JP5777798B2 - 太陽電池セルの製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池セルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 99
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 126
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 70
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 59
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 59
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 49
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 49
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 47
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 35
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 19
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000005360 phosphosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic chloride Chemical compound ClP=O RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
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Description
図1−1〜図1−3は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる太陽電池セル1の構成を説明するための図であり、図1−1は、受光面側から見た太陽電池セル1の上面図、図1−2は、受光面と反対側からみた太陽電池セル1の下面図、図1−3は、図1−1のA−A方向における太陽電池セル1の要部断面図である。
実施の形態2では、逆ピラミッドテクスチャー構造を形成し、且つ受光面側電極12の下部領域のn型不純物拡散層の不純物濃度を高濃度化してセレクティブエミッタを形成する方法について説明する。これにより、受光面側電極12とn型不純物拡散層3とのコンタクト抵抗を低減することができ、太陽電池の光電変換効率を向上させることができる。なお、実施の形態2で形成される太陽電池セルの基本的な構成は、n型不純物拡散層3の構造以外は実施の形態1にかかる太陽電池セル1と同じであるため、実施の形態1の説明および図を参照することとする。
2 半導体基板
2a 逆ピラミッド状の微小凹凸(テクスチャー)
3 n型不純物拡散層
4 反射防止膜
5 表銀グリッド電極
6 表銀バス電極
7 裏アルミニウム電極
7a アルミニウムペースト
8 裏銀電極
8a 銀ペースト
9 p+層(BSF(Back Surface Field))
11 半導体基板
12 受光面側電極
12a 銀ペースト
13 裏面側電極
21a 第1開口部
21b 第2開口部
31 高濃度(低抵抗)n型不純物拡散層
32 低濃度(高抵抗)n型不純物拡散層
Claims (7)
- 第1導電型の半導体基板の一面側に第2導電型の不純物元素を拡散して不純物拡散層を形成する第1工程と、前記不純物拡散層に電気的に接続する受光面側電極を前記半導体基板の一面側に形成する第2工程と、前記半導体基板の他面側に裏面側電極を形成する第3工程とを含み、
前記第2工程の前のいずれかの時点で前記半導体基板の一面側の表面に逆ピラミッド形状の構造を形成する第4工程を有する太陽電池セルの製造方法であって、
前記第4工程は、
前記半導体基板の一面側に保護膜を形成する保護膜形成工程と、
相対的に加工処理効率の高い方法により、所望の開口形状に近く目標とする開口寸法よりも小さい複数の第1開口部を前記保護膜に形成する第1加工工程と、
相対的に加工精度の高い方法により、目標とする開口寸法まで前記第1開口部を広げて第2開口部を前記保護膜に形成する第2加工工程と、
前記第2開口部を介して前記第2開口部の下部領域の前記半導体基板の異方性エッチングを行うことにより前記逆ピラミッド形状の構造を前記半導体基板の一面側に形成するエッチング工程と、
前記保護膜を除去する除去工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記第1加工工程では、エッチングペーストを前記保護膜に塗布することにより前記第1開口部を形成すること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記第1加工工程では、レーザ光の発散ビームを前記保護膜に照射することにより前記第1開口部を形成すること、
を特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記第2加工工程では、レーザ径が前記第1開口部よりも小さいレーザビームを前記保護膜に照射することにより前記第2開口部を形成すること、
を特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1つに記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記第4工程の後に前記第1工程を行うこと、
を特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1つに記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記保護膜形成工程では、前記半導体基板の一面側に第1の濃度で前記不純物元素を拡散して第1不純物拡散層を形成した後に前記第1不純物拡散層上に前記保護膜を形成し、
前記エッチング工程では、前記第2開口部を介して前記第2開口部の下部領域の前記第1不純物拡散層および前記第1不純物拡散層の下部の前記半導体基板の異方性エッチングを行うことにより、前記逆ピラミッド形状の構造の表面に前記第1不純物拡散層および前記半導体基板が露出した前記逆ピラミッド形状の構造を前記半導体基板の一面側に形成し、
前記エッチング工程の後に、前記逆ピラミッド形状の構造の表面に露出した前記半導体基板の表面に前記第1の濃度よりも低い第2の濃度で前記不純物元素を拡散して第2不純物拡散層を形成する工程を有すること、
を特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1つに記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記第2加工工程では、前記保護膜において前記受光面側電極の形成領域を除いた領域に前記第2開口部を形成すること、
を特徴とする請求項6に記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。
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