JP5722956B2 - 燃料電池装置 - Google Patents
燃料電池装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5722956B2 JP5722956B2 JP2013142338A JP2013142338A JP5722956B2 JP 5722956 B2 JP5722956 B2 JP 5722956B2 JP 2013142338 A JP2013142338 A JP 2013142338A JP 2013142338 A JP2013142338 A JP 2013142338A JP 5722956 B2 JP5722956 B2 JP 5722956B2
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- fuel cell
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 232
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 125
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007620 mathematical function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Description
(ii)前記燃料電池スタックの陰極空気流入口と連通する(fluid communication)空気圧縮装置(air compressor)を操作して、空気を前記燃料電池スタックの陰極部(a anode volume)に入れる。
(iii)陰極入口及び/または出口の温度を監視する。
(iv)いったん、前記陰極入口及び/または出口を通過する流体の温度があらかじめ設定されたレベル(a preset level)を超えると、注水装置を操作して水を前記陰極部に注入する。
(ii)前記燃料電池スタックの陰極空気流入口と連通する(fluid communication)空気圧縮装置(air compressor)を操作して、空気を前記燃料電池スタックの陰極部(a cathode volume)に入れる。
(iii)前記陰極入口及び/または出口の温度を監視する。
(iv)いったん、前記陰極入口及び/または出口を通過する流体の温度があらかじめ設定されたレベル(a preset level)を超えると、注水装置を操作して水を前記陰極部に注入する。
ここで、σvは複数のセルの電圧出力の標準偏差であり、Ppは寄生負荷であり、σとβは定数である。これに代えて、最適化アルゴリズムは、セルの電圧出力の標準偏差を用いてもよく、これを減じて、または最小化してスタック110の出力の最適化をはかってもよい。
上記の式に従った定比バランスのため、水素ガスのモルは酸素ガスのモルの2倍の数量が必要となる。したがって、陰極の定比である2は、陽極システムに入る水素H2のモルと同数のモルの酸素O2が陰極システムを通り抜けることを示している。典型的には、少なくとも2の定比は、通常は閉塞した陰極システム(normally-closed cathode system)の化学反応効率を維持するために必要とされる。開放された陰極システム(opened cathode system)においては、定比が50にもなり、すなわち、これは、存在する水素ガスのモルの25倍の利用可能な酸素ガスのモルがあることを示している。酸素リッチ(oxygen rich)な平衡(balance)に向かう定比の増加は、典型的には、燃料電池スタックの総合性能の増加、及び燃料電池の電圧標準偏差の低下という結果になる。しかしながら、この利用可能な酸素含有量の増加を達成するために、使用される空気配送の方法(典型的には空気圧縮装置133)による寄生負荷の増加が必要とされる。このため、上記のコスト関数は、寄生負荷と燃料電池スタックの電圧出力分散の間の適切な平衡を達成するために、好適に調和される。
ii)陰極及び陽極の入口の流れの温度を上げるための加熱器138,145
iii)図3、図4a及び図4bを参照してさらなる詳細を後述する、燃料電池内の収電器の温度を上げる加熱器330
iv)保水器140(図1)のような、燃料電池スタックへ導入に利用できる液相水の源
v)注水路125と排水路128(図1)を含む、液相水を運ぶ流路の追跡加熱(trace heating)
vi)燃料電池注水口127の周囲の加熱
i)板330a,330bが燃料電池スタック110の収電器の急速な電気加熱を可能とする。
ii)凝縮した水滴による電気ショートを防止するように電気供給部と接続される。
iii)均等な長さの分配路470の使用により、単一の注入口から適当な分配流路への冷却水の均等な分配が可能となる。
iv)陽極及び陰極の入口及び出口の流体が加熱板330a,330bを通り抜けることができる。
v)燃料電池の端部における遅延した温度低下が、結果として、スタックの温度特性のバランス改善となる。
vi)加熱板330がない場合よりも注水を早め、スタック110の中央部におけるセルの過熱を防止できる。
Claims (7)
- 複数の燃料電池を含む燃料電池スタックであって、
前記燃料電池スタックの各端部は、集電板と端板の間に配置された加熱板を有し、
各加熱板は、それぞれの端板から熱的に絶縁されており、
前記加熱板は、水分配路を含んでおり、
前記水分配路は、冷却水を、前記加熱板の反対側の第二面上で、前記加熱板の第一面に連絡する単一注水路から冷却ポートに移し、
前記加熱板は、前記水分配路を加熱する、
燃料電池スタック。 - 請求項1に記載された燃料電池スタックであって、
各加熱板は、前記加熱板上の電気伝導路の形態の加熱素子を含む、
燃料電池スタック。 - 請求項2に記載された燃料電池スタックであって、
前記電気伝導路は、前記燃料電池スタック内の電池反応領域に対応する前記加熱板の部位を横切る蛇行路の形態にある、
燃料電池スタック。 - 請求項2または3に記載された燃料電池スタックであって、
前記電気伝導路は、前記加熱板の表面下に埋設されている、
燃料電池スタック。 - 請求項2または3に記載された燃料電池スタックであって、
前記加熱板は、前記加熱板の端部から延出する一対の端子を含み、
前記端子の各々は互いにエアギャップにより離れている、
燃料電池スタック。 - 請求項1に記載された燃料電池スタックであって、
前記注水路は、前記端板を通り抜けて、前記加熱板の前記第1面へと至る、
燃料電池スタック。 - 請求項1または6に記載された燃料電池スタックであって、
前記水分配路は、前記加熱板の前記第2面上に設けられている
燃料電池スタック。
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JP4180552B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-29 | 2008-11-12 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池の起動方法 |
JP4495578B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-26 | 2010-07-07 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2006172967A (ja) * | 2004-12-17 | 2006-06-29 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池スタック |
KR101077507B1 (ko) * | 2005-03-11 | 2011-10-28 | 비디에프 아이피 홀딩스 리미티드 | 연료 셀 스택들에 대한 동작 정지 방법들 및 디자인들 |
JP4839694B2 (ja) | 2005-06-30 | 2011-12-21 | 株式会社エクォス・リサーチ | 燃料電池システム |
DE102005031422C5 (de) | 2005-07-04 | 2012-09-27 | Hans Sasserath & Co. Kg | Systemtrenner |
US20070141406A1 (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2007-06-21 | Jing Ou | Technique and apparatus to detect carbon monoxide poisoning of a fuel cell stack |
US7976995B2 (en) | 2005-12-27 | 2011-07-12 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell system comprising a voltage limit device |
CN100472872C (zh) * | 2006-02-01 | 2009-03-25 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 直接氧化燃料电池及运行直接氧化燃料电池的方法 |
JP5217172B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-22 | 2013-06-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池スタック構造 |
US8313871B2 (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2012-11-20 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fuel cell heating |
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JP2013201146A (ja) | 2013-10-03 |
US9203100B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
GB0718763D0 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
EP2206185B1 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
WO2009040516A2 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
KR20130112960A (ko) | 2013-10-14 |
MX2010003384A (es) | 2010-04-30 |
GB2453127A (en) | 2009-04-01 |
ZA201002132B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
AR068276A1 (es) | 2009-11-11 |
KR101564705B1 (ko) | 2015-10-30 |
US20150188158A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
CN103178282A (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
TWI453985B (zh) | 2014-09-21 |
CN103178282B (zh) | 2015-10-28 |
KR101555640B1 (ko) | 2015-09-24 |
CN101874324A (zh) | 2010-10-27 |
JP5722957B2 (ja) | 2015-05-27 |
US20170104226A9 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
TW200921982A (en) | 2009-05-16 |
CN101874324B (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
JP2010541149A (ja) | 2010-12-24 |
ES2394957T3 (es) | 2013-02-07 |
JP2013232428A (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
WO2009040516A3 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
US9705141B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
US20100261079A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
EP2206185A2 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
BRPI0818188A2 (pt) | 2015-04-14 |
KR20100058652A (ko) | 2010-06-03 |
CA2700606A1 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
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