JP5516829B2 - 硬化塗膜の製造方法、光学フィルム、及び薄膜成形体の製造方法 - Google Patents
硬化塗膜の製造方法、光学フィルム、及び薄膜成形体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5516829B2 JP5516829B2 JP2013534093A JP2013534093A JP5516829B2 JP 5516829 B2 JP5516829 B2 JP 5516829B2 JP 2013534093 A JP2013534093 A JP 2013534093A JP 2013534093 A JP2013534093 A JP 2013534093A JP 5516829 B2 JP5516829 B2 JP 5516829B2
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IFNXAMCERSVZCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O IFNXAMCERSVZCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08F299/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers
- C08F299/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates
- C08F299/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polyurethanes
- C08F299/065—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polyurethanes from polyurethanes with side or terminal unsaturations
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
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- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/671—Unsaturated compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
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- C08L75/14—Polyurethanes having carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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Description
光のエネルギー(eV)=1240/波長(nm)・・・式〔1〕
例えば、可視光の波長領域は(赤)700nm〜(青紫)400nmであり、光のエネルギーは(赤)1.77eV〜(青紫)3.0eVに相当する。
一般に紫外線硬化性樹脂の硬化反応に用いられる水銀灯では、波長とエネルギーは、高圧水銀灯が360nm(3.4eV)付近であり、低圧水銀灯が255nm(4.9eV)付近である。
しかしながら、多くの物質の原子間結合エネルギーは5〜8eVの範囲であり、励起エネルギーは4eV以上であるので、紫外線領域の光子は高分子重合反応の開始には十分なエネルギーを持たない。
そのため、紫外線励起によりフリーラジカルを生成するためには、「光重合開始剤」(「フォト・イニシエーター」とも呼ばれている。)の存在が不可欠であった。
例えば、β−ケトエステル化合物又はβ−ジケトン化合物と多官能アクリル酸エステルとを触媒の存在下であって、かつ、a)反応温度を60〜140℃、b)前記β−ケトエステル化合物又はβ−ジケトン化合物中のβ−ジカルボニル基に対する前記エステル中のアクリロイル基の比(アクリロイル基:β−ジカルボニル基)が2.5:1 〜 20:1となる条件下に反応させる光硬化性樹脂の製造方法、が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
本発明で用いる紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物は、芳香族骨格を有さないポリオール(A)と、芳香族骨格を有さないポリイソシアネート(B)とを反応させて得られる分子末端にイソシアネート基を有するウレタンプレポリマー(C)に対して、水酸基を有する(メタ)アクリル化合物(D)を付加反応させて得られる分子末端に(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(E)を含有する紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物であり、ケトン系溶剤、アミド系溶剤及びハロゲン化アルキル系溶剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の有機溶剤(F)を0.2〜80質量%含有してなり、且つ、如何なる光重合開始剤も含有しない。
本発明で用いる前記芳香族骨格を有さないポリオール(A)としては、脂肪族ポリオールと脂環族ポリオールがあり、例えば、ポリエステルポリオール、ポリエーテルポリオール、ポリカーボネートポリオール、低分子量グリコールなどが挙げられる。
次に、本発明で用いる芳香族骨格を有さないポリイソシアネート(B)について、以下に説明する。
次いで、本発明で用いる分子末端にイソシアネート基を有するウレタンプレポリマー(C)(以下、「イソシアネート基末端ウレタンプレポリマー(C)」という。)について説明する。
次に、前記イソシアネート基末端ウレタンプレポリマー(C)に付加反応させる、水酸基を有する(メタ)アクリル化合物(D)について説明する。
次いで、本発明で用いる、分子末端に(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(E)(以下、「ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(E)」という。)について説明する。
次いで、前記ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(E)と、ケトン系溶剤、アミド系溶剤及びハロゲン化アルキル系溶剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の芳香族骨格を有さない有機溶剤(F)とを混合することにより、本発明が目的とする、光重合開始剤を含有しない紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物を得ることができる。
本発明でいう薄膜成形体とは、前記前記紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物を用いた硬化塗膜の製造方法により得られる硬化塗膜を基材上に有するものである。前記紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物は、光重合開始剤を一切含有しないにも拘わらず、紫外線照射による速硬化性を有しており、硬化塗膜の経時的な黄変や、未反応物や分解物による接触物に対する汚染がなく、且つ優れた塗工性、透明性、成形性などの性能を有しているので、例えば、薄膜成形体(フィルム、シート)、繊維、塗装、固定剤、包装材料、研磨剤、道路舗装剤、電子電気材料など広範囲の分野に有用である。
本発明の薄膜成形体の製造方法とは、前記硬化塗膜の製造方法により得られる硬化塗膜を基材上に有する薄膜成形体の製造方法であって、前記紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物を基材上に塗工し塗膜を形成し、紫外線を照射して前記塗膜を硬化させ、次いで芳香族骨格を有さない有機溶剤(F)を揮発させて、好ましくは10〜1000μmの範囲、より好ましくは15〜600μmの範囲の薄い厚さの硬化物(例えばフィルム、シートなど)を得る方法などが挙げられる。
反応容器に溶融状態の芳香族骨格を有さないポリオール(A)を仕込み、攪拌を開始する。次いで、所定量の芳香族骨格を有さないポリイソシアネート(B)を発熱に注意しながら仕込み、内温を所定温度に上昇させた後、該温度で所定時間攪拌し、分子末端にイソシアネート基を有するウレタンプレポリマー(C)を得る。
次いで、重合禁止剤と、水酸基を有する(メタ)アクリル化合物(D)を所定量加え、所定時間反応を継続した後、目的の分子末端に(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(E)を得る。
その後、調整液として芳香族骨格を有さない有機溶剤(F)を加えて溶融粘度を調整して、本発明の紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物を得ることができる。
前記〔工程1〕で得た紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物を離型処理の施されたポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム上へナイフコーターにより厚さ200μm以下の所定の厚さに塗工し塗膜を形成して、高圧水銀灯により窒素パージ装置を有する紫外線照射装置で紫外線を照射して、前記塗膜を硬化させる。
更に、前記硬化塗膜を60℃で所定時間養生後、前記有機溶剤(F)を揮発させて、本発明の硬化塗膜を基材上に有する薄膜成形体であるフィルムを得ることができる。
また、本発明では、特に断りのない限り、「部」は「質量部」、「%」は「質量%」である。
尚、本発明で用いた測定方法及び評価方法は、以下の通りである。
本発明で用いるイソシアネート基末端ウレタンプレポリマー(C)のイソシアネート当量(単位:g/eq)は、JIS K 7301に従い測定した値である。
具体的には、ウレタンプレポリマー(C)の試料を三角フラスコに精秤し、乾燥トルエンで溶解させ、ジ−n−ブチルアミン溶液10mlを加えた後、均一にしてから静置し、0.5規定塩酸の標準溶液でブロムクレゾールグリーンを指示薬として用いて中和滴定にて定量した。
実施例及び比較例で得られたウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(E)の溶融粘度(測定温度:50℃、単位:mPa・s)をJIS Z 8803に準拠し、デジタル粘度計 (東京計器株式会社製、型式:DVM−BII)を用いて測定した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物を離型処理の施されたポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム上へナイフコーターにより塗工し塗膜を形成して、120w/cmの高圧水銀灯1灯、窒素パージ装置を有する紫外線照射装置「N2パージ式コンベア付UV照射装置」(株式会社GSユアサ製)で照射光量0.8J/cm2、窒素雰囲気下(酸素濃度1%)の条件下で紫外線を照射して、前記塗膜を硬化させた。
その後、更に温度60±5℃で10分間加熱して使用した有機溶剤を揮発させて、硬化塗膜を基材上に有する薄膜成形体であるフィルム(厚さ100μmのもの)を得た。
前記フィルムの最表層(表面)のベタツキの有無を指触で確認し、下記の基準に従い評価した。
紫外線硬化性(タックフリー)の判定基準
○:ベタツキがなく、指に液状物が付着しない場合、紫外線硬化性に優れる。
×:ベタツキがあり、指に液状物が付着する場合、紫外線硬化性に劣る。
実施例及び比較例で得られたフィルムの厚さ方向のイエローインデックス(YI0)を多光源分光測色計(スガ試験機株式会社製)により測定し、下記の基準に従い評価した。
黄色度の判定基準
○:厚さ方向のYI0が0.6以下の場合、耐黄変性に優れる。
×:厚さ方向のYI0が0.6を超える場合、耐黄変性に劣る。
前記で作成したフィルムを乾燥機中で120℃×72時間暴露し、暴露後の黄色度(イエローインデックス:YI1)を多光源分光測色計(スガ試験機株式会社製)により測定し、下記の基準に従い評価した。
耐変色性の判定基準
○:厚さ方向のYI1が2.0以下の場合、耐変色性に優れる。
×:厚さ方向のYI1が2.0を超える場合、耐変色性に劣る。
前記で作成したフィルムの全光線透過率(%)を、日本電色工業株式会社製NDH−2000を使用し、JIS K7361−1に準拠して測定し下記の基準に従い評価した。
透明性の判定基準
○:全光線透過率が92%以上である場合、透明性に優れる。
×:全光線透過率が92%未満である場合、透明性に劣る。
≪ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(E1)の合成≫
反応容器に、芳香族骨格を有さないポリオール(A)として、50℃の溶融状態のポリオキシテトラメチレングリコール(商品名:PTMG−1000、三菱化学株式会社製、Mnが1000のもの)114質量部を仕込み、攪拌を開始した。
次いで、芳香族骨格を有さないポリイソシアネート(B)として、4,4’−ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート(以下、「H12MDI」と略す。)を100質量部加え、発熱に注意しながら内温を85℃に上昇させた後、温度を保ちながら3時間攪拌し、分子末端にイソシアネート基を有するウレタンプレポリマー(C)を得た。
更に、水酸基を有する(メタ)アクリル化合物(D)として、2−ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート62質量部を発熱に注意しながら序々に加えて、85℃にて2時間攪拌して、ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(E1)を得た。
≪ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(E2)〜(E6)の合成≫
使用するポリオール(A)、ポリイソシアネート(B)、水酸基を有する(メタ)アクリル化合物(D)の夫々の種類、及び使用量を第1表に示すように変更した以外は、合成例1と同様の反応条件にてウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(E2)〜(E6)を得た。
PTMG−1000:ポリオキシテトラメチレングリコール(商標:三菱化学株式会社製、数平均分子量1000)
H12MDI:4,4’−ジシクロへキシルメタンジイソシアネート
IPDI:イソホロンジイソシアネート
MDI:4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート
合成例1で得たウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(E1)100質量部と有機溶剤(F)としてメチルエチルケトン(以下、「MEK」という。)20質量部を混合容器に秤量して、室温にて均一になるまで混合して、紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物を調製した。
上記で調製した紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物をポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)製剥離フィルム上にナイフコーターにより塗工し塗膜を形成した。
塗工後直ぐに120w/cmの高圧水銀灯1灯、窒素パージ装置を有する紫外線照射装置で照射光量0.8J/cm2、窒素雰囲気下(酸素濃度1%以下)で紫外線照射して、前記塗膜を硬化させた。更に、オーブン中60℃で10分間加熱し、有機溶剤を揮発させて、硬化塗膜を基材上に有する薄膜成形体であるフィルム(P1)(厚さ100μmのもの)を作製した。
使用するプレポリマー、有機溶剤の種類、光重合開始剤の有無と種類、及び使用量を第2表及び第3表に示すように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、それぞれ紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物を調製し、前記紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物に紫外線を照射して、厚さ100μmのフィルム(P2)〜(P17)を作製した。
4HBA:4−ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート
HEMA:2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート
PE3A:ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート
PE4A:ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート
MEK:メチルエチルケトン
MIBK:メチルイソブチルケトン
MDI:4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート
PTMG−1000:ポリオキシテトラメチレングリコール(商標:三菱化学株式会社製、数平均分子量1000)
H12MDI:4,4’−ジシクロへキシルメタンジイソシアネート
Claims (6)
- 芳香族骨格を有さないポリオール(A)と芳香族骨格を有さないポリイソシアネート(B)とを反応させて得られる分子末端にイソシアネート基を有するウレタンプレポリマー(C)に対して、水酸基を有する(メタ)アクリル化合物(D)を付加反応させて得られる分子末端に(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(E)と、ケトン系溶剤、アミド系溶剤及びハロゲン化アルキル系溶剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の芳香族骨格を有さない有機溶剤(F)を含む紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物を基材上に塗工し塗膜を形成して、次いで紫外線を照射した後、前記有機溶剤(F)を揮発させて、硬化塗膜を得る硬化塗膜の製造方法であって、前記紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物が前記有機溶剤(F)を0.2〜80質量%含有し、且つ光重合開始剤を含有しないことを特徴とする硬化塗膜の製造方法。
- 前記水酸基を有する(メタ)アクリル化合物(D)が、2−ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、3−ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、4−ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、及びペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレートからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つである請求項1記載の硬化塗膜の製造方法。
- 前記有機溶剤(F)が、メチルエチルケトン、アセトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、ジイソブチルケトン、イソホロン、ジメチルホルムアミド、メチレンクロライド、及びクロロホルムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つである請求項1記載の硬化塗膜の製造方法。
- 前記ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマー(E)のJIS Z 8803に準拠し測定した50℃での溶融粘度が、500〜100000mPa・sの範囲である請求項1記載の硬化塗膜の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の硬化塗膜の製造方法により得られる硬化塗膜を有する光学フィルムであって、前記光学フィルムの膜厚100μmにおけるJIS K7361−1に準拠して測定した全光線透過率が92%以上であることを特徴とする光学フィルム。
- 請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の硬化塗膜の製造方法により得られる硬化塗膜を基材上に有する薄膜成形体の製造方法であって、前記紫外線硬化性ウレタンアクリレート組成物を基材上に塗工し塗膜を形成し、紫外線を照射して前記塗膜を硬化させ、次いで前記有機溶剤(F)を揮発させることを特徴とする薄膜成形体の製造方法。
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