JP6103562B2 - 二次電池用正極活物質及びこの製造方法 - Google Patents
二次電池用正極活物質及びこの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6103562B2 JP6103562B2 JP2015539537A JP2015539537A JP6103562B2 JP 6103562 B2 JP6103562 B2 JP 6103562B2 JP 2015539537 A JP2015539537 A JP 2015539537A JP 2015539537 A JP2015539537 A JP 2015539537A JP 6103562 B2 JP6103562 B2 JP 6103562B2
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- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- metal
- glycolate
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BLBBMBKUUHYSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound OC=1OC(O)=C(O)C=1O BLBBMBKUUHYSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nitrate Chemical compound CO[N+]([O-])=O LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012985 polymerization agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. LiMnO2, Li[MxMn1-x]O2
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- C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. LiMn2O4, Li[MxMn2-x]O4
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- C01G51/50—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(CoxMn1-x)O2, Li(MyCoxMn1-x-y)O2
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- C01G51/52—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type [Mn2O4]2-, e.g. Li2(CoxMn2-x)O4, Li2(MyCoxMn2-x-y)O4
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- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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Description
金属グリコレート溶液を製造する1段階;
リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物粒子と前記金属グリコレート溶液を混合してペースト状態に撹拌する2段階;
前記ペースト状態の混合物を乾燥する3段階;及び
前記乾燥された混合物を熱処理する4段階を含む金属酸化物層がコーティングされた正極活物質の製造方法を提供する。
金属グリコレート溶液を製造する1段階;
リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物粒子と前記金属グリコレート溶液を混合してペースト状態に撹拌する2段階;
前記ペースト状態の混合物を乾燥する3段階;及び
前記乾燥された混合物を熱処理する4段階を含む金属酸化物層がコーティングされた正極活物質の製造方法を提供する。
前記添加剤は、前記金属前駆体の全体1重量部に対して0.1から20重量部で含むことができる。もし、前記添加剤の含量が20重量部を超過する場合、副反応が誘発され、副産物が多量生成される可能性がある。
M(C2H5O2)n (1)
[化2]
M(C6H(8−n)O7) (2)
[化3]
M(C6H(8−n)O7)(C2H5O2) (3)
(前記式で、
Mは金属前駆体から脱離された金属であって、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Y、Ti、Zr、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Mn、Fe、Co、Ir、Ni、Zn、Al、Ga、In、Si、Ge、Sn、La及びCeからなる群より選択された少なくとも一つの金属であり、nは1から4の整数である。)
200gのエチレングリコール(C2H6O2)溶液内で40gのジルコニウムナイトライド(ZrN)と10gのクエン酸(C6H8O7)を分散した後、撹拌して混合溶液を製造した。前記混合溶液を撹拌しながら150℃の温度で5時間の間加熱した後、180℃温度で1時間の間加熱濃縮してジルコニウムグリコレート溶液を製造した。
200gのエチレングリコール(C2H6O2)溶液内で30gのチタニウムイソプロポキシド(Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4)と10gのクエン酸(C6H8O7)を分散した後、撹拌して混合溶液を製造した。前記混合溶液を撹拌しながら150℃温度で5時間の間加熱した後、180℃温度で1時間の間加熱濃縮してチタニウムグリコレート溶液を製造した。
200gのエチレングリコール(C2H6O2)溶液内で20gのアルミニウムアセテート(Al(C2H3O2)3)と20gのクエン酸(C6H8O7)を分散した後、撹拌して混合溶液を製造した。前記混合溶液を撹拌しながら150℃温度で5時間の間加熱した後、180℃温度で1時間の間加熱濃縮してアルミニウムグリコレート溶液を製造した。
エタノール8gに前記製造例1のジルコニウムグリコレート溶液2gを添加して撹拌しながら、LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2を添加してペースト状態に撹拌した。撹拌されたペーストを180℃から2時間乾燥した後、800℃の空気中で1時間熱処理し、約0.2重量%のジルコニウムオキシドでコーティングされた正極活物質粒子を製造した。
エタノール8gに前記製造例2のチタニウムグリコレート溶液2gを添加して撹拌しながら、LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2を添加してペースト状態に撹拌した。撹拌されたペーストを180℃で2時間乾燥した後、800℃の空気中で1時間熱処理し、約0.2重量%のチタニウムオキシドでコーティングされた正極活物質粒子を製造した。
エタノール8gに前記製造例3のアルミニウムグリコレート1gを添加して撹拌しながら、LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2を添加してペースト状態に撹拌した。撹拌されたペーストを180℃から2時間乾燥した後、800℃の空気中で1時間熱処理し、約0.2重量%のアルミニウムオキシドがコーティングされた正極活物質粒子を製造した。
前記実施例3の正極活物質粒子90重量%と、導電材であるカーボンブラック6重量%及びバインダPVDF 4重量%をNMPに添加してスラリーを作製し、これを正極集電体であるアルミニウム(Al)ホイル上にコーティングして圧延及び乾燥してリチウム二次電池用正極を製造した。
正極活物質として、LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 90重量%を導電材であるカーボンブラック6重量%、バインダであるPVDF 4重量%とともにNMPに添加してスラリーを作製した。これを正極集電体であるアルミニウム(Al)ホイル上にコーティングし圧延及び乾燥して、金属コーティング層が形成されないリチウム二次電池用正極を製造した。
前記実施例4の二次電池と比較例1の二次電池のサイクル寿命特性を測定した。図1を参照すれば、前記実施例3の正極を含む実施例4の二次電池の場合、比較例1の二次電池に比べてサイクル寿命が向上したことが確認できた。
Claims (12)
- リチウムを含まない金属グリコレート溶液を製造する1段階;
リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物粒子と前記金属グリコレート溶液を混合してペースト状態に撹拌する2段階;
前記ペースト状態の混合物を乾燥する3段階;及び
前記乾燥された混合物を熱処理する4段階を含み、
前記金属グリコレート溶液を製造する1段階は、
グリコール系溶媒内に金属前駆体及びキレート剤を分散させて混合溶液を製造する段階;
前記混合溶液を1次加熱する段階;及び
前記混合溶液を2次加熱する段階;を含み、
前記金属前駆体は、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Y、Ti、Zr、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Mn、Fe、Co、Ir、Ni、Zn、Al、Ga、In、Si、Ge、Sn、La及びCeからなる群より選択された金属を少なくとも一つ以上含有するアセテート、ヒドロキシド、ナイトレート、ナイトライド、サルフェート、スルフィド、アルコキシド及びハライドからなる群より選択された単一物または2種以上の混合物を含むことを特徴とする正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記グリコール系溶媒は、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール及びポリエチレングリコールからなる群より選択された単一物または2種以上の混合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記キレート剤はクエン酸、EDTA(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)、シュウ酸及びグルコン酸からなる群より選択された単一物または2種以上の混合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記金属前駆体:グリコール系溶媒:キレート剤の含量比(重量部)は1:1から500:0.1から20であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記1次加熱段階は、150から300℃の温度条件下で1から48時間の間行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記2次加熱段階は、150から300℃の温度で1から5時間の間行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記1次及び2次加熱段階は、非活性ガス雰囲気下で行われることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記金属グリコレート溶液は、アルミニウムグリコレート、ジルコニウムグリコレート、チタニウムグリコレート、カルシウムグリコレート及びマンガングリコレートからなる群より選択された単一物または2種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物は、LiMO2(M=Co、Mn、Ni、Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3、CrまたはV)、LiMO4(M=CoMn、NiV、CoV、CoP、FeP、MnP、NiP、またはMn2)、Li(NiaCobMnc)O2(0<a<1、0<b<1、0<c<1、a+b+c=1)、LiNi1−yCoyO2、LiCo1−yMnyO2、LiNi1−yMnyO2(0≦y≦1)、Li(NiaMnbCoc)O4(0<a<2、0<b<2、0<c<2、a+b+c=2)、LiMn2−zNizO4、LiMn2−zCozO4(0<z<2)、及びLiV3O6からなる群より選択されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物は、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMnO2、LiCuO2、LiMn2O4、LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2、LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2、LiCoPO4またはLiFePO4であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記乾燥段階は、100から200℃で1から4時間の間行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理段階は、200から1200℃で1から3時間の間行われることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の正極活物質の製造方法。
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CN102969497A (zh) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-13 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | 一种LiMn2O4材料的包覆方法 |
US9273399B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-03-01 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Pretreatment compositions and methods for coating a battery electrode |
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