WO2007114082A1 - 内燃機関排気ガスの浄化方法 - Google Patents
内燃機関排気ガスの浄化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007114082A1 WO2007114082A1 PCT/JP2007/056073 JP2007056073W WO2007114082A1 WO 2007114082 A1 WO2007114082 A1 WO 2007114082A1 JP 2007056073 W JP2007056073 W JP 2007056073W WO 2007114082 A1 WO2007114082 A1 WO 2007114082A1
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- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- temperature
- magnesium
- internal combustion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
- B01D53/9472—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different zones
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
- F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/208—Hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
- B01D2255/2047—Magnesium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0246—Coatings comprising a zeolite
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/08—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a pressure sensor
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine exhaust gas purification method. More specifically, the exhaust gas power of an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine relates to a purification method excellent in removing particulates and the like.
- Diesel particulate filters are used to collect PM (particulate matter) such as black smoke and SOF emitted from internal combustion engines such as diesel engines.
- PM particle matter
- SOF SOF
- a heating device such as an electric heater is arranged in the filter, and the filter is regenerated by burning and removing the PM by heating (Japanese Patent No. 2953409). .
- a diesel exhaust particle filter in which a catalyst component is coated on a filter is also disclosed.
- this method does not require fuel addition to regenerate the filter, but the exhaust pressure continues to rise to around 370 ° C, so there is a problem if the reproducible temperature range is limited. (US Patent Publication No. 5100632).
- Sarakuko is equipped with a continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter in the exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, and the amount of particulate matter collected by the filter for collecting particulate matter is a predetermined value.
- an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine that removes the collected particulate matter by performing a regeneration mode operation when the value exceeds a certain value, the amount of particulate matter collected by the filter is reduced.
- An internal combustion engine comprising: an estimated collection amount estimating means; and a maximum injection amount control means for limiting the maximum injection amount of the internal combustion engine when the particulate matter estimated by the collected amount estimation means is equal to or greater than a predetermined determination value.
- Engine exhaust gas purification systems have also been proposed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-108207).
- the NOx occlusion catalyst used for removing NOx and the like occludes sulfur oxides such as SOx, so that the catalyst performance deteriorates.
- a method of regenerating by introducing a large amount of hydrocarbons and raising the temperature has been proposed.
- this method has a limited temperature range suitable for regeneration (Japanese Patent No. 3747693).
- the method described in the above document has advantages in that the production cost is low and the restriction on the installation location is eased compared to the method using an electric heater, etc., but a large amount of hydrocarbons must be supplied. There is also a problem of poisoning due to hydrocarbons adhering to the catalyst by supplying a large amount of hydrocarbons. This hydrocarbon poisoning occurs when the hydrocarbon is supplied at a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling point of the supplied hydrocarbon when the temperature of the temperature raising catalyst section is low, and is more likely to occur as the concentration of the hydrocarbon increases.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for raising the temperature of exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a purification method that is excellent in removing particulates of exhaust gas power from an internal combustion engine, particularly a diesel engine.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine exhaust gas purification method that enables stable regeneration of a filter for a long period of time in a system that supplies a high-concentration hydrocarbon fuel. is there.
- the temperature increasing catalyst is flown along the flow of the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine. 1.
- a method for purifying exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine characterized by introducing a hydrocarbon in an amount of 1,000 to 40,000 volume ppm in terms of methane to the exhaust gas upstream.
- the temperature raising catalyst is (a) platinum, (b) group power consisting of magnesium, alkaline earth metal and alkali metal, and an oxide of at least one selected metal and (c ) At least one catalytically active component (A) selected from the group power consisting of palladium and rhodium is supported on the refractory inorganic oxide powder (B), and the catalytically active component-supported inorganic oxide powder is refractory tertiary.
- Group power consisting of magnesium, alkaline earth metal and alkali metal At least one selected metal is a group power consisting of magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium and potassium. The method according to (2) above.
- the introduction amount of the hydrocarbon is 5,000-30, 000 in terms of methane with respect to the exhaust gas.
- the above-mentioned exhaust gas temperature raising catalyst has an exhaust gas purification capability.
- an exhaust gas purification catalyst is installed downstream of the exhaust gas temperature raising catalyst with respect to the exhaust gas flow. The method described.
- a hydrocarbon supply device that introduces 1,000-40,000 volume ppm of hydrocarbons into the exhaust gas in terms of methane, and (a) platinum, (b) magnesium, alkaline earth metal Group power consisting of at least one kind of alkali metal and (c) group power consisting of palladium and rhodium catalyst active ingredient consisting of at least one kind of noble metal (A) And a catalyst for temperature increase in which the catalytically active component-supported inorganic oxide powder is supported on a refractory three-dimensional structure.
- the present invention has the configuration as described above, and the force is also selected as a temperature raising catalyst, and a group force consisting of (a) platinum, (b) magnesium, alkaline earth metal and alkali metal is also selected.
- a catalyst containing at least one metal oxide and (c) a catalytically active component (A) comprising at least one noble metal selected from the group consisting of palladium and rhodium is used, This system can stably raise the exhaust gas temperature even when the exhaust gas temperature is low.
- the effect is particularly remarkable when platinum, magnesium and Z or alkaline earth metal, and Z or alkali metal oxide are present at a suitable ratio.
- the exhaust gas temperature is low, high-concentration hydrocarbons can be introduced and the exhaust gas temperature can be raised quickly. Therefore, the effect is remarkable.
- magnesium and Z or alkaline earth metal and Z or alkali metal have an electron donating property, and activate the platinum particle surface when coexisting with platinum. It is conceivable to improve the combustibility against high-concentration hydrocarbons. Another possible cause is that the presence of magnesium and Z or alkaline earth metal and Z or alkali metal facilitates the contact of platinum particles in the coating layer with high-concentration hydrocarbons. Such a specific effect is obtained when the hydrocarbon concentration is low or the temperature at the time of introduction of the hydrocarbon is sufficiently high, that is, when the introduced hydrocarbon is introduced in a gas state, It is thought that the platinum particles present are not seen because they are likely to react with hydrocarbons.
- hydrocarbons introduced in liquid form exist and diffusion is not sufficient.
- magnesium and Z or alkaline earth metal and Z or alkali metal platinum particles in the coat layer are also in contact with hydrocarbons. Combustion reaction is likely to occur.
- the hydrocarbon combustion reaction in which the hydrocarbon-containing carbon-containing component generated when the exhaust gas temperature is low is difficult to adhere to the catalyst surface is stably performed, and stable for a long period of time.
- the exhaust gas temperature can be raised.
- a diesel particulate filter is installed in the subsequent stage of the temperature raising catalyst, the filter can be stably regenerated for a long period of time.
- a NOx storage catalyst is installed at the subsequent stage of the temperature raising catalyst, combustion removal of the accumulated sulfur oxide is stably performed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an outline of an exhaust gas purifier according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention.
- the exhaust pipe 2 communicating with an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine is further connected to the exhaust pipe 2.
- a temperature raising zone 5 filled with a temperature raising catalyst and a filtration zone 6 communicating with the downstream side and installing a diesel particulate filter as necessary are provided.
- the exhaust pipe 2 on the exhaust gas inflow side of the temperature raising region 5 is provided with a fuel supply nozzle provided with a reverse valve or the like (not shown) as necessary as means for supplying the hydrocarbon liquid fuel for temperature raising. 4 and a fuel supply pump 3 communicating with the nozzle 4 are attached. That is, in FIG. 1, the hydrocarbon supply device is the fuel supply pump 3 and the fuel supply nozzle 4.
- the temperature sensor 7 and the pressure sensor are respectively provided at the inlet of the catalyst so that the temperature and pressure of the inlet and outlet of the catalyst can be measured if necessary.
- 10 is provided, and a temperature sensor 8 and a pressure sensor 11 are provided at the outlet, and a temperature sensor 13 and a pressure sensor 12 are provided at the outlet of the filtration zone 6 equipped with a filter, if necessary. Yes.
- Each temperature sensor and pressure sensor signal is connected to the controller 9 and the controller 9 signal is connected to the pump.
- a hydrocarbon-based liquid for example, fuel
- the internal combustion engine 1 for example, a cylinder of a diesel engine by a signal from a controller 9 that is provided with the pump 3 and the fuel supply nozzle 4.
- a controller 9 that is provided with the pump 3 and the fuel supply nozzle 4.
- supply hydrocarbon-based liquid for example, fuel
- hydrocarbon-based liquid for example, fuel
- the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine passes through the exhaust pipe 2 and in the temperature rising region 5 filled with the temperature raising catalyst, the high concentration contained in the exhaust gas.
- the unburned hydrocarbon (HC) is combusted to form water and carbon dioxide, and is discharged out of the system through a filter area 6 filled with a filter and a muffler (not shown).
- the particulates contained in the exhaust gas gradually accumulate in the filtration zone 6 due to the force collected by the particulate filter, so that the pressure applied to the filter rises and the pressure value is constant.
- the filter temperature reaches a certain temperature
- the hydrocarbon liquid fuel is injected from the nozzle 4 and supplied onto the temperature raising catalyst 5 in the temperature raising zone 5.
- the pressure sensor 11 provided between the temperature raising zone 5 and the filtration zone 6 is connected to the filtration zone 6 Therefore, if the measured value exceeds the predetermined pressure, the fuel supply pump 3 is operated according to the command of the controller 9 according to the received value, and if the measured value is lower than the predetermined pressure, The operation of pump 3 is stopped by the command of controller 9.
- the operation of the fuel supply pump 3 is performed according to a command from the controller 9.
- a predetermined value for example, exceeds 700 ° C
- the high-boiling fraction in diesel oil is liquid and the temperature rises.
- the pump 3 is supplied little by little as soon as it adheres to the catalyst surface.
- the operation of the fuel supply pump 3 is stopped by the command of the controller 9.
- the temperature is 330 ° C or higher and lower than 500 ° C, the supply amount of hydrocarbon fuel is adjusted to reach the target temperature.
- the pressure sensor 10 at the inlet 5 of the temperature rising zone 5 is normally installed when the pressure sensor 11 provided between the temperature rising zone 5 and the filtration zone 6 is not installed, and the pressure applied to the temperature rising zone 5 and the filtration zone.
- the differential force between the pressure sensor 10 and the pressure sensor 12 also measures the pressure applied to the temperature rising catalyst and the filtration zone.
- control unit 9 measures the pressure applied to the filter, and then sends the temperature and pressure information about one filter before and after (or inside the filter) to the control unit.
- a fuel supply signal is sent to and filter regeneration control (fuel supply) is started.
- filter regeneration control fuel supply
- Even during fuel supply, the pressure value of the filter is sent to the control unit by the pressure sensor, and regeneration control is stopped when the pressure value drops to a certain value.
- the hydrocarbon may be any hydrocarbon that generates heat from the fuel, such as methane, ethane, propane, gasoline, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, and light oil.
- the amount used is 1,000 to 40,000 ppm by volume in terms of methane with respect to the exhaust gas, preferably ⁇ 5,000 to 30,000 volume ppm, and more preferably ⁇ 5,000 to 20,000 volumes. ppm, most preferably 5,000 to 15,000 volume ppm.
- the introduction site of the hydrocarbon may be upstream of the temperature raising catalyst, but is preferably upstream of the temperature raising catalyst after combustion of the engine.
- engine fuel “After calcination” may be a wake of the engine exhaust gas or may be in the engine.
- the introduction temperature of the hydrocarbon is preferably 200 ° C to 600 ° C, preferably 200 ° C to 350 ° C, more preferably 200 ° C to 300 ° C.
- the temperature raising catalyst used in the present invention is an acid of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of (a) platinum, (b) magnesium, alkali earth metal, and alkali metal.
- C At least one kind of noble metal catalyst active component (A) selected from the group power consisting of palladium and rhodium is supported on the refractory inorganic oxide powder (B), and the catalyst activity is supported. It is preferable that the component-supported refractory inorganic oxide powder is coated on a refractory three-dimensional structure.
- the essential catalytically active components used in the present invention are platinum, magnesium and Z or alkaline earth metal and Z or alkali metal oxide, and palladium and Z or rhodium.
- rhodium is preferred to be in the form of metal rather than in the form of acid, and as the form of palladium, the form of acid is preferred over the metal.
- the amount (total) of platinum and palladium and Z or rhodium used is usually 0.1 per liter of refractory 3D structure.
- ⁇ 20g preferably 0.5 ⁇ 10g. If it is less than 0.1 lg, the catalyst activity after the initial stage and after durability is not sufficient, while if it exceeds 20 g, the catalyst activity cannot be obtained in proportion to the amount used, such being undesirable.
- the mass ratio of platinum (a) to palladium and Z or rhodium (c) (total) in the catalyst for raising temperature that is, (a) Z (c) is 20Zl to lZl, Preferably, it is 5 ⁇ l to 2Zl.
- Platinum starting materials include inorganic compounds such as platinum nitrate, dinitroammineplatinum and chloroplatinic acid, and organic compounds such as bisplatinum, and rhodium starting materials include rhodium nitrate, rhodium chloride and acetic acid. There is rhodium.
- Magnesium and soot or alkaline earth metal and soot or alkali metal include magnesium, calcium, norlium, strontium, sodium, potassium, etc., preferably magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, potassium, etc. Normal In the form of acid salt.
- Mass ratio of magnesium, alkaline earth metal or alkali metal (b ') (sum of magnesium, alkaline earth metal, or alkali metal) to platinum (a) in these oxides (b) (b') Z (a) is from 0.2 Zl to 20 Zl, more preferably from 0.3 1 to 17/1, even more preferably from 0.6 Zl to 5.4 / 1, particularly preferably from 0.6 Zl to 2.2 / 1. Most preferably, from 0.6Z1 to: LZ1.
- magnesium and soot or alkaline earth metal and soot or alkali metal oxides there are nitrates, halides, acetates, etc., and by firing in an oxidizing atmosphere Any material that is in the form of an acid salt can be used.
- the reason for blending magnesium and soot or alkali metal and soot or alkaline earth metal oxide in the temperature rising catalyst is as shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 At 0 ° C and 250 ° C, there is no significant difference in hydrocarbon conversion rate and temperature rise depending on whether or not the acid (b) is added, but at around 225 ° C, there is no addition. Compared with, the difference is very large. In other words, even when the component (b) is not added, it can be burned by adding the component (b) even in a low temperature range where hydrocarbons cannot be combusted. It becomes.
- the effect of the coexistence of platinum, magnesium, and Z or alkaline earth metal and Z or alkali metal in this way is the concentration of the supplied hydrocarbon, the amount of noble metal contained in the catalyst, the space velocity, etc.
- the supply temperature of hydrocarbons is set to a temperature suitable for engine control by the blending ratio of platinum, magnesium, and Z or alkaline earth metal and Z or alkali metal. The effect is remarkable because it becomes possible.
- These noble metals platinum, palladium and Z or rhodium
- magnesium and Z or and alkaline earth metal and Z or alkali metal oxides are simultaneously refractory inorganic oxide powder.
- the slurry may be mixed to form a slurry, but the slurry may be separately formed and supported on a refractory inorganic oxide.
- the refractory inorganic oxide component used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used as a catalyst carrier.
- alumina such as ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , 7? , Titanium, zirconium, silica, or complex oxides thereof, such as alumina titanium
- alumina zircoa, titanium zircoa, alumina monosilica, etc. can be used.
- These refractory inorganic oxide components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- it is at least one selected from the group force consisting of alumina, alumina silica, zircoure, titania, and zeolite, and more preferably alumina.
- Alumina is usually a powder.
- the amount of the refractory inorganic oxide used is usually 10 to 300 g, preferably 50 to 150 g, per liter of the three-dimensional structure. If it is less than 10 g, the precious metal cannot be sufficiently dispersed and the durability is not sufficient.On the other hand, if it exceeds 300 g, the contact state between the noble metal and the hydrocarbon introduced for temperature rise is poor, and the temperature rises. Therefore, it is preferable!
- the BET specific surface area of the refractory inorganic oxide is preferably 50 to 750 m 2 / g, more preferably 150 to 750 m 2 / g.
- the average particle size of the refractory inorganic oxide powder is preferably 0.5 to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to LOO ⁇ m.
- Examples of the fire-resistant three-dimensional structure used in the present invention include a heat-resistant carrier such as a her cam carrier, but an integrally molded her cam structure is preferred.
- a monolithic her cam carrier examples thereof include a metal nonicum carrier, a plug nonicum carrier, and a pellet carrier.
- the monolithic cam carrier what is usually referred to as a ceramic hard cam carrier is sufficient, particularly cordierite, mullite, a-alumina, zircoure, titania, titanium phosphate, aluminum titanate.
- cordierite-based ones are particularly preferred, although a hard-cam carrier made of betalite, sponge, aluminosilicate, or magnesium silicate is preferred.
- an integrated structure using oxidation-resistant heat-resistant metal such as stainless steel or Fe Cr A1 alloy is used.
- These monolith honeycomb carriers are manufactured by an extrusion molding method or a method of winding and hardening a sheet-like element.
- the shape of the gas passage port may be any of a hexagonal shape, a square shape, a triangular shape, or a corrugated shape.
- a cell density (number of cells Z unit cross-sectional area) of 100 to 600 cells Z square inch is sufficient, preferably 200 to 500 cells. Le Z square inches.
- the rib thickness is preferably 3 to 6 mm.
- plug honeycombs There are various types of plug honeycombs.
- cordierite filters and high-heat-resistant carbon carbide filters can be used.
- the aperture has 300 to 400 cells per square inch of the cross-sectional area and the pore diameter of the rib is 10 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the exhaust gas temperature raising catalyst further has an exhaust gas purification capacity.
- the exhaust gas purification capacity is, for example, the ability to convert a part of hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas to carbon dioxide and water, and a part of carbon monoxide. It refers to the ability to convert to oxycarbon, and the ability to convert part of the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen.
- the method for preparing the catalyst for raising the temperature is specifically described. After the platinum salt solution, the magnesium salt, and the Z or alkaline earth metal salt and the aqueous solution of Z or alkali metal salt are mixed and sufficiently stirred, The mixed solution is impregnated into a refractory inorganic oxide powder, dried, and then dried at 300 to 800 ° C, preferably 400 to 600 ° C for 15 minutes to 2 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 1 Bake for hours. Next, the refractory inorganic oxide powder is impregnated with an aqueous palladium and Z or rhodium salt solution, which is similarly dried and fired.
- the noble metal-containing powder thus obtained, the refractory inorganic oxide, the zeolite powder as necessary, and the additional noble metal salt solution as necessary are wet-ground to prepare an aqueous slurry.
- This slurry is coated on a three-dimensional integrated structure, 300-800. C, preferably 400-600.
- C preferably 400-600.
- aqueous slurry is prepared by wet grinding the inorganic oxide powder and, if necessary, the zeolite powder. This slurry is coated on a three-dimensional integrated structure, 300-800. C, preferably 400-600. By calcination with C for 15 minutes to 2 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 1 hour, a temperature raising catalyst is obtained. From the viewpoint of durability, the obtained temperature raising catalyst may be further calcined.
- Zeolite powder used as necessary includes BEA type, MFI type, FER type, FAU type, MOR type, etc., and the preferred crystal structure differs depending on the purpose, so that it is particularly limited. Not.
- a particulate material is used with a three-dimensional structure such as cordierite, carbide, stainless steel, for example, a no-cam carrier.
- a catalyst component such as a diesel particulate filter, a plug filter, etc., or a filter coated with the same catalyst component as the catalyst for raising the temperature, etc.
- other exhaust gas purification catalysts include oxidation catalysts and N 2 O storage catalysts. These exhaust gas purification catalysts can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a diesel particulate filter which preferably uses at least a diesel particulate filter, an oxidation catalyst, and a NOx storage catalyst.
- the diesel particulate filter, the oxidation catalyst, and the NOx storage catalyst generally known ones can be used.
- Example 3 In the method of Example 1, the same method except that an amount of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate corresponding to 1.2 g of magnesium was used instead of an amount of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate corresponding to 0.6 g of magnesium. Catalyst B was obtained. [0068] Example 3
- Example 2 In the method of Example 1, a catalyst was prepared in the same manner except that an amount of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate corresponding to 6 g of magnesium was used instead of an amount of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate corresponding to 0.6 g of magnesium. C was obtained.
- Example 2 In the method of Example 1, the same method except that calcium acetate monohydrate equivalent to calcium 1. Og was used instead of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate equivalent to 0.6 g magnesium. Catalyst D was obtained.
- Example 4 In the method of Example 4, the same procedure except that calcium acetate monohydrate equivalent to calcium 2. Og was used instead of calcium acetate monohydrate equivalent to calcium 1. Og. Catalyst E was obtained by the method.
- Example 10 In the method of Example 8, except that strontium acetate 0.5 hydrate in an amount corresponding to 21.6 g of strontium was used instead of strontium acetate 0.5 hydrate in an amount corresponding to 2.2 g of strontium. Catalyst I was obtained in the same manner. [0075] Example 10
- Example 1 In the method of Example 1, the same method was used except that barium acetate corresponding to 3.4 g of sodium was used instead of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate corresponding to 0.6 g of magnesium. I got ⁇ [.
- catalyst K was obtained in the same manner except that barium acetate corresponding to 6.8 g of barium was used instead of barium acetate corresponding to 3.4 g of norlium. .
- catalyst L was obtained in the same manner except that barium acetate corresponding to 33.9 g of barium was used instead of barium acetate corresponding to 3.4 g of norlium. .
- catalyst M was prepared in the same manner except that potassium acetate equivalent to potassium 1.Og was used instead of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate equivalent to 0.6 g magnesium. Obtained.
- catalyst N was obtained in the same manner except that an amount of potassium acetate corresponding to potassium 1.9 g was used instead of an amount of potassium acetate corresponding to potassium 1.Og.
- catalyst O was obtained in the same manner except that an amount of potassium acetate corresponding to 9.7 g of potassium was used instead of an amount of potassium acetate corresponding to potassium 1.Og.
- Catalyst Z was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that magnesium acetate tetrahydrate was not used in the method of Example 1.
- Evaluation Example 1 Evaluation of catalyst
- the catalysts prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were calcined in air at 800 ° C. for 16 hours.
- the temperature raising catalyst prepared in Examples 1 to 15 or Comparative Example 1 as the temperature raising catalyst in the temperature raising region 5 ( A) to (O) or comparative catalyst (Z) was charged, respectively.
- the temperature was set sensor 7 in front of the temperature increase catalyst 5 to 200 ° C, 225 ° C and 250 ° C at a space velocity 500001T 1 in a two-liter direct injection diesel engine shown in FIG.
- diesel oil was supplied from the fuel supply nozzle in an amount corresponding to a hydrocarbon concentration of 10,000 ppm by volume (methane equivalent) flowing into the temperature rising catalyst.
- catalyst Z2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 16, except that magnesium acetate tetrahydrate was not used.
- Example 16 The catalyst prepared in Example 16 and Comparative Example 2 was calcined in air at 800 ° C. for 16 hours.
- the temperature increasing catalyst (P) prepared in Example 16 as the temperature increasing catalyst in the temperature rising region 5 or the temperature increasing The catalyst (Z2) was charged, and a diesel particulate filter was installed behind it. 3.
- the engine was operated at 2000 rpm until the pressure applied to the front of the filter reached 8 kPa, and particulates were accumulated on the filter.
- the oxidation catalyst inlet temperature was set to 300 ° C, and light oil was added at a flow rate of 45 ml per minute so that the oxidation catalyst inlet temperature was 600 ° C.
- the temperature at the outlet of the acid catalyst after 25 minutes from the addition of light oil and the pressure applied in front of the filter were examined. The results are shown in Table 2.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
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EP07739514.3A EP2000639B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2007-03-23 | Method of purifying exhaust gas from internal combustion engine |
CN2007800110279A CN101410597B (zh) | 2006-03-30 | 2007-03-23 | 内燃机废气净化方法 |
KR1020087018576A KR101172020B1 (ko) | 2006-03-30 | 2007-03-23 | 내연기관 배기가스의 정화 방법 |
JP2008508521A JP5639337B2 (ja) | 2006-03-30 | 2007-03-23 | 内燃機関排気ガスの浄化方法 |
US12/294,296 US8418444B2 (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2007-03-23 | Method for purification of exhaust gas from internal combustion engine |
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EP (1) | EP2000639B2 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5639337B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101172020B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101410597B (ja) |
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2007
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- 2007-03-23 KR KR1020087018576A patent/KR101172020B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-03-23 US US12/294,296 patent/US8418444B2/en active Active
- 2007-03-26 TW TW096110431A patent/TW200736494A/zh unknown
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- 2014-09-17 JP JP2014189119A patent/JP6312210B2/ja active Active
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CN104971625A (zh) * | 2008-03-19 | 2015-10-14 | 优美科触媒日本有限公司 | 内燃机废气净化用催化剂和使用该催化剂的废气净化方法 |
US9254480B2 (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2016-02-09 | Umicore Shokubai Japan Co., Ltd. | Oxidation catalyst for exhaust gas purification, method for producing the same, and exhaust gas purification method using the same |
EP3175917A1 (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2017-06-07 | Umicore Shokubai Japan Co., Ltd. | Oxidation catalyst for exhaust gas purification, method for producing the same, and exhaust gas purification method using the same |
EP3187263A1 (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2017-07-05 | Umicore Shokubai Japan Co., Ltd. | Oxidation catalyst for exhaust gas purification, method for producing the same, and exhaust gas purification method using the same |
EP3178552A1 (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2017-06-14 | Umicore Shokubai Japan Co., Ltd. | Oxidation catalyst for exhaust gas purification, method for producing the same, and exhaust gas purification method using the same |
JP2015142914A (ja) * | 2011-03-24 | 2015-08-06 | ユミコア日本触媒株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用酸化触媒、その製造方法およびそれを用いた排ガス浄化方法 |
JP2015145005A (ja) * | 2011-03-24 | 2015-08-13 | ユミコア日本触媒株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用酸化触媒、その製造方法およびそれを用いた排ガス浄化方法 |
JPWO2012128297A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-24 | 2014-07-24 | ユミコア日本触媒株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用酸化触媒、その製造方法およびそれを用いた排ガス浄化方法 |
WO2012128297A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-24 | 2012-09-27 | 株式会社アイシーティー | 排ガス浄化用酸化触媒、その製造方法およびそれを用いた排ガス浄化方法 |
JP6045490B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-24 | 2016-12-14 | ユミコア日本触媒株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用酸化触媒、その製造方法およびそれを用いた排ガス浄化方法 |
JP2014168764A (ja) * | 2013-03-05 | 2014-09-18 | Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc | ディーゼル排ガス用酸化触媒及びそれを用いたディーゼル排ガスの浄化方法 |
CN105121006A (zh) * | 2013-04-19 | 2015-12-02 | 株式会社科特拉 | 排气净化用催化剂 |
US9522385B2 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2016-12-20 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purifying catalyst |
JP2014210238A (ja) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-11-13 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
WO2014171443A1 (ja) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101172020B1 (ko) | 2012-08-07 |
JP6312210B2 (ja) | 2018-04-18 |
TWI366625B (ja) | 2012-06-21 |
US20090107122A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
JP5639337B2 (ja) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2000639A1 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
EP2000639A4 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
JPWO2007114082A1 (ja) | 2009-08-13 |
EP2000639B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
KR20080114684A (ko) | 2008-12-31 |
CN101410597B (zh) | 2011-07-27 |
EP2000639B2 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
TW200736494A (en) | 2007-10-01 |
JP2015045334A (ja) | 2015-03-12 |
CN101410597A (zh) | 2009-04-15 |
US8418444B2 (en) | 2013-04-16 |
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