JP5753793B2 - モジュラーdna結合ドメインおよび使用方法 - Google Patents
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Description
添付の図および配列表に列挙されるヌクレオチドおよびアミノ酸配列は、ヌクレオチド塩基の標準文字略号およびアミノ酸の1文字コードを用いて示される。ヌクレオチド配列は、配列の5’末端で始まり、3’末端へと前進する(すなわち、各ラインの左から右へ)、標準慣例に従う。各核酸配列の1本鎖のみが示されるが、表示される鎖の任意の参照によって、相補鎖が含まれることが理解される。アミノ酸配列は、アミノ末端で始まり、カルボキシ末端へと前進する(すなわち、各ラインの左から右へ)、標準慣例に従う。
LTPEQVVAIASNGGGKQALETVQRLLPVLCQAHG
LTPEQVVAIASNGGGKQALETVQRLLPVLCQAPHD
・C/Gの認識のためのHD
・A/Tの認識のためのNI
・T/Aの認識のためのNG
・C/GまたはA/TまたはT/AまたはG/Cの認識のためのNS
・G/CまたはA/Tの認識のためのNN
・T/Aの認識のためのIG
・C/GまたはT/Aの認識のためのN
・T/Aの認識のためのHG
・T/Aの認識のためのH
・G/Cの認識のためのNK。
・C/Gの認識のためのHD
・A/Tの認識のためのNI
・T/Aの認識のためのNG
・C/GまたはA/TまたはT/AまたはG/Cの認識のためのNS
・G/CまたはA/Tの認識のためのNN
・T/Aの認識のためのIG
・C/GまたはT/Aの認識のためのN
・T/Aの認識のためのHG
・T/Aの認識のためのH
・G/Cの認識のためのNK。
・HDによる認識のためのC/G
・NIによる認識のためのA/T
・NGによる認識のためのT/A
・NSによる認識のためのCTまたはA/TまたはT/AまたはG/C
・NNによる認識のためのG/CまたはA/T
・IGによる認識のためのT/A。
・Nによる認識のためのC/GまたはT/A
・HGによる認識のためのT/A
・Hによる認識のためのT/A
・NKによる認識のためのG/C。
AvrBs3が、誘発標的遺伝子内のプロモーター要素であるUPAボックスに直接に結合するという事実に促され(Kay et al.(2007)Science318,648−651、Roemer et al.(2007)Science318:645−648)、我々は、DNA配列特異性のための塩基を調査した。各反復領域は、概して34個のアミノ酸からなり、反復単位は、ほぼ同一であるが、アミノ酸12および13は、高度可変である(Schornack et al.(2006)J.Plant Physiol.163:256−272、図1A)。AvrBs3のC最末端の反復は、その最初の20個のアミノ酸においてのみ他の反復単位との配列類似性を示し、したがって半反復と称される。反復単位は、それらの高度可変な第12および第13アミノ酸に基づいて、異なる反復タイプに分類することができる(図1B)。UPAボックス(18(20)/19(21)bp)のサイズは、AvrBs3中の反復単位の数(17.5個)にほぼ対応するため、我々は、AvrBs3の1つの反復単位が、1つの特異的DNA塩基対に接触するという可能性を考えた。AvrBs3の反復タイプ(各反復のアミノ酸12および13)がUPAボックスに投影されるとき、特定の反復タイプが、標的DNA内の特異的塩基対と相関することが明白となる。例えば、HDおよびNI反復単位は、それぞれ、CおよびAへの強い選好を有する(図1B)。簡潔にするために、上部(センス)DNA鎖の塩基のみを指定する。我々の認識特異性のモデルは、4つの反復単位(Δ11〜14、図5A、B)を欠く、AvrBs3反復欠失誘導体AvrBs3Δrep16が、より短いおよび異なる標的DNA配列を認識するという事実によって支持される(図5〜8)。AvrBs3誘発性トウガラシ遺伝子のUPAボックスの配列比較、および突然変異分析に基づいて、AvrBs3の標的DNAボックスは、AvrBs3の反復単位の数よりも1bp長いようである。加えて、Tは、第1反復の予測認識特異性の直前に、UPAボックスの5’末端で保存される(図1)。興味深いことに、アミノ酸配列保存の欠如にもかかわらず、第1反復および反復領域に先行するタンパク質領域の二次構造予測は、類似性を示す。これは、反復0と名付けられる、さらなる反復を示唆する(図1B)。
AvrBs3ファミリーの天然産エフェクターの反復ドメインの反復単位は、対応するDNA結合特異性をコードする。これらの認識配列は、認識コードで予測することができる。
植物遺伝子のプロモーター領域内のAvrBs3ファミリーの、対応するエフェクターのDNA標的配列の予測は、エフェクターによるこれらの遺伝子の誘発性発現のための指標である。本発明に従う方法を用いて、誘発性植物遺伝子を予測することが可能である。予測は、特に、配列されたゲノム内で明快である。
Hax3およびHax4の使用に類似して、AvrBs3ファミリーの他のメンバーの予測DNA結合配列は、対応するAvrBs3エフェクターによって誘導することができる新規制御可能なプロモーターを生成するために、プロモーターに挿入することができる。
2つの構築物を植物に導入する。第1に、その発現が誘発性プロモーターの制御下にあるhax3遺伝子である。第2に、プロモーター内にHax3ボックスを含有する標的遺伝子である。hax3の発現の誘発は、次いで標的遺伝子の発現を誘発するHax3タンパク質の産生をもたらす。説明される2成分性構築物は、標的遺伝子の可変の発現を可能にする、2倍の発現スイッチをもたらす。トランス活性化因子および標的遺伝子もまた、最初に異なる植物株に存在してもよく、自由に遺伝子移入されてもよい。これに類似して、Hax4および対応するHax4ボックスを使用することができる。このシステムはまた、AvrBs3ファミリーの他のメンバーまたは人工誘導体および予測DNA標的配列と共に使用することもできる。このシステムの機能は、すでに検証することができた。その天然プロモーターの制御下で誘発性avrBs3遺伝子ならびにBs3遺伝子を含有し、その発現がAvrBs3によって誘発され得る、トランスジェニックアラビドプシス・タリアナ植物を構築した。avrBs3の発現の誘発は、Bs3の発現、したがって細胞死をもたらす。国際公開第2009/042753号を参照されたく、それは参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
AvrBs3類似エフェクターのDNA標的配列が、その発現が植物の防御反応(抵抗性仲介遺伝子)をもたらす遺伝子の前に挿入される場合、対応するように構築されたトランスジェニック植物は、植物病原体生物の感染に対して抵抗性となり、このエフェクターを有効にするであろう。かかる抵抗性仲介遺伝子は、例えば、生物/病原体の分散を防止する局在細胞死をもたらすことができるか、または植物細胞の基礎抵抗性もしくは全身抵抗性を誘発することができる。
中央反復ドメインのモジュラー構造は、明確なDNA結合特異性の標的構築、およびこれと共に、選択された植物遺伝子の転写の誘発を可能にする。DNA結合特異性は、新規エフェクター−DNAボックス変異体が標的遺伝子の発現の誘発性のために生成されるように、標的遺伝子の前に人工的に挿入することができる。さらに、生物中の天然産DNA配列を認識する反復ドメインを構築することができる。このアプローチの利点は、本発明の対応するエフェクターが、この生物の細胞中に存在する場合、非トランスジェニック生物中の任意の遺伝子の発現が、誘発され得るということである。
(1)タンパク質輸送システムで細菌を介して転移する(例えば、III型分泌系);
(2)人工AvrBs3タンパク質での細胞衝撃;
(3)遺伝子移入、アグロバクテリウム、ウイルスベクター、もしくは細胞衝撃を介する、エフェクターの産生をもたらすDNAセグメントの転移;または
(4)標的細胞によってエフェクタータンパク質の取り込みをもたらす他の方法。
AvrBs3様ファミリーのエフェクターは、植物細胞中の遺伝子の発現を誘発する。このために、タンパク質のC末端は、必須であり、それはタンパク質の植物核への移入を仲介する、転写活性化ドメインおよび核局在配列を含有する。AvrBs3相同タンパク質のC末端は、それが真菌、動物、またはヒト系における遺伝子の発現を仲介するような方法で、修飾することができる。それによって、ヒト、他の動物、または真菌において転写活性化因子として機能するエフェクターを構築することができる。したがって、本発明に従う方法は、植物だけでなく、他の生存生物にも適用することができる。
反復ドメインのDNA結合特異性は、特異的抑制因子として作用するエフェクターを構築するために、タンパク質融合体内の他のドメイン共に使用することができる。これらのエフェクターは、それらが標的遺伝子のプロモーターに結合するような方法で生成されている、DNA結合特異性を示す。転写活性化因子であるTALエフェクターと対照的に、これらのエフェクターは、標的遺伝子の発現をブロックするために構築される。典型的抑制因子と同様に、これらのエフェクターは、それらの標的DNA配列の認識またはそこへの結合によってプロモーター配列をカバーし、さもなければ標的遺伝子の発現を制御する因子に対して、それらをアクセス不可能にすることが予測される。代替的に、または加えて、反復ドメインは、EARモチーフ等の転写抑制ドメインに融合することができる(Ohta et al.Plant Cell13:1959−1968(2001))。
反復ドメインの、特異的標的DNA配列を認識する能力は、特異的DNA配列を標識化するために、他のドメインと共に使用することができる。C末端側GFP(「緑色蛍光タンパク質」)は、例えば、所望のDNA配列を検出する人工反復ドメインに融合することができる。この融合タンパク質は、インビボおよびインビトロで、対応するDNA配列に結合する。この配列の染色体上の位置を、融合GFPタンパク質を用いて局在化することができる。類似した方法では、タンパク質の細胞局在(例えば、FISHによって)を可能にする他のタンパク質ドメインを、細胞のゲノム内の対応するDNA配列に対するタンパク質を標的とする、特異的人工反復ドメインに融合することができる。加えて、本発明の反復ドメインのDNA認識特異性は、特異的DNA配列を単離するために使用することができる。このために、AvrBs3様タンパク質をマトリックスに固定化することができ、マッチング配列を含有する対応するDNA分子と相互作用する。したがって、特異的DNA配列を、DNA分子の混合物から単離することができる。
反復ドメインのDNA認識特異性は、DNAを特異的に切断するために、好適な制限エンドヌクレアーゼと融合することができる。したがって、反復ドメインの列特異的結合は、エンドヌクレアーゼが、所望の位置でDNAを特異的に切断するように、少数の特異的配列に対する融合タンパク質の局在をもたらす。亜鉛フィンガーヌクレアーゼを用いて行われた作業に類似して、標的DNA配列の認識を用いて、FokI等の非特異的ヌクレアーゼを、特異的エンドヌクレアーゼに変化させることができる。例えば、2つのエフェクターDNA標的部位の間の最適距離は、2つのFokIドメインの二量体化を支持するのに必要であろう距離に決定されるであろう。これは、2つのDNA結合部位が、異なるサイズのスペーサー配列によって分離される構築物の収集を分析することによって達成されるであろう。このアプローチを用いることにより、ヌクレアーゼ仲介型DNA切断が生じることを可能にする距離、および異なるDNA配列を標的とするさらなるエフェクターヌクレアーゼの機能分析を決定することが可能となる。代替的アプローチでは、新規に開発された1本鎖FokIダイマー(Mino et al.(2009)J Biotechnol140:156−161)が採用される。このアプローチでは、2つのFokI触媒ドメインは、本発明の単反復ドメインに転写的に融合される。したがって、対応するヌクレアーゼの機能性は、2つの異なるタンパク質上に位置する、2つのFokIドメインの分子内二量体化にもはや依存しない。このタイプの構築は、亜鉛フィンガーベースのDNA結合モチーフの背景において首尾よく使用されている。さらに、これらの方法は、複合DNA−分子内の少数の位置のみでの非常に特異的な切断を可能にする。これらの方法は、とりわけ、インビボで2本鎖切断を導入するために、およびこれらの位置でドナーDNAを選択的に組み込むために使用することができる。これらの方法はまた、トランス遺伝子を特異的に挿入するためにも使用することができる。
反復ドメインの個々の反復単位の間の高い類似性に起因して、上述のカスタムDNA結合ポリペプチドの構築は、従来のクローン化方法を用いる方法を通じては実行できない可能性がある。この実施例に詳述される通り、Bs4プロモーター(図17B、C)等の、目的のプロモーター内の所望のDNA配列にマッチする反復単位順序を備える反復ドメインは、本発明の認識コードに基づいて決定される。「ゴールデンゲート」クローン化を用いて、特異的11.5個の反復単位順序の生成を達成した(Engler et al.(2008)PLoS ONE3:e3647)。形成ブロックとして、Hax3のN末端およびC末端、ならびに11.5個の反復単位に類似した12個の個々の反復単位をサブクローン化した。各形成ブロックは、フラグメントの、カスタムエフェクターポリペプチドへの秩序組立てを可能にする、個々の隣接BsaI部位(図18)を含有した。エフェクター(ARTBs4)を、合計14個のフラグメントから、カスタムエフェクターポリペプチドの、植物細胞中のN末端側標識GFP融合(図18)としてのアグロバクテリウム仲介型の発現を可能にするBsaI適合性バイナリーベクターへと正確に組み立てた。
反復ドメインのヌクレオチド結合特異性は、細胞中のウイルス複製を妨害するエフェクターを設計するために使用することができる。これらのエフェクターは、ウイルスの複製起点におけるヌクレオチド配列およびウイルス機能に重要な他の配列に対して標的化された、ヌクレオチド結合特異性を示すであろう。ウイルス機能をブロックするために、さらなるタンパク質ドメインがこれらの反復ドメインに融合される必要はない。それらは、プロモーター、エンハンサー、長末端反復単位、および内部リボソーム進入部位を含む、複製の起点または他の主要な配列を、それらに結合し、かつウイルスによりコードされたRNA依存性RNAポリメラーゼ、ヌクレオキャプシドタンパク質、およびインテグラーゼを含む、ウイルス複製およびウイルス機能に関与する、宿主もしくはウイルス因子に対してそれらをアクセス不可能にすることによりカバーすることによって、典型的抑制因子と同様に作用する、このタイプの戦略は、亜鉛フィンガータンパク質で首尾よく使用されている(Sera(2005)J.Vir.79:2614−2619、Takenaka et al.(2007)NuclAcids Symposium Series 51:429−430)。
細菌株および増殖条件。エスケリキア・コリを溶原培養液(LB)中で37℃で、アグロバクテリウムツメファシエンスGV3101を酵母エキス培養液(YEB)中で30℃で培養し、適切な抗生物質を補充した。
TALエフェクターのDNA結合ドメインは、縦列配列された34アミノ酸反復単位からなる。反復単位のアミノ酸配列は、DNA標的特異性を定める12位および13位の2つの隣接した高度可変残基(HVR)を除いて、主に保存されている(Boch et al.(2009)Science326:1509−1512、Moscou&Bogdanove(2009)Science326:1501)。機能分析は、A(NI)、C(HD)、T(NG、IG)に優先的に結合するか、またはGおよびA(NN)に同等によく結合するHVRモチーフを特定した(Boch et al.(2009)Science326:1509−1512)。バイオインフォマティクス分析により、所定のプロモーター−TALエフェクター相互作用におけるHVRが、Gに特異的にマッチすることが示された(Moscou&Bogdanove(2009)Science326:1501)。しかしながら、この分析は、単一の(HN&NA)または2つの(NK)相互作用部位に基づいていた。我々の見解では、相互作用部位の数は、HVR特異性についての信頼できる結論に達するには少なすぎる。それにもかかわらず、これらのHVRは、Gへの特異的結合を仲介し得る好適な候補であると考えることができる。
TALエフェクターのDNA結合ドメインは、縦列配列された34アミノ酸反復単位(REF)からなる。反復単位のアミノ酸配列は、DNA標的特異性を定める12位および13位の2つの隣接した高度可変残基(HVR)を除いて、主に保存されている(Boch et al.(2009)Science326:1509−1512、Moscou&Bogdanove(2009)Science326:1501)。異なるHVRモチーフは、異なるレベルの特異性で、個々のA、C、G、またはTヌクレオチドに結合する。重要なことに、統計的分析は、縦列配列された反復単位が、隣接単位の特異性を干渉しないことを示唆する(Moscou&Bogdanove(2009)Science326:1501)。したがって、事前に特徴付けられた特異性を備える反復単位のモジュラー組立ては、所望のDNA特異性を備えるDNA−認識モジュールの生成のための効率的な方法を提供する可能性が高い。
標的DNA配列およびFokIヌクレアーゼ(「TAL−type−ヌクレアーゼ」)を認識する、本発明の反復ドメインを含む融合タンパク質を、本明細書に開示される方法または当該技術分野で既知の方法のいずれかによって説明される通りに産生する。対応する標的DNAでのインキュベーションによって、融合タンパク質を、ヌクレアーゼ活性について試験する。反復ドメインDNA標的部位を、プラスミドベクターの多重クローン化部位へとクローン化する(例えば、ブルースクリプト)。陰性対照として、TALヌクレアーゼ標的部位を含有しない「空のベクター」または突然変異でクローン化された標的部位のいずれかを使用する。DNA基質のTALタイプヌクレアーゼでの処置の前に、ベクターを、ベクター骨格内で切断する好適な標準エンドヌクレアーゼでの処置によって直線化する。この直線化されたベクターを、インビトロで生成された反復ドメイン−FokIヌクレアーゼ融合タンパク質でインキュベートし、産物をアガロースゲル電気泳動によって分析する。ゲル電気泳動における2つのDNAフラグメントの検出は、特異的ヌクレアーゼ仲介型切断のための指標である。対照的に、反復ドメインによって認識される標的部位を含有しない陰性対照は、反復ドメイン−FokIヌクレアーゼ融合タンパク質での処置による影響を受けない。反復ドメイン−FokIヌクレアーゼ融合タンパク質を生成するために、インビトロ遺伝子発現およびタンパク質合成のための、DNA主導型、無細胞システムを使用する(例えば、T7High−Yield Protein Expression System;Promega)。かかるシステムを使用するために、反復ドメイン−FokIヌクレアーゼ融合タンパク質ヌクレオチド配列を、T7RNAポリメラーゼの前にクローン化する。インビトロ転写および翻訳を介して産生されるかかる融合タンパク質を、さらなる精製を行わずにDNA切断検定で使用する。
Claims (15)
- 標的DNA配列内の少なくとも1つの塩基対を選択的に認識するポリペプチドを産生する方法であって、前記方法は、反復ドメインを含むポリペプチドを合成することを含み、前記反復ドメインは、転写活性化因子様(TAL)エフェクターに由来する少なくとも6.5個の反復単位を含み、前記反復単位は、前記標的DNA配列内の塩基対の認識を決定する高度可変領域を含み、前記反復単位は、前記DNA配列内の1つの塩基対の前記認識に関与し、かつ前記高度可変領域は、
(a) C/Gの認識のためのHD、
(b) A/Tの認識のためのNI、
(c) T/Aの認識のためのNG、
(d) C/GまたはA/TまたはT/AまたはG/Cの認識のためのNS、
(e) G/CまたはA/Tの認識のためのNN、
(f) T/Aの認識のためのIG、
(g) C/Gの認識のためのN、
(h) C/GまたはT/Aの認識のためのHG、および
(i) T/Aの認識のためのHからなる群から選択されるメンバーを含む、方法。 - 前記高度可変領域は、前記反復単位内のアミノ酸12および13に対応する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反復ドメインは、6.5〜40.5個の反復単位を含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記反復ドメインは、11.5〜33.5個の反復単位を含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリペプチドは、前記反復ドメインに作動可能に結合された少なくとも1つの追加ドメインをさらに含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記追加ドメインは、細菌、ウイルス、真菌、卵菌、ヒト、動物、植物、もしくは人工タンパク質、またはそれらの一部を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記追加ドメインは、DNAまたはRNAを修飾することができる、タンパク質またはその機能部分もしくはドメインを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記追加ドメインは、転写活性化因子、転写抑制因子、抵抗性仲介タンパク質、ヌクレアーゼ、トポイソメラーゼ、リガーゼ、インテグラーゼ、リコンビナーゼ、リゾルバーゼ、メチラーゼ、アセチラーゼ、デメチラーゼ、およびデアセチラーゼからなる群から選択されるタンパク質またはその機能部分もしくはドメインを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリペプチドの前記反復ドメインは、前記ポリペプチドをコードするDNA配列を発現することによって合成され、前記ポリペプチドをコードする前記DNA配列は、その後、前記ポリペプチドをコードする前記DNA配列を含む最終ベクターへと組み立てられる1つ以上の標的ベクター内で、前記反復単位を事前組み立てすることによって組み立てられる、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記反復単位は、30〜40個のアミノ酸を含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記反復単位は、33、34、35、または39個のアミノ酸を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリペプチドは、前記標的DNA配列内の、少なくとも2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、または20個の塩基対を認識する、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリペプチドは、前記標的DNA配列内の全ての塩基対を認識する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリペプチドは、前記標的DNA配列に結合することができる、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 細胞中の標的遺伝子の発現を調節する方法であって、ポリペプチドを含有する細胞が提供され、前記ポリペプチドは、反復ドメインを含み、前記反復ドメインは、TALエフェクターに由来する少なくとも6.5個の反復単位を含み、前記反復単位は、DNA配列内の塩基対の認識を決定する高度可変領域を含み、前記反復単位は、前記DNA配列内の1つの塩基対の前記認識に関与し、かつ前記高度可変領域は、
(a) C/Gの認識のためのHD、
(b) A/Tの認識のためのNI、
(c) T/Aの認識のためのNG、
(d) C/GまたはA/TまたはT/AまたはG/Cの認識のためのNS、
(e) G/CまたはA/Tの認識のためのNN、
(f) T/Aの認識のためのIG、
(g) C/Gの認識のためのN、
(h) C/GまたはT/Aの認識のためのHG、および
(i) T/Aの認識のためのHからなる群から選択されるメンバーを含む、方法。
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CN102325791B (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
IL213971A (en) | 2017-11-30 |
CA2749305C (en) | 2017-01-24 |
JP2018078899A (ja) | 2018-05-24 |
CN106008675B (zh) | 2021-03-09 |
WO2010079430A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
MX2011007467A (es) | 2011-09-26 |
JP2012514976A (ja) | 2012-07-05 |
AU2010204105A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
IL213971A0 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
US20120122205A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
US20120064620A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
CN106008675A (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
EP2206723A1 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
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