JP5263787B2 - 添加剤を含むリチウム2次電池用電解液及びこれを含むリチウム2次電池 - Google Patents
添加剤を含むリチウム2次電池用電解液及びこれを含むリチウム2次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5263787B2 JP5263787B2 JP2009206230A JP2009206230A JP5263787B2 JP 5263787 B2 JP5263787 B2 JP 5263787B2 JP 2009206230 A JP2009206230 A JP 2009206230A JP 2009206230 A JP2009206230 A JP 2009206230A JP 5263787 B2 JP5263787 B2 JP 5263787B2
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- YWWOHROKOFWJSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5,6-trichloro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(Cl)C=CC(Cl)=CC1Cl YWWOHROKOFWJSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMTGTJVJFGMZKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5,6-trifluoro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(F)C=CC(F)=CC1F ZMTGTJVJFGMZKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPNQJIWBFJUXNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dichloro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(Cl)CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OPNQJIWBFJUXNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTWYQAQAMJSNCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-difluoro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(F)CC=C(F)C=C1 UTWYQAQAMJSNCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCUSDLHJLRGFAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diiodo-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(I)CC=C(I)C=C1 KCUSDLHJLRGFAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNMSBVYZDQGYLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound O=C1OCC(C#N)O1 DNMSBVYZDQGYLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIGQQEOWQNDHJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dichloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1(Cl)COC(=O)O1 HIGQQEOWQNDHJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKDNQLPSWHNCFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dibromo-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound BrC1OC(=O)OC1Br RKDNQLPSWHNCFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQDOUXAQOUQPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound BrC1COC(=O)O1 KQDOUXAQOUQPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1COC(=O)O1 OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPSZQZDENOVTHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1COC(=O)O1 GPSZQZDENOVTHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCEVCXPUGOBVFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dichloro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(Cl)C=CC=CC1Cl PCEVCXPUGOBVFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMTFMQAGUXZMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-difluoro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(F)C=CC=CC1F CMTFMQAGUXZMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTWXIVZRKZIBPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-diiodo-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(I)C=CC=CC1I DTWXIVZRKZIBPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010093 LiAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013417 LiN(SO3C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N as-o-xylenol Natural products CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NKCVNYJQLIWBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonodiperoxoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)OO NKCVNYJQLIWBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005994 diacetyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxacycloundecan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCO1 GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005545 pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluorotoluene Substances FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1 GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
本発明の異なる実施態様は、前記リチウム2次電池用電解液を含むリチウム2次電池を提供する。
また、前記リチウム2次電池用電解液添加剤は、前記スクシノニトリル100質量部に対して、前記アルカンスルトンまたは1,3−(1−プロペンスルトン)を35乃至300質量部、前記ビニルエチレンカーボネートを20乃至150質量部で含む。
LiaA1−bDbE2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5である);LiaG1−bDbO2−cEc(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05である);LiG2−bDbO4−cEc(前記式で、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05である);LiaNi1−b−cCobDcEα(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α≦2である);LiaNi1−b−cCobDcO2−αJα(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である);LiaNi1−b−cCobDcO2−αJ2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である);LiaNi1−b−cMnbDcEα(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α≦2である);LiaNi1−b−cMnbDcO2−αJα(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である);LiaNi1−b−cMnbDcO2−αJ2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である);LiaNibGcLdO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5、0.001≦d≦0.2である);LiaNibGcO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5である);LiaNibCocMndLeO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5、0≦d≦0.5、0.001≦e≦0.2である);LiaNibCocMndO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5、0≦d≦0.5である);LiaNiLbO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.2である);LiaCoLbO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.2である);LiaMnLbO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.2である);LiaMn2LbO4(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.2である);LiaMn2O4(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8である);MO2;MS2;LiMS2;V2O5;LiV2O5;LiQO2;LiNiVO4;Li(3−f)T2(PO4)3(前記式で、0≦f≦2である);Li(3−f)Fe2(PO4)3(前記式で、0≦f≦2である);及びLiFePO4
[上記化学式において、AはNi、Co、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、DはAl、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、Fe、Mg、Sr、V、希土類元素、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、EはO、F、S、P、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、GはCo、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、JはF、S、P、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、LはMg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po、Mn、La、Ce、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、MはTi、Mo、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、QはCr、V、Fe、Sc、Ti、Y、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、TはV、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される。]
前記正極活物質のより具体的な例としては、LiCoO2がある。
LiaA1−bDbE2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5である);LiaG1−bDbO2−cEc(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05である);LiG2−bDbO4−cEc(前記式で、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05である);LiaNi1−b−cCobDcEα(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α≦2である);LiaNi1−b−cCobDcO2−αJα(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である);LiaNi1−b−cCobDcO2−αJ2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である);LiaNi1−b−cMnbDcEα(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α≦2である);LiaNi1−b−cMnbDcO2−αJα(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である);LiaNi1−b−cMnbDcO2−αJ2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である);LiaNibGcLdO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5、0.001≦d≦0.2である);LiaNibGcO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5である);LiaNibCocMndLeO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5、0≦d≦0.5、0.001≦e≦0.2である);LiaNibCocMndO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5、0≦d≦0.5である);LiaNiLbO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.2である);LiaCoLbO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.2である);LiaMnLbO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.2である);LiaMn2LbO4(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.2である);LiaMn2O4(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8である);MO2;MS2;LiMS2;V2O5;LiV2O5;LiQO2;LiNiVO4;Li(3−f)T2(PO4)3(前記式で、0≦f≦2である);Li(3−f)Fe2(PO4)3(前記式で、0≦f≦2である);LiFePO4
前記化学式において、AはNi、Co、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、DはAl、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、Fe、Mg、Sr、V、希土類元素、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、EはO、F、S、P、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、GはCo、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、JはF、S、P、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、LはMg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po、Mn、La、Ce、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、MはTi、Mo、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、QはCr、V、Fe、Sc、Ti、Y、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、TはV、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択されるものである。
前記バインダーは、正極活物質粒子を互いによく付着させ、正極活物質を電流集電体によく付着させる役割を果たし、その代表的な例としては、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ジアセチルセルロース、ポリ塩化ビニル、カルボキシル化されたポリ塩化ビニル、ポリビニルフルオライド、エチレンオキシドを含むポリマー、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリウレタン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、フッ化ポリビニリデン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、スチレン−ブタジエンラバー、アクリレートスチレン−ブタジエンラバー、エポキシ樹脂、ナイロンなどを使用することができるが、これに限定されない。
前記負極活物質としては、リチウムイオンの可逆的な挿入/脱離が可能な物質、リチウム金属、リチウム金属の合金、リチウムのドープ及び脱ドープが可能な物質、または遷移金属酸化物を含む。
[実施例]
(電解液の製造)
<製造例1>
エチレンカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、及びジエチルカーボネートを3:2:5(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネート:ジエチルカーボネート)の質量比で混合し、これに1.3MのLiPF6を混合し、添加剤として、電解液総質量に対して、スクシノニトリル(SN)2質量%、1,3−プロパンスルトン(1、3−PS)2質量%、ビニルエチレンカーボネート(VEC)1質量%を添加して、電解液を製造した。
<製造例2〜27>
添加剤として、電解液総質量に対して、スクシノニトリル、1,3−プロパンスルトン、及びビニルエチレンカーボネートを下記の表1による比率で添加したことを除いては、製造例1と同様に電解液を製造した。
エチレンカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、及びジエチルカーボネートを3:2:5(エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネート:ジエチルカーボネート)の質量比で混合し、これに1.3MのLiPF6を混合して、電解液を製造した。
<比較製造例2〜98>
添加剤として、電解液総質量に対して、スクシノニトリル、1,3−プロパンスルトン、またはビニルエチレンカーボネートを下記の表2による比率で選択的に添加したことを除いては、比較製造例1と同様に電解液を製造した。
<実施例1乃至実施例27>
LiCoO2正極活物質、フッ化ポリビニリデンバインダー、及びSuper−P(MMM社製品)導電剤を94:3:3(LiCoO2:フッ化ポリビニリデン:Super−P)の質量比でN−メチルピロリドン溶媒中で混合して、正極活物質スラリーを製造した。前記正極活物質スラリーを厚さ12μmのアルミニウム集電体上に均一に塗布し、乾燥した後で圧延して、正極を製造した。
シリコンオキシド(SiOx、x=1)の存在下でエチレンガスを900℃、及び真空で分解させて、前記シリコンオキシドの表面にカーボンを蒸着させてコーティングすることによって、負極活物質を製造した。前記カーボンコーティングされたシリコンオキシド(SiOx、x=1)負極活物質及びポリアミドイミド(PAI)バインダーを90:10(カーボンコーティングされたシリコンオキシド:ポリアミドイミド)の質量比でN−メチルピロリドン溶媒中で混合して、負極活物質スラリーを製造した。前記負極活物質スラリーを厚さ12μmの銅集電体上に均一に塗布し、乾燥した後で圧延して、負極を製造した。
前記製造された正極及び負極を使用し、電解液として、各々製造例1乃至製造例27によって製造された電解液を使用して、通常の方法で553450角型電池を製造した。前記製造された角型電池を各々順に実施例1乃至実施例27とした。
前記実施例1乃至27で製造された正極及び負極を使用し、電解液として、各々比較製造例1乃至比較製造例98によって製造された電解液を使用して、通常の方法で553450角型電池を製造した。前記製造された角型電池を各々順に比較例1乃至比較例98とした。
前記実施例1乃至実施例27及び比較例1乃至比較例98で製造された電池を0.2Cで充電した後、0.2Cで放電を1回実施し(化成工程、formation)、次いで、0.5Cで充電した後0.2Cで放電を1回実施した(標準工程、standard)。前記標準工程で測定された放電容量を標準容量とし、下記の表3に示した。
該標準容量を測定した電池を充電電位4.35V及び0.5Cで充電し、60℃のオーブンに入れた。4週間放置した後、電池をオーブンから取り出して室温まで冷やした後、放電電位2.5V及び0.2Cで放電させて、放電容量を測定した。測定された容量を前記標準容量で除して、標準容量に対する容量維持率(%)を求めた。結果を下記の表3に示した。
また、比較例1乃至比較例98の場合、60℃で4週間放置した後の容量維持率が50%乃至65%と劣悪であることが確認された。これに反し、実施例1乃至実施例27の場合、60℃で4週間放置した後の容量維持率が81%乃至89%と優れていることが確認された。
これによって、本発明の一実施態様によるリチウム2次電池用電解液添加剤が、電解液総質量に対して、スクシノニトリル2乃至6質量%、アルカンスルトンまたは1,3−(1−プロペンスルトン)2乃至6質量%、ビニルエチレンカーボネート1乃至3質量%を含む場合に、これを含むリチウム2次電池は、標準容量が減少せず、高温放置時の容量維持率も高く、電池の性能が優れていることが確認される。
4 電極組立体
5 正極
6 負極
7 セパレータ
8 電池ケース
11 キャッププレート
Claims (9)
- 非水性有機溶媒;
リチウム塩;及び
リチウム2次電池用電解液添加剤;を含み、
前記リチウム2次電池用電解液添加剤は、電解液総質量に対して、スクシノニトリル2乃至6質量%、アルカンスルトンまたは1,3−(1−プロペンスルトン)2乃至6質量%、及びビニルエチレンカーボネート1乃至3質量%からなる、リチウム2次電池用電解液。 - 前記リチウム2次電池用電解液添加剤は、前記スクシノニトリル100質量部に対して、前記アルカンスルトンまたは1,3−(1−プロペンスルトン)を35乃至300質量部、前記ビニルエチレンカーボネートを20乃至150質量部で含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム2次電池用電解液。
- 前記アルカンスルトンは1、3−プロパンスルトン、ブタンスルトン、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム2次電池用電解液。
- 正極活物質を含む正極;
負極活物質を含む負極;及び
前記請求項1によるリチウム2次電池用電解液;を含む、リチウム2次電池。 - 前記正極活物質は、下記の化学式で示される化合物から選択される、請求項4に記載のリチウム2次電池。
LiaA1−bDbE2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5である);LiaG1−bDbO2−cEc(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05である);LiG2−bDbO4−cEc(前記式で、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05である);LiaNi1−b−cCobDcEα(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α≦2である);LiaNi1−b−cCobDcO2−αJα(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である);LiaNi1−b−cCobDcO2−αJ2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である);LiaNi1−b−cMnbDcEα(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α≦2である);LiaNi1−b−cMnbDcO2−αJα(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である);LiaNi1−b−cMnbDcO2−αJ2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2である);LiaNibGcLdO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5、0.001≦d≦0.2である);LiaNibGcO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5である);LiaNibCocMndLeO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5、0≦d≦0.5、0.001≦e≦0.2である);LiaNibCocMndO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5、0≦d≦0.5である);LiaNiLbO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.2である);LiaCoLbO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.2である);LiaMnLbO2(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.2である);LiaMn2LbO4(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8、0.001≦b≦0.2である);LiaMn2O4(前記式で、0.90≦a≦1.8である);MO2;MS2;LiMS2;V2O5;LiV2O5;LiQO2;LiNiVO4;Li(3−f)T2(PO4)3(前記式で、0≦f≦2である);Li(3−f)Fe2(PO4)3(前記式で、0≦f≦2である);及びLiFePO4
[上記化学式において、AはNi、Co、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、DはAl、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、Fe、Mg、Sr、V、希土類元素、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、EはO、F、S、P、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、GはCo、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、JはF、S、P、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、LはMg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po、Mn、La、Ce、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、MはTi、Mo、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、QはCr、V、Fe、Sc、Ti、Y、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、TはV、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される。] - 前記正極活物質は、LiCoO2である、請求項5に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記負極活物質は、SiOx(0<x<2)またはカーボンで表面がコーティングされたSiOx(0<x<2)である、請求項4〜6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記リチウム2次電池は、充電電圧が4.3V以上である、請求項4〜7のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記リチウム2次電池は、充電電圧が4.3V乃至4.5Vである、請求項8に記載のリチウム2次電池。
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