JP5761354B2 - 半導体装置および半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置および半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5761354B2 JP5761354B2 JP2013532653A JP2013532653A JP5761354B2 JP 5761354 B2 JP5761354 B2 JP 5761354B2 JP 2013532653 A JP2013532653 A JP 2013532653A JP 2013532653 A JP2013532653 A JP 2013532653A JP 5761354 B2 JP5761354 B2 JP 5761354B2
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Description
実施の形態1にかかる半導体装置の構造について、ダイオードを例に説明する。図1は、この発明の実施の形態1にかかる半導体装置の要部を示す断面図である。図1に示すように、実施の形態1にかかるダイオードにおいて、高濃度のアンチモンがドープされてなるn型の半導体基板(n型カソード層1)の上面には、n型エピタキシャル層10が形成されている。この半導体基板は主に、チョコラルスキー(CZ)法で製造する単結晶のシリコン基板である。
次に、本発明にかかる半導体装置の順方向電圧特性と、裏面リンイオン注入19のドーズ量との関係について説明する。図3は、この発明の実施例1にかかる半導体装置の順方向電圧特性と裏面リンイオン注入ドーズ量との関係を示す特性図である。図3には、裏面コンタクト熱処理の温度が380℃のときの、裏面リンイオン注入19のドーズ量とダイオードの順方向電圧(Vf)特性との関係を示す。順方向電圧(Vf)の定義は、縦横がそれぞれ5mmのダイオードチップのアノード電極・カソード電極間に順方向バイアス電圧を印加し、順方向電流が5アンペア(A)となったときのアノード電極・カソード電極間の順方向電圧降下の値とした。この順方向電流の電流密度は、活性領域23の面積に依存し、例えば30A/cm2程度である(他の実施例においても同様)。
次に、本発明にかかる半導体装置の順方向電圧特性と、裏面コンタクト熱処理の温度との関係について説明する。図4は、この発明の実施例2にかかる半導体装置の順方向電圧特性と裏面コンタクト熱処理温度との関係を示す特性図である。図4には、実施例1(380℃)を含む4種類の裏面コンタクト熱処理の温度(350℃、380℃、420℃、470℃)における裏面リンイオン注入19のドーズ量とダイオードのVf特性との関係を示す。
次に、本発明にかかる半導体装置の製造方法における裏面リンイオン注入19の最適ドーズ量と裏面コンタクト熱処理の温度との関係について説明する。図5は、この発明の実施例3にかかる半導体装置の製造方法における裏面リンイオン注入ドーズ量と裏面コンタクト熱処理温度との関係を示す特性図である。図5には、実施例2にて述べた図4に示す4種類の裏面コンタクト熱処理温度に340℃および500℃の2点の裏面コンタクト熱処理温度(図5には、リンイオン注入後の熱処理温度と示す)を追加したときの最適な裏面リンイオン注入19のドーズ量(最適ドーズ量、図5には最適リンイオン注入ドーズ量と示す)の関係を1次関数で示す。各6点の裏面コンタクト熱処理温度における縦のエラーバーは、それぞれの裏面コンタクト熱処理温度における裏面リンイオン注入19の最適ドーズ量(の範囲)である。各6点の裏面コンタクト熱処理温度においてVf値が最小となるときの裏面リンイオン注入19のドーズ量に対して、各点を1次関数でフィッティングさせたフィッティング関数を、実線にて示す。破線は、フィッティング関数のy値の±10%をそれぞれ通る線である。
本発明にかかる半導体装置のn型コンタクト層4のキャリア濃度について検証した。n型コンタクト層4のキャリア濃度は、周知の広がり抵抗(SR)測定器を用いてn型コンタクト層4のドーピング濃度分布を測定することにより評価することができる。図6は、この発明の実施例4にかかる半導体装置の裏面キャリア濃度分布を示す特性図である。図6には、n型カソード層1の表面(基板の裏面)に、裏面コンタクト熱処理の各熱処理温度における最適ドーズ量にて裏面リンイオン注入19を行った後に裏面コンタクト熱処理を行ったときの、SR測定によるキャリア濃度(一般的にはドーピング濃度)分布を示す。
次に、裏面リンイオン注入19後の裏面コンタクト熱処理の温度保持時間は、30分間以上行うことがよい。図7は、この発明の実施例5にかかる半導体装置の順方向電圧特性と裏面コンタクト熱処理時間との関係を示す特性図である。図7に示す結果より、裏面コンタクト熱処理温度によって多少の違いはあるものの、ダイオードのVf値は、30分未満の裏面コンタクト熱処理時間では1.0V以上を示し、30〜60分間の裏面コンタクト熱処理時間中に大きく低下した後、60分(1時間)以上の裏面コンタクト熱処理時間でほとんど変化していないことが確認された。裏面コンタクト熱処理時間が30分未満の場合、裏面リンイオン注入19されたリン不純物の活性化が不十分であると推測される。したがって、裏面リンイオン注入19後の裏面コンタクト熱処理時間は、30分以上であるのが好ましく、より好ましくは1時間以上であるとよい。
実施の形態2にかかる半導体装置について、絶縁ゲート型電界効果トランジスタ(MOSFET)を例に説明する。図8は、この発明の実施の形態2にかかる半導体装置の要部を示す断面図である。図8には、本発明にかかる半導体装置のn型コンタクト層4を、縦型の絶縁ゲート型電界効果トランジスタ(MOSFET)に適用した例を示す。すなわち、実施の形態2にかかる半導体装置の、実施の形態1にかかる半導体装置(ダイオード)との相違点は、n-型ドリフト層2の表面に、MOSゲート(金属−酸化膜−半導体からなる絶縁ゲート)構造を形成した点である。MOSゲート構造は周知の構造でよく、例えば図8に示す構造とすればよい。
実施の形態3にかかる半導体装置について説明する。実施の形態2にかかる半導体装置(MOSFET)を、インテリジェントパワースイッチ(IPS)に適用してもよい。IPSは、同一のn-型ドリフト層2の表面に、図8に示す実施の形態2にかかる縦型MOSFETと周知の終端耐圧構造との他に、制御用CMOS(相補型MOS)回路、レベルシフト回路、回路間の電位を分離する分離領域等を備えたスイッチング素子である。このIPSのシリコン基板(n型ドレイン層25)の裏面に、本発明にかかる半導体装置の上記(1)〜(3)の特徴を有するn型コンタクト層4を形成することで、実施の形態2と同様にn型コンタクト層4とドレイン電極22と低抵抗のオーミック接触を実現することができる。
2,52 n-型ドリフト層
3,53 p型アノード層
4,54 n型コンタクト層
5,55 アノード電極
6,56 カソード電極
7,57 層間絶縁膜
10,100 n型エピタキシャル層
11 p型ガードリング層
12 フィールドプレート
13 p型ベース層
14 n型ソース層
15 p型コンタクト層
16 ゲート電極
17 ゲート酸化膜
18,68 研削・エッチング
19 裏面リンイオン注入
20 パッシベーション膜
21 ソース電極
22 ドレイン電極
23 活性領域
24 終端構造領域
25 n型ドレイン層
69 砒素イオン注入
Claims (16)
- 第1導電型の半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板の裏面に設けられた、前記半導体基板より高濃度の第1導電型のコンタクト層と、
前記コンタクト層と接触する第1電極と、
前記半導体基板のおもて面に設けられた、前記半導体基板より低濃度の第1導電型のドリフト層と、
前記ドリフト層の、前記半導体基板側に対して反対側の表面層に設けられた第2導電型のベース領域と、
前記ベース領域に電気的に接続された第2電極と、
を備え、
前記コンタクト層は、リン、アンチモンおよび格子欠陥を含み、
前記コンタクト層の最大キャリア濃度は、1.0×1018/cm3より大きく、かつ5.0×1019/cm3よりも小さく、
前記コンタクト層の、前記第1電極との境界から前記半導体基板内への拡散深さは0.5μm以下であることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記コンタクト層は、前記半導体基板よりもキャリア濃度の高い領域と、前記半導体基板よりもキャリア濃度の低い領域とを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記半導体基板は、シリコンからなることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記コンタクト層の最大キャリア濃度は3.0×10 18 /cm 3 より大きく、かつ1.0×10 19 /cm 3 より小さいことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の半導体装置。
- 前記半導体基板にはアンチモンがドープされ、前記半導体基板のアンチモンの濃度は1.0×10 18 /cm 3 以上3.0×10 18 /cm 3 以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1電極の前記コンタクト層に接触する側の部分にはチタンが含まれていることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか一つに記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ドリフト層の厚さと前記半導体基板の厚さとの総厚は300μmより薄いことを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか一つに記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ベース領域の内部に設けられた、前記ドリフト層よりも高濃度の第1導電型のソース領域と、
前記ドリフト層の、前記ソース領域と前記ベース領域とに挟まれた部分の表面に絶縁膜を介して設けられたゲート電極と、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の半導体装置。 - アンチモンがドープされてなる第1導電型の半導体基板のおもて面に前記半導体基板よりも低濃度の第1導電型のドリフト層をエピタキシャル成長させる工程と、
前記ドリフト層の、前記半導体基板側に対して反対側の表面層に第2導電型のベース領域を形成する工程と、
前記ベース領域に電気的に接続された第2電極を形成する工程と、
前記第2電極の形成後、前記半導体基板の裏面を研削して前記半導体基板を薄くする工程と、
前記半導体基板の研削された裏面に、第1導電型不純物をイオン注入する工程と、
340℃以上500℃以下の温度で30分間以上の熱処理を行うことで、前記半導体基板に注入された前記第1導電型不純物を活性化させ、前記半導体基板の裏面の表面層の第1導電型のコンタクト層を形成する工程と、
前記コンタクト層に接触する第1電極を形成する工程と、
を含み、
前記第1導電型不純物はリンであり、
前記熱処理では、前記イオン注入によって形成された格子欠陥を前記コンタクト層の領域に残留させることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記コンタクト層は、前記半導体基板よりもキャリア濃度の高い領域と、前記半導体基板よりもキャリア濃度の低い領域とを有することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記半導体基板は、シリコンからなることを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記イオン注入の前記第1導電型不純物のドーズ量が4.0×10 13 /cm 2 以上5.6×10 14 /cm 2 以下であることを特徴とする請求項9〜11のいずれか一つに記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理の温度をx(℃)とし、前記第1導電型不純物のドーズ量をy0(/cm 2 )としたときに、前記第1導電型不純物のドーズ量y0は、y=−5.7×10 14 +2.012×10 12 xに対して0.9y以上1.1y以下を満たすことを特徴とする請求項9〜12のいずれか一つに記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記イオン注入の加速エネルギーが5keV以上で50keV以下であることを特徴とする請求項9〜13のいずれか一つに記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記半導体基板を薄くする工程では、前記ドリフト層の厚さと前記半導体基板の厚さとの総厚を300μmよりも薄くすることを特徴とする請求項9〜14のいずれか一つに記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1電極はチタンを含むことを特徴とする請求項9〜15のいずれか一つに記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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US9496151B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
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US9059325B2 (en) | 2015-06-16 |
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US20150228752A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
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KR101923127B1 (ko) | 2018-11-28 |
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US20150228779A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
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