JP5592151B2 - 圧縮着火機関およびそのための排気機構 - Google Patents
圧縮着火機関およびそのための排気機構 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5592151B2 JP5592151B2 JP2010106251A JP2010106251A JP5592151B2 JP 5592151 B2 JP5592151 B2 JP 5592151B2 JP 2010106251 A JP2010106251 A JP 2010106251A JP 2010106251 A JP2010106251 A JP 2010106251A JP 5592151 B2 JP5592151 B2 JP 5592151B2
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- catalyst
- diesel engine
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- palladium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/12—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with compression ignition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
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- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
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- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/915—Catalyst supported on particulate filters
- B01D2255/9155—Wall flow filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
- B01D53/9472—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different zones
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/656—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- F01N2370/00—Selection of materials for exhaust purification
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
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Description
担持されたPd、関連する少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒およびPt触媒を含んでなり、Pd触媒およびPt触媒は、それぞれ別個の粒子状担体材料上に担持されている。あるいは、Pd触媒およびPt触媒は同じ担体上に配置することもできる。
2重量%Pt−アルミナ系触媒(触媒A)、2重量%Pd−アルミナ系触媒(触媒B)、および2重量%Pd−セリア含有触媒(触媒C)を、模擬触媒活性試験(SCAT)ガス装置でHCおよびCO低温活性に関して試験した。各触媒の試料を、表1に示す流動ガス混合物で試験した。使用したガス混合物の温度は、各試験中、100℃から500℃に増加させた。
別の一連の活性試験で、触媒D(1重量%Pt−アルミナ系)、および触媒E(4重量%Pd−セリア系)を、SCATガス装置で、表4に示すガス混合物を使用し、HCおよびCO低温活性に関して試験し、各試料の上を通したガスの温度は、各試験中、100℃から500℃に増加させた。
触媒D(1重量%Pt−アルミナ系)および触媒E(4重量%Pd−セリア系)に対するさらなるSCAT装置試験を、25000ppmのCOおよび2種類の異なった濃度のHC(プロペンまたはトルエンのどちらかを使用する)を含むガス混合物を使用して行った。各触媒の試料を表6に示すガス混合物中に置き、ガスの温度を100℃から500℃に増加させた。HC化学種としてプロペンまたはトルエンのどちらかを使用し、HCの濃度(C1として)を600ppmから3000ppmに増加させた。試験した触媒の活性を表7に示す。
触媒A、触媒Bおよび触媒Cに対するさらなるSCAT装置試験を、10000ppmのCOおよび4種類の異なった濃度のHC(プロペンを使用する)を含むガス混合物を使用して行った。各触媒の試料を表8に示すガス混合物中で試験し、ガスの温度を100℃から500℃に増加させた。HCの濃度(C1として)を600ppmから4500ppm(プロペン)に増加させた。触媒の活性を表9に示す。
別の一連のSCAT試験を触媒C(2重量%Pd−セリア)、触媒F(2.5重量%Pt−アルミナ系)および触媒G(1.25重量%Pt/1重量%Pd−これは触媒Cと触媒Fの混合物である)で、1%のCOおよび3種類の異なったHC化学種を1000ppm(C3)濃度で含むガス混合物を使用して行った。試験手順は前に記載した通りであり、ガス混合物を表10に示す。試験した触媒の活性を表11に示す。
他の金属担体の影響を、ガス混合物3(高COおよびHC濃度)およびガス混合物21(低COおよびHC濃度)で触媒A(2重量%Pd−Al2O3)および触媒C(2重量%Pd−Ce)との比較で評価した。評価した追加触媒は、触媒H(2重量%Pd−酸化Mn)、触媒I(2重量%Pd−Mn:Zr[85.15])および触媒J(2重量%Pd−20%Ba/Al2O3)であった。試験手順は前と同様であり、ガス混合物は表12に示し、触媒活性は表13に示す。
European Stage 3法的必要条件に関して証明された、<10ppm硫黄含有ディーゼル燃料を供給する1.9リットル、コモンレール、直噴式ターボ過給するディーゼル車両に、直径4.66in(118mm)、長さ6in(152mm)のセラミック担持された触媒を取り付けた。触媒Kは、白金触媒を140gft−3(4.85gリットル−1)で被覆し、触媒Lは、白金触媒を70gft−3(2.43gリットル−1)およびパラジウム−セリア触媒をパラジウム装填量70gft−3(2.43gリットル−1)で被覆した。試験の前に、これらの触媒を700℃で5時間エージングさせた。
Claims (22)
- ディーゼル機関であって、
第一の通常走行モード、及び、前記第一の通常走行モードと比較して増加したレベルの一酸化炭素(CO)を含んでなる排ガスを発生する第二モードで作動し得るものであり、
前記ディーゼル機関が、
使用時に前記2つのモード間でエンジン作動を切り換える手段と、
触媒転化器を備えた排気機構とを備え、
前記触媒転化器が、
基材、
前記基材上に配置された第1の担体、
前記第1の担体上に担持された白金(Pt)触媒、
前記基材上に配置された第2の担体、
前記第2の担体上に担持されたパラジウム(Pd)触媒、及び
前記第2の担体上に配置された少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒
を備え、
前記排気機構がNOx吸収体を備え、前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒が前記NOx吸収体の上流に配置され、
(a)前記第2の担体、前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒及び前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒が、前記基材の上流部分に配置され、前記第1の担体及び前記白金(Pt)触媒が前記基材の下流部分に配置され、
又は、
(b)第一層が前記第1の担体及び前記白金(Pt)触媒を有し、前記第一層の上に第二層が設けられ、前記第二層が前記第2の担体、前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒及び前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒を有し、
COが、第二モード作動の際に、前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒により酸化されるディーゼル機関。 - 前記基材が粒子状フィルターを備える、請求項1に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 前記粒子状フィルターが、触媒作用を有する煤フィルター(CSF)である、請求項2に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 前記排気機構が、前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒及び前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒の下流に配置された、触媒作用を有しない粒子状フィルターを備える、請求項1に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 前記NOx吸収体が、少なくとも一種のアルカリ金属、少なくとも一種のアルカリ土類金属、少なくとも一種の希土類金属、又はこれらの2種類以上を含む、請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒が、還元可能な酸化物又は塩基性金属或いはこれらの2種類以上の混合物である、請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 少なくとも一種の前記還元可能な酸化物が、マンガン、鉄、銅、スズ、コバルト又はセリウムの酸化物である、請求項6に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 少なくとも一種の前記還元可能な酸化物が、MnO2、Mn2O3、Fe2O3、SnO2、CuO、CoO及びCeO2の少なくとも一種である、請求項6又は7に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 前記少なくとも一種の塩基性金属が、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属又はランタニド金属、或いはこれらの酸化物又は複合酸化物、或いはこれらの2種類以上の酸化物の混合物である、請求項6に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 前記少なくとも一種のアルカリ土類金属が、バリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、及びストロンチウムから選択され、
前記少なくとも一種のアルカリ金属が、ナトリウム、カリウム、及びセシウムから選択され、
前記少なくとも一種のランタニド金属が、セリウム、プラセオジム、及びランタンから選択される、請求項9に記載のディーゼル機関。 - 前記第1及び第2の担体のうち少なくとも1つが、アルミナ、シリカ−アルミナ、セリア、マグネシア、チタニア、ジルコニア、ゼオライトの少なくとも一種、又はこれらの二種類以上の混合物を含む、請求項1〜10の何れか一項に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 前記第1及び第2の担体のうち少なくとも1つが、少なくとも一種の塩基性金属を含み、
前記少なくとも一種の塩基性金属が、ジルコニウム、セリウム、ランタン、アルミナ、イットリウム、プラセオジム、バリウム及びネオジムから選択される、請求項11に記載のディーゼル機関。 - 前記第1及び第2の担体のうち少なくとも1つが、セリア及びジルコニアを、5:95〜95:5の重量比で含んでなる、請求項12に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 前記触媒が、前記触媒の総重量に対して0.1〜30重量%のPt及びPdを含む、請求項1〜13の何れか一項に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 前記触媒が、95:5〜10:90の重量比でPd対Ptを含む、請求項1〜14の何れか一項に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 前記排気機構が、30〜300g/ft3Pd及び30〜300g/ft3Ptを含む、請求項1〜15の何れか一項に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 前記触媒が、前記触媒の総重量に対して白金(Pt)を0.1〜10重量%、及び触媒の総重量に対してパラジウム(Pd)を0.1〜20重量%で含む、請求項1〜16の何れか一項に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 前記排気機構が、前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒の下流に配置された触媒を備え、
前記触媒が、少なくとも一種のNOx特異的反応物によるNOxの選択的触媒還元(SCR)を触媒作用させる、請求項1〜17の何れか一項に記載のディーゼル機関。 - 排ガス再循環バルブと、
前記排ガスの選択された部分を前記ディーゼル機関の空気取入部に循環させる回路とを包含する、請求項1〜18の何れか一項に記載のディーゼル機関。 - 前記2つのモード間で切り換える手段が、前記白金(Pt)触媒の温度が250℃未満である時に、前記第一の通常走行モードと前記第二モードの間で切り換えるものである、請求項1〜19の何れか一項に記載のディーゼル機関。
- 排気機構を備えたディーゼル機関を操作する方法であって、
前記排気機構が触媒転化器を備え、
前記触媒転化器が、
基材、
前記基材上に配置された第1の担体、
前記第1の担体上に担持された白金(Pt)触媒、
前記基材上に配置された第2の担体、
前記第2の担体上に担持されたパラジウム(Pd)触媒、及び
前記第2の担体上に配置された少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒
を備え、
前記排気機構がNOx吸収体を備え、前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒が前記NOx吸収体の上流に配置され、
(a)前記第2の担体、前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒及び前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒が、前記基材の上流部分に配置され、前記第1の担体及び前記白金(Pt)触媒が前記基材の下流部分に配置され、
又は、
(b)第一層が前記白金(Pt)触媒を有し、前記第一層の上に第二層が設けられ、前記第二層が前記第2の担体、前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒及び前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒を有し、
前記操作する方法が、
前記ディーゼル機関を第一の通常走行モードで走行させることと、
前記第一の通常走行モードと比較して増加したレベルの一酸化炭素(CO)を含む排ガスを発生する第二の走行モードに前記ディーゼル機関を切り換えることとを含み、
前記COが、前記第二モード作動の際に、前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒により酸化され、
前記白金(Pt)触媒の温度が250℃未満である際に、前記第一の通常走行モードから第二の走行モードに切り換えが行われる、
方法。 - ディーゼル機関の排ガス中に、白金(Pt)触媒により触媒作用される反応の速度を増加させる方法であって、
前記排ガス中の一酸化炭素(CO)のレベルを増加させることと、
パラジウム(Pd)触媒及び少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒の上でCOを酸化することにより、前記白金(Pt)触媒を加熱する熱を発生させることとを含み、
前記白金(Pt)触媒は、基材上に配置された第1の担体上に担持され、前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒及び前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒は、前記基材上に配置された第2の担体上に担持され、
(a)前記第2の担体、前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒及び前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒が、前記基材の上流部分に配置され、前記第1の担体及び前記白金(Pt)触媒が前記基材の下流部分に配置され、
又は、
(b)第一層が前記第1の担体及び前記白金(Pt)触媒を有し、前記第一層の上に第二層が設けられ、前記第二層が前記第2の担体、前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒及び前記少なくとも一種の卑金属助触媒を有し、
前記パラジウム(Pd)触媒がNOx吸収体の上流に配置される方法。
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