JP5698907B2 - 性能の改善された膜電極接合体および燃料電池 - Google Patents
性能の改善された膜電極接合体および燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5698907B2 JP5698907B2 JP2009522159A JP2009522159A JP5698907B2 JP 5698907 B2 JP5698907 B2 JP 5698907B2 JP 2009522159 A JP2009522159 A JP 2009522159A JP 2009522159 A JP2009522159 A JP 2009522159A JP 5698907 B2 JP5698907 B2 JP 5698907B2
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- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005069 octynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005981 pentynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002006 poly(N-vinylimidazole) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002755 poly(epichlorohydrin) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001652 poly(etherketoneketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000052 poly(p-xylylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002577 polybenzoxazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003257 polycarbosilane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002721 polycyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000441 polyisocyanide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003009 polyurethane dispersion Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYUQKZZQKUOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3,5,6-tetramine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=C(N)N=C1N IAYUQKZZQKUOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHGYKYXGIWNSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=NC(C(O)=O)=C1 CHGYKYXGIWNSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JNMRHUJNCSQMMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfathiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CS1 JNMRHUJNCSQMMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- PGOMVYSURVZIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro(nitroso)methane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)N=O PGOMVYSURVZIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003960 triphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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Description
高分子電解質膜が、少なくとも部分的に高分子電解質膜に侵入する強化材を有している膜電極接合体である。
ポリアセタール、ポリオキシメチレン、ポリエーテル、ポリプロピレンオキシド、ポリエピクロロヒドリン、ポリテトラヒドロフラン、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエステル、特にポリヒドロキシ酢酸、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリヒドロキシベンゾエート、ポリヒドロキシプロピオン酸、ポリピバロラクトン、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリマロン酸、ポリカーボネートなどの主鎖にC−O結合を有するポリマー;
ポリスルフィドエーテル、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホンなどの主鎖にC−S結合を有するポリマー;
ポリイミン、ポリイソシアニド、ポリエーテルイミン、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリアニリン、ポリアラミド、ポリアミド、ポリヒドラジド、ポリウレタン、ポリイミド、ポリアゾール、ポリアゾールエーテルケトン、ポリアジンなどの主鎖にC−N結合を有するポリマー;
液体−結晶性のポリマー、特にベクトラ;及び
ポリシラン、ポリカルボシラン、ポリシロキサン、ポリケイ酸、ポリシリケート、シリコーン、ポリフォスファゼン、ポリチアジルなどの無機ポリマーが挙げられる。
Arは、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、単核または多核の四価の芳香族または複素芳香族基であり、
Ar1は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、単核または多核の二価の芳香族または複素芳香族基であり、
Ar2は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、単核または多核の二価または三価の芳香族または複素芳香族基であり、
Ar3は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、単核または多核の三価の芳香族または複素芳香族基であり、
Ar4は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、単核または多核の三価の芳香族または複素芳香族基であり、
Ar5は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、単核または多核の四価の芳香族または複素芳香族基であり、
Ar6は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、単核または多核の二価の芳香族または複素芳香族基であり、
Ar7は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、単核または多核の二価の芳香族または複素芳香族基であり、
Ar8は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、単核または多核の三価の芳香族または複素芳香族基であり、
Ar9は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、単核または多核の二価、三価または四価の芳香族または複素芳香族基であり、
Ar10は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、単核または多核の二価または三価の芳香族または複素芳香族基であり、
Ar11は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、単核または多核の二価の芳香族または複素芳香族基であり、
Xは、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、酸素、硫黄、または一個の水素原子と、炭素原子数が1〜20であり、好ましくは技分かれしていてもよいアルキルまたはアルコキシ基、またはアリール基を他の基としてもつアミノ基であり、
Rは、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素、アルキル基または芳香族基であり、式(XX)中のRは、アルキレン基または芳香族基(ただし、式(XX)のRは水素ではない)であり、
nとmは、それぞれ10以上の整数であり、好ましくは100以上の整数である。]
好ましい芳香族基または複素芳香族基は、必要に応じて置換されていてもよいベンゼンや、ナフタレン、ビフェニル、ジフェニルエーテル、ジフェニルメタン、ジフェニルジメチルメタン、ビスフェノン、ジフェニルスルホン、キノリン、ピリジン、ビピリジン、ピリダジン、ピリミジン、ピラジン、トリアジン、テトラジン、ピロール、ピラゾール、アントラセン、ベンズピロール、ベンゾトリアゾール、ベンゾオキサチアジアゾール、ベンゾオキサジアゾール、ベンゾピリジン、ベンゾピラジン、ベンゾピラジジン、ベンゾピリミジン、ベンゾピラジン、ベンゾトリアジン、インドリジン、キノリジン、ピリドピリジン、イミダゾピリミジン、ピラジノピリミジン、カルバゾール、アジリジン、フェナジン、ベンゾキノリン、フェノキサジン、フェノチアジン、アクリジジン、ベンゾプテリジン、フェナントロリン、フェナントレンに由来する基である。
しかし、用いるポリアゾールは、特に、ポリベンズイミダゾールは、高分子量であることに特徴がある。分子量は、固有粘度として、好ましくは少なくとも0.2dl/g、好ましくは0.8〜10dl/g、特に1〜10dl/gである。
この不職布のメッシュ繊度は、通常8〜140n/cmの範囲であるが、好ましくは50〜90n/cmの範囲である。これは、次の式により求められる。
その結合は、通常繊維自体の接着または続く機械的固化により行われる。
I)ポリマー、特にポリアゾールをリン酸に溶解する工程、
II)工程I)で得た溶液を不活性ガス中で最大400℃まで加熱する工程、
III)強化材を支持体上に設置する工程、
IV)工程II)で得たポリマーの溶液を用いて、必要に応じて間欠的に冷却しながら、強化材が少なくとも部分的に溶液中に侵入するようにして、工程III)の支持体上に膜を形成する工程、および
V)工程III)で得た膜が自立するまで処理する工程、
を含む方法で製造される。
A)一種以上の芳香族のテトラアミノ化合物を、カルボン酸モノマー当たり少なくとも二種の酸基を有する一種以上の芳香族のカルボン酸またはそのエステルと混合して、あるいは一種以上の芳香族及び/又は複素芳香族ジアミノカルボン酸をポリリン酸中で混合して溶液及び/又は分散液を得る工程、
B)強化材を支持体上に設置する工程、
C)工程A)で得た混合物を用いて、強化材が少なくとも部分的に混合物に侵入するように、層を工程B)からの支持体上に形成する工程、
D)工程C)で得た平らな構造物/層を、不活性ガス下で最大350℃、好ましくは最大280℃間で加熱して、ポリアゾールポリマーを形成する工程、および
E)工程D)で形成した膜を(自立するまで)処理する工程、
を有する方法により製造される。
工程D)で述べた温度未満の融点を持つ強化材を用いる場合、工程D)(工程A)からの混合物の加熱)を、工程A)の直後に行うことができる。工程C)は、続く冷却後に実施してもよい。
リン酸の濃度、またしたがってポリマー膜の伝導度は、加水分解の程度、即ち処理時間や温度、周囲の湿度により設定できる。リン酸濃度は、ポリマーの繰返単位のモル数に対する酸のモル数で与えられる。特に高濃度のリン酸での膜は、工程A)〜E)からなる方法により得ることができる。10〜50、特に12〜40の濃度(式(I)の繰返単位一つ当たりのリン酸のモル数、例えばポリベンズイミダゾール)が好ましい。市販の正リン酸を用いるポリアゾールのドーピングでは、このような高度のドーピング度(濃度)を得ることは、極めて難しいか全く不可能である。
1)一種以上の芳香族テトラアミノ化合物を、カルボン酸モノマー当たり少なくとも二種の酸基を持つ一種以上の芳香族のカルボン酸またはそのエステルまたは一種以上の芳香族及び/又は複素芳香族ジアミノカルボン酸と、最高350℃の、好ましくは最高300℃の温度で溶融状態で反応させる工程、
2)工程1)で得られた固体プレポリマーをポリリン酸に溶解する工程、
3)工程2)で得られた溶液を、不活性ガス下で、300℃まで、好ましくは280℃まで加熱して、溶解したポリアゾールポリマーを形成する工程、
4)強化材を支持体上に設置する工程、
5)工程3)のポリアゾールポリマーの溶液を用いて、強化材が少なくとも部分的に溶液に侵入するように、工程4)の支持体上に膜を形成する工程、および
6)工程5)の膜が自立するまで処理する工程。
A)ホスホン酸基を有するモノマーと少なくとも一種のポリマーを含む混合物を生産する工程、
B)強化材を支持体上に設置する工程、
C)工程A)の混合物を用いて、強化材が少なくとも部分的に混合物に侵入するようにして、層を工程B)からの支持体上に形成する工程、および
D)工程C)で得られた平らな構造物中のホスホン酸基を有するモノマーを重合させる工程。
A)ポリアゾールポリマーを有機ホスホン酸無水物中に溶解し、溶液及び/又は分散液を生産する工程、
B)工程A)からの溶液を不活性ガス下で、400℃まで、好ましくは350℃まで、特に300℃までの温度に加熱する工程、
C)強化材を支持体上に設置する工程、
D)工程B)からのポリアゾールポリマーの溶液を用いて、膜を工程C)からの支持体上に形成する工程、および
E)工程D)からの膜を自立するまで処理する工程。
燃料電池の性能に大きな低下をもたらさない。
アノード:アノード触媒は、炭素支持体上のPtである。
アノード:アノード触媒は、炭素支持体上のPtである。
両方の膜電極接合体を、活性表面積が50cm2の燃料電池中で、200℃で350時間(アノードガス:水素、化学量:1.2;カソードガス:空気、化学量:2)、連続的に作動させ、この間の電流電圧特性を記録した。この電圧−電流特性は燃料電池の性能の尺度である。作動期間中、セル抵抗(インピーダンスが1kHzでの測定)を測定した。セル抵抗の変化は、用いた膜電極接合体と流路板間の電気接触の変化の指標である。作動中膜の厚みが減少するとセル抵抗は増加する。
膜電極接合体A:
作動時間[時間] セル抵抗
60時間 2.30 mOhm
200時間 2.90 mOhm
350時間 3.30 mOhm
膜電極接合体B:
作動時間[時間] セル抵抗
60時間 2.05 mOhm
200時間 2.05 mOhm
350時間 2.10 mOhm
Claims (8)
- 高分子電解質膜で分離されたアノードとカソードを有する膜電極接合体であって、
前記高分子電解質膜が、前記高分子電解質膜の中に埋め込まれた強化材を有して、繊維強化されており、
強化材が、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン繊維でなる不織布からなり、そして
前記高分子電解質膜がポリベンズイミダゾールでなり、且つリン酸でドープされており、さらに
当該膜電極接合体を有する燃料電池は、120℃を超える温度で、乾燥反応ガスを用いて5000時間を越える時間の連続運転が可能であり、且つ5000時間を越える連続運転後でも、160℃において少なくとも900mVの開放電圧を示すことを特徴とする膜電極接合体。 - 強化材の最大径が10μm〜500μmの範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 強化材のヤング率が少なくとも5GPaであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 強化材の破断伸度が0.5〜100%であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 高分子電解質膜の全体積に対する強化材の体積率が5体積%〜95体積%の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 酸の含有量が、ポリマーの繰返単位に対して3〜50モルの範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の膜電極接合体。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法であって、
I)ポリベンズイミダゾールをリン酸に溶解する工程、
II)工程I)で得られる溶液を不活性ガス下で400℃までの温度に加熱する工程、
III)強化材を支持体上に設置する工程、
IV)工程II)で得たポリマー溶液を用いて、前記強化材がそのポリマー溶液中に浸入するようにして、工程III)の支持体上に膜を形成する工程、及び
V)工程IV)で得た膜が自立するまで処理する工程、を有する方法により高分子電解質膜を形成し、
VI)前記高分子電解質膜とアノードとカソードとを所望の順で組み立てる、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の膜電極接合体を有することを特徴とする燃料電池。
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KR20140133884A (ko) | 2014-11-20 |
DE102006036019A1 (de) | 2008-02-07 |
US20090258274A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
EP2059964A2 (de) | 2009-05-20 |
CN101523642A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
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JP2009545841A (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
JP5793524B2 (ja) | 2015-10-14 |
CA2659475A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
WO2008014964A2 (de) | 2008-02-07 |
KR101479354B1 (ko) | 2015-01-05 |
WO2008014964A3 (de) | 2008-05-08 |
RU2411616C2 (ru) | 2011-02-10 |
JP2013152938A (ja) | 2013-08-08 |
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