JP6096196B2 - 抗αβTCR抗体 - Google Patents
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- JP6096196B2 JP6096196B2 JP2014528901A JP2014528901A JP6096196B2 JP 6096196 B2 JP6096196 B2 JP 6096196B2 JP 2014528901 A JP2014528901 A JP 2014528901A JP 2014528901 A JP2014528901 A JP 2014528901A JP 6096196 B2 JP6096196 B2 JP 6096196B2
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Description
本発明は、ヒト化抗αβTCR抗体の抗原結合断片を包含する。上記抗体の断片は、αβTCR.CD3複合体と結合することができる。このような断片は、Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、およびF(v)断片、または個々の軽鎖または重鎖可変領域もしくはそれらの部分を包含する。断片としては、例えば、Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、FvおよびscFvが挙げられる。これらの断片は、無傷抗体のFc部分がなく、無傷抗体よりも迅速に循環系から排出され、無傷抗体よりも非特異的な組織結合を少なくすることができる。これらの断片は、周知の方法を用いて無傷抗体から生産することができ、例えばパパイン(Fab断片を生産する)またはペプシン(F(ab’)2断片を生産する)などの酵素でのタンパク質分解的切断によって生産することができる。
本明細書に記載の抗体の可変ドメインのアミノ酸配列は、配列番号5〜7および12〜16に記載される。抗体産生は、当技術分野で周知のいかなる技術によっても行うことができ、例えば、ヤギ(Pollockら(1999)J.Immunol.Methods 231:147〜157を参照)、ニワトリ(Morrow,K.J.J.(2000)Genet.Eng.News 20:1〜55を参照)、マウス(上記のPollockらを参照)、または植物(Doran,P.M.(2000)Curr.Opinion Biotechnol.11:199〜204、Ma.J.K−C.(1998)Nat.Med.4:601〜606、Baez,J.ら(2000)BioPharm.13:50〜54、Stoger,E.ら(2000)Plant Mol.Biol.42:583〜590を参照)などのトランスジェニック生物において行うことができる。また抗体は、化学合成によって、または宿主細胞での抗体をコードする遺伝子の発現によっても生産することができる。
T細胞活性の抑制は、免疫抑制が認められる、および/または自己免疫性状態が発生する多数の状況において望ましい。従って、不適切な、または望ましくない免疫反応、例えば炎症、自己免疫、およびこのようなメカニズムが関与するその他の状態が関与する疾患の治療において、αβTCR.CD3複合体の標的化が必要である。一実施形態において、このような疾患または障害は、自己免疫および/または炎症性疾患である。このような自己免疫および/または炎症性疾患の例は、全身性エリテマトーデス(SLE)、リウマチ様関節炎(RA)および炎症性腸疾患(IBD)(例えば潰瘍性大腸炎(UC)およびクローン病(CD)など)、多発性硬化症(MS)、強皮症および1型糖尿病(T1D)、ならびにその他の疾患および障害、例えばPV(尋常性天疱瘡)、乾癬、アトピー性皮膚炎、セリアック病、慢性閉塞性肺疾患、橋本甲状腺炎、グレーブス病(甲状腺)、シェーグレン症候群、ギヤン−バレー症候群、グッドパスチャー症候群、アディソン病、ヴェグナー肉芽腫症、原発性胆管硬化症、硬化性胆管炎、自己免疫性肝炎、リウマチ性多発性筋痛、レイノー現象、側頭動脈炎、巨細胞性動脈炎、自己免疫性溶血性貧血、悪性貧血、結節性多発性動脈炎、ベーチェット病、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、ブドウ膜炎、心筋炎、リウマチ熱、強直性脊椎炎、糸球体腎炎、サルコイドーシス、皮膚筋炎、重症筋無力症、多発性筋炎、円形脱毛症、および白斑である。
好ましい実施形態において、本発明に係る抗体、または本発明の前述の態様で定義されたようなアッセイ方法によって同定可能なリガンドもしくは複数のリガンドを含む医薬組成物が提供される。リガンドは、本明細書で考察されたような、免疫グロブリン、ペプチド、核酸または低分子物質であってもよい。以下の考察において、これらは「化合物」と称される。
EuCIV3の結合および生物活性はBMA031と比較して低い
フローサイトメトリーを用いて、発明者等は、EuCIV3は、T細胞の結合に関してBMA031より劣っていることを示した(図1)。この競合アッセイでは、固定濃度の直接フィコエリトリンで標識したMoIgG2b−BMA031(マウスの競合剤)および濃度を増加させた抗αβTCR抗体の存在下で、T細胞を氷上でインキュベートした。20分インキュベートした後、細胞を洗浄し、表面に直接結合したフィコエリトリン標識MoIgG2b−BMA031をフローサイトメトリーによって検出した。BMA031 HuIgG1キメラ抗体は、EuCIV3よりもかなり効果的に競合した。
BMA031キメラ抗体のFc工学
in vitroのプロファイル
発明者等は、アッセイパネルでBMA031のin vitroのプロファイルを評価した。表1は、BMA031のin vitroのプロファイルを示す。これらのアッセイにおいて、BMA031をOKT3と比較した。
結合が改善されたヒト化抗体の構築
発明者等は、HEBE1シリーズ(IGH3−23)およびGL1BMシリーズ(IGHV1−3*01およびIGKV3−11*01;VBase、vbase.mrc−cpe.cam.ac.ukを参照)と称される2つのシリーズのBMA031のヒト化バージョンを作製した。最初にBMA031重鎖のCDR領域をIGH3−23フレームワーク領域(配列番号5および6を参照)にグラフトすることにより、競合アッセイで示した通り(図3)抗体のαβTCRへの結合が改善された;実施例2を参照されたい。しかしながら、この改善は、IVEアッセイで示した通り(図4)抗体の機能的な改善には反映されなかった。
ヒト化抗体の最適化
ヒト化抗体を最適化する方策は、変異誘発および機能的なスクリーニングに基づく。可変ドメインのそれぞれ4つのフレームワーク領域のうち1つにおいて、マウスからヒトへのアミノ酸残基のブロック変化を行うことで最適化を開始した。GL1BM HC、GL1BM LC、およびHEBE1 HCシリーズそれぞれにおいて主要なフレームワーク領域を同定した。この同定後、そのフレームワーク領域内の個々の残基を、元のマウス配列からヒト生殖細胞系の残基に突然変異させた。マウス配列と同一であることが抗体の結合特性を保持するのに重要であることが見出されたフレームワークの残基が、マウス残基として保持されていた。別の方法でフレームワーク残基を変更して、ヒト生殖細胞系のアミノ酸配列と一致させた。抗体の元の結合特性を保持するための最低限のマウス残基が同定されるまで、これを配列全体に対して続けた。図5を参照されたい。発明者等は、T細胞からの抗体オフレートによって決定したところ、これらのシリーズのうちいくつかの抗体が、BMA031と比較して改善された結合を示すことを実証した(図6、7、および8)。
エフェクター機能を減少させるためのFc突然変異体の作製
天然に存在するAsn297部位の隣のアミノ酸Ser298位にグリコシル化部位が導入されるように改変されたFc変異体を設計して作製した。Asn297でのグリコシル化は、維持するか、または突然変異でノックアウトするかのいずれかとした。表2に突然変異およびグリコシル化の結果を示す。
改変されたH66 IgG1 Fc変異体を、20mMのDTTで37℃で30分、部分的に還元した。QSTAR qq TOFハイブリッドシステム(Applied Biosystem)を備えたアジレント1100(Agilent 1100)キャピラリーHPLCシステムでのキャピラリーLC/MSによってサンプルを解析した。アナリストQS1.1(Analyst QS1.1)(Applied Bisoystem)での基準の補正およびコンピューターモデリングによるベイズのタンパク質再構築をデータ解析に使用した。突然変異体S298N/T299A/Y300S H66リード抗体に関して、アミノ酸298位に1つのグリコシル化部位が観察され、主要な種として二分岐および三分岐の複合型グリカン、加えてG0F、G1F、およびG2Fが検出された。
Biacoreを用いて、組換えヒトFcγRIIIa(V158およびF158)およびFcγRIへの結合を評価した。CM5チップの4つ全てのフローセルを、Biacoreによって提供された標準的なアミンカップリング法で抗HPC4抗体で固定した。抗HPC4抗体をカップリング反応のためにpH5.0の10mMの酢酸ナトリウムで50μg/mLに希釈し、5μL/分で25分注入した。チップ表面におよそ12,000RUの抗体を固定した。組換えヒトFcγRIIIa−V158およびFcγRIIIa−F158を、結合緩衝液の1mMのCaCl2を含むHBS−Pで0.6μg/mLに希釈し、フローセル2および4それぞれに5μL/分で3分注入し、抗HPC4チップに300〜400RUの受容体を捕捉した。弱い結合物質を識別するために、このアッセイで通常用いられる量より3倍多くのrhFcγRIIIaを抗HPC4表面に捕捉させた。参照対照としてフローセル1および3を使用した。各抗体を結合緩衝液で200nMに希釈し、4つ全てのフローセルに4分注入し、続いて緩衝液中で5分解離させた。表面をHBS−EP緩衝液中の10mMのEDTAで20μL/分で3分再生した。
Far−UV CD熱融解実験によるS298N/T299A/Y300S抗体の突然変異体の安定性のモニターは、216nmおよび222nmにおけるCDシグナルを、最終的に抗体のアンフォールディングを引き起こすまで温度を上昇させながらモニターすることによりなされた。ジャスコ815(Jasco 815)分光光度計で、PBS緩衝液中およそ0.5mg/mLのタンパク質濃度で、パス長10mmの石英キュベット(Hellma,Inc)でCDスペクトルを回収した。熱電気でのペルチエ効果(ジャスコのモデルAWC100)によって温度を制御し、1℃/分の速度で25℃から89℃に温度を徐々に高めた。CDシグナルおよびHT電圧の両方のデータを取った。210〜260nmの範囲で、0.5nmのデータインターバル、1℃の温度インターバルでデータを得た。スキャン速度は50nm/分であり、データピッチは0.5nmであった。培地の感度設定で2.5nmの帯域幅を使用した。サンプルごとにスキャンを4回重複して行った。結果から、デルタAB H66およびS298N/T299A/Y300S H66突然変異体はいずれも、類似の熱挙動を示し、約63℃の同じ分解開始温度を有することが示唆される。言い換えれば、この突然変異体は、デルタAB様式と同等に安定である。
Fcで改変された突然変異体の機能的な解析
実施例2に記載されたようにしてPBMC増殖およびサイトカイン放出アッセイを行った。正常なドナーのPBMCを融解し、以下の条件下で処理した(全て補体を含む培地中で):
・未処理
・BMA031、moIgG2b 10μg/ml
・OKT3、moIgG2a 10μg/ml
・H66、huIgG1デルタAB 10μg/ml、1μg/ml、および0.1μg/ml
・H66、huIgG1 S298N/T299A/Y300S 10μg/ml、1μg/ml、および0.1μg/ml。
二重特異性抗体
一方のアームが腫瘍標的と結合でき、他方がαβTCRを介してT細胞と結合できるように短いアミノ酸リンカーを介して一緒に連結された2つの単鎖抗体(scFv)で構成される二重特異性分子を構築した。二重特異性分子は、本明細書では、TRACER(T cell Receptor Activated Cytotoxic EnableR)と称される。
GL1BMΔS×VK1
GL1BMΔS×VK27
GL1BMΔSVH11×VK1
GL1BMΔSVH15×VK1
GL1BMΔSVH28×VK43
GL1BMΔSVH31×VK43。
本明細書において記述されるFc突然変異の適応性に関する概説を試験するために、抗CD52抗体でグリコシル化突然変異体S298N/Y300Sも製造して(クローン2C3)、FcγRIII結合がないエフェクター機能のモジュレーションが異なる抗体主鎖にも当てはまるかどうかを調べた。クイックチェンジ変異誘発によってS298N/Y300S 2C3変異体のDNAを製造した。HEK293の一過性トランスフェクション後、タンパク質を調整培地から精製した。対照として抗CD52 2C3野生型抗体を平行して生産した。Biacoreを用いて、精製した抗体の抗原結合、FcγRIII、および結合特性を特徴付けた(図26を参照)。
Fcのエフェクター機能をアッセイするために、結合研究にFcγRIII受容体(Val158)を使用した。突然変異体および野生型対照抗体を200nMに希釈し、HPC4−タグで捕捉したFcγRIIIaに注入した。FcγRIII結合は、S298N/Y300S突然変異体ではほとんど検出できなかったが、これは、この変異体はエフェクター機能を喪失したことを示す(図26B)。またこの突然変異体は、野生型抗体対照と同じ親和性でFcRn受容体にも結合したことから、発明者等は、その循環半減期またはその他の薬物動態学的特性は変化しないと予想する。(図26Cを参照)。発明者等は、例えばヒトFcγ受容体のエンゲージメントにより望ましくないFcのエフェクター機能を減少させたりまたは除去したりするために、S298N/Y300S突然変異は一般的に抗体に適用が可能であると結論付けた。
Claims (11)
- 配列番号7、12、13、15および16に記載の配列からなる群より選択されるアミ
ノ酸配列を有する重鎖可変領域と配列番号14に記載のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、ヒトαβTCR/CD3複合体に特異的なヒト化モノクローナル抗体。 - 重鎖可変領域が、配列番号7、配列番号12、および配列番号13に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載のヒト化モノクローナル抗体。
- 重鎖可変領域が、配列番号15および配列番号16に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載のヒト化モノクローナル抗体。
- ヒト由来の定常領域をさらに含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のヒト化抗体。
- Fcγ受容体結合を減少させるFc改変をさらに含む、請求項4に記載のヒト化抗体。
- 改変されたグリコシル化パターンを含む、請求項5に記載のヒト化抗体。
- 非グリコシル型Fc領域またはデルタab改変を含む、請求項5に記載のヒト化抗体。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のヒト化モノクローナル抗体の、少なくとも1つの重鎖可変領域および軽鎖可変領域をコードする核酸。
- 請求項8に記載の核酸を発現する細胞。
- 対象におけるT細胞媒介応答を抑制するのに使用するための、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のヒト化抗体。
- T細胞媒介応答が、固形臓器移植および複合組織移植を含めた組織移植、組織グラフト、多発性硬化症、ならびに1型糖尿病からなる群より選択される状態に関連する、請求項10に記載の使用のためのヒト化抗体。
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