- mass
- Prior art date
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 40
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019352 zinc silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/5205—Salts of P-acids with N-bases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2296—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K2003/321—Phosphates
- C08K2003/322—Ammonium phosphate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K2003/321—Phosphates
- C08K2003/322—Ammonium phosphate
- C08K2003/323—Ammonium polyphosphate
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Description
また本発明の第2の目的は、燃焼時にハロゲン由来の有害なガスを発生せず、優れた難燃性と、樹脂本来の優れた物性を有した成形体を提供することにある。
すなわち本発明は、熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマーに対して、
下記(A)成分、(B)成分及び(C)成分を配合してなることを特徴とする難燃性熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー組成物を提供するものである。
(A)成分:下記一般式(1)で表される(ポリ)リン酸塩化合物
(B)成分:下記一般式(3)で表される(ポリ)リン酸塩化合物
(C)成分:二酸化ケイ素
また、ポリカプロラクトンポリオール(PCL)とポリヘキサメチレンカーボネート(PHL)との共重合体であっても良い。
これらの熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー(TPU)は、単独で用いても、組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明の(A)成分として用いられる上記一般式(1)で表される(ポリ)リン酸塩化合物は、(ポリ)リン酸とアンモニア又は上記一般式(2)で表されるトリアジン誘導体との塩である。
上記一般式(2)におけるZ1及びZ2で表される炭素原子数1〜10の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基としては、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、第二ブチル、第三ブチル、イソブチル、アミル、イソアミル、第三アミル、ヘキシル、シクロヘキシル、ヘプチル、イソヘプチル、第三ヘプチル、n−オクチル、イソオクチル、第三オクチル、2−エチルヘキシル、ノニル、デシル等が挙げられ、炭素原子数1〜10の直鎖又は分岐のアルコキシ基としては、これらアルキル基から誘導される基が挙げられる。Z1及びZ2がとりうる−NR5R6基におけるR5及びR6で表される炭素原子数1〜6の直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基としては、例えば、上記に挙げたアルキル基のうちの炭素原子数1〜6のものが挙げられる。
好ましく使用される(ポリ)リン酸とメラミンとの塩としては、例えば、オルトリン酸メラミン、ピロリン酸メラミン、ポリリン酸メラミン等が挙げられ、これらの中でも、上記一般式(1)におけるnが2、pが2、X1がメラミンであるピロリン酸メラミンが特に好ましい。リン酸とメラミンとの塩は次の方法によって得ることができる。例えばピロリン酸メラミンの場合は、ピロリン酸ナトリウムとメラミンとを任意の反応比率で塩酸を加えて反応させ、水酸化ナトリウムで中和してピロリン酸メラミンを得ることができる。
上記のポリリン酸アンモニウムを主成分とする化合物としては、ポリリン酸アンモニウムを熱硬化性樹脂で被覆若しくはマイクロカプセル化したものや、メラミンモノマーや他の含窒素有機化合物等でポリリン酸アンモニウム表面を被覆したもの、界面活性剤やシリコン処理を行ったもの、ポリリン酸アンモニウムを製造する過程でメラミン等を添加し難溶化したもの等が挙げられる。
(A)成分は2種以上の混合物でもよい。
本発明の(B)成分として用いられる上記一般式(3)で表される(ポリ)リン酸塩化合物は、(ポリ)リン酸とY1で表されるジアミン(〔R1R2N(CH2)mNR3R4〕で表されるジアミン、ピペラジン又はピペラジン環を含むジアミン)との塩である。R1〜R4で表される炭素原子数1〜5の直鎖若しくは分岐のアルキル基としては、例えば、前記でZ1及びZ2で表されるアルキル基の具体例として挙げたもののうちの炭素原子数1〜5のものが挙げられる。
上記一般式(3)におけるY1で表されるジアミンとしては、具体的には、N,N,N',N'−テトラメチルジアミノメタン、エチレンジアミン、N,N'−ジメチルエチレンジアミン、N,N'−ジエチルエチレンジアミン、N,N−ジメチルエチレンジアミン、N,N−ジエチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N',N'−テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、N,N,N',N'−ジエチルエチレンジアミン、テトラメチレンジアミン、1,2−プロパンジアミン、1,3−プロパンジアミン、テトラメチレンジアミン、ペンタメチレンジアミン、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、1、7−ジアミノへプタン、1,8−ジアミノオクタン、1,9ージアミノノナン、1,10−ジアミノデカン、ピペラジン、trans−2,5−ジメチルピペラジン、1,4−ビス(2−アミノエチル)ピペラジン、1,4−ビス(3−アミノプロピル)ピペラジン等が挙げられ、全て市販品を用いることができる。
(B)成分は2種以上の混合物でもよい。
本発明の(C)成分は、二酸化ケイ素であり、これを配合することによりドリップを防止する効果を発揮する。
二酸化ケイ素の形態は粉末状、顆粒状、グラニュール状いずれでもよく、その種類は特に限定されないが、天然シリカ、合成シリカいずれでもよく、結晶質シリカ、非晶質シリカいずれでもよく、乾式シリカ、フュームドシリカ、フューズドシリカ、溶融シリカ、湿式シリカ、いずれでもよい。また内部に細孔を持つもの(いわゆる孔質ないし多孔質)であっても、細孔を持たないもの(いわゆる無孔質)であってもよい。
また二酸化ケイ素の表面はシランカップリング剤や表面処理剤等で表面処理されていてもよい。
二酸化ケイ素の、市販品としては日本アエロジル(株)製「AEROSIL」、トクヤマ(株)製「レオシール」、「トクシール」、塩野義製薬(株)製「カープレックス」、富士シリシア(株)製「サイリシア」、水澤化学工業(株)製「ミズカシル」等が挙げられる。
(D)成分の酸化亜鉛の配合量は、熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー組成物100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.1〜10質量部、より好ましくは0.5〜5.0質量部、さらにより好ましくは1.0〜3.0質量部である。
前記ペンタエリスリトール及びその縮合物としては、下記一般式(4)で示される化合物が挙げられる。
これら滑剤の配合量は、熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー100質量部に対して0.01〜5質量部が好ましく、0.3〜2質量部がより好ましい。
上記、無機リン系難燃剤としては、赤リンが挙げられる。
上記、ジアルキルホスフィン酸塩としては、ジエチルホスフィン酸アルミニウム、ジエチルホスフィン酸亜鉛等が挙げられる。
これらリン系酸化防止剤の配合量は、熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー100質量部に対して、0.001〜10質量部が好ましく、0.05〜5質量部がより好ましい。
これらチオエーテル系酸化防止剤の配合量は、熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー100質量部に対して、0.001〜10質量部が好ましく、0.05〜5質量部がより好ましい。
これら紫外線吸収剤の配合量は、熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー100質量部に対して、0.001〜30質量部が好ましく、0.05〜10質量部がより好ましい。
これらヒンダードアミン系光安定剤の配合量は、熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー100質量部に対して、0.001〜30質量部が好ましく、0.05〜10質量部がより好ましい。
多価カルボン酸エステル系可塑剤の具体例としては、フタル酸ジメチル、フタル酸ジエチル、フタル酸ジブチル、フタル酸ジオクチル、フタル酸ジヘプチル、フタル酸ジベンジル、フタル酸ブチルベンジル等のフタル酸エステル、トリメリット酸トリブチル、トリメリット酸トリオクチル、トリメリット酸トリヘキシル等のトリメリット酸エステル、アジピン酸ジイソデシル、アジピン酸n−オクチル−n−デシル、アジピン酸メチルジグリコールブチルジグリコール、アジピン酸ベンジルメチルジグリコール、アジピン酸ベンジルブチルジグリコール等のアジピン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸トリエチル、アセチルクエン酸トリブチル等のクエン酸エステル、アゼライン酸ジ−2−エチルヘキシル等のアゼライン酸エステル、セバシン酸ジブチル、及びセバシン酸ジ−2−エチルヘキシル等のセバシン酸エステル等を挙げることができる。
本発明において可塑剤を使用する場合は、1種のみを使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
合成樹脂は、分子量、重合度、密度、軟化点、溶媒への不溶分の割合、立体規則性の程度、触媒残渣の有無、原料となるモノマーの種類や配合比率、重合触媒の種類(例えば、チーグラー触媒、メタロセン触媒等)等に関わらず、使用することができる。
これら合成樹脂の中でも、高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE)、低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)、線状低密度ポリエチレン(LLDPE)などのエチレン重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン−エチルアクリレート共重合体、エチレン−メチルアクリレート共重合体、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−メタクリル酸共重合体等のエチレン系共重合体が好ましい。
ワンパック化する場合には、各成分を予め各々粉砕してから混合してもよく、又は予め各成分を混合してから粉砕してもよい。熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー以外の樹脂や他の任意成分を配合する場合も同様である。
熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー(大日精化工業(株)製:レザミンP−2283)100質量部に、ステアリン酸カルシウム(滑剤)0.1質量部、テトラキス〔3−(3,5−ジ第三ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオン酸メチル〕メタン(フェノール系酸化防止剤)0.1質量部、及びトリス(2,4−ジ−第三ブチルフェニル)ホスファイト(リン系酸化防止剤)0.1質量部とグリセリンモノステアレート0.3質量部(滑剤)、下記表1記載の成分を配合し、次いで200℃で押し出してペレットを製造した。得られたペレットを190℃で射出成型し、長さ127mm、幅12.7mm、厚さ1.6mmの試験片を得た。また実施例1及び比較例1においては、長さ100mm、幅100mm、厚さ2mmの試験片も得た。
〔製造例1〕
(A)成分:ピロリン酸メラミン
ピロリン酸とメラミンを1:2のモル比で反応させて製造した。
(B)成分:ピロリン酸ピペラジン
ピロリン酸とピペラジンを1:1のモル比で反応させて製造した。
長さ127mm、幅12.7mm、厚さ1.6mmの試験片を垂直に保ち、下端にバーナーの火を10秒間接炎させた後で炎を取り除き、試験片に着火した火が消える時間を測定した。次に、火が消えると同時に2回目の接炎を10秒間行ない、1回目と同様にして着火した火が消える時間を測定した。また、落下する火種により試験片の下の綿が着火するか否かについても同時に評価した。
1回目と2回目の燃焼時間、綿着火の有無等からUL−94V規格にしたがって燃焼ランクをつけた。燃焼ランクはV−0が最高のものであり、V−1、V−2となるにしたがって難燃性は低下する。但し、V−0〜V−2のランクの何れにも該当しないものはNRとする。
測定後の試験片について、表面膨張層の形成状態の写真を撮影し、また表面膨張層の厚さの最大値を測定した。実施例1の試験片の写真を図1に、比較例1の試験片の写真を図2に示す。また厚さの最大値の結果を表1に示す。
また表1及び図1に示すように、実施例1では、充分な表面膨張層が形成され、分解生成物の拡散や伝熱を抑制できることがわかる。これに対し、比較例1では、表1及び図2に示すように、表面膨張層の形成が不充分であり、分解生成物の拡散や伝熱の抑制に劣ることがわかる。
Claims (3)
- 熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマーに対して、
下記(A)成分、(B)成分、(C)成分及び(D)成分を含有し、
(A)成分、及び(B)成分の合計量が、熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー100質量部に対して15〜65質量部であり、
(C)成分の量が熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー100質量部に対して0.1〜10.0質量部であり、
(D)成分の量が熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー組成物100質量部に対して0.1〜10質量部であることを特徴とする難燃性熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー組成物。
(A)成分:下記式(1)で表されるピロリン酸メラミン
(B)成分:下記一般式(3)で表されるポリリン酸ピペラジン
(C)成分:二酸化ケイ素
(D)成分:酸化亜鉛
- 滑剤及び酸化防止剤を含有する請求項1に記載の熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー組成物。
- 二酸化ケイ素の平均一次粒子径が0.005〜30μmである請求項1又は2に記載の熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー組成物。
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