JP5192694B2 - 臓器および細胞の生存能力を維持するための組成物 - Google Patents
臓器および細胞の生存能力を維持するための組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- 229940045145 uridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000005167 vascular cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005166 vasculature Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本出願は、その開示内容を参照により本明細書に組み込む2003年5月9日出願の米国特許仮出願第60/469,200号からの優先権の利益を主張する。
本発明は、臓器、組織、および細胞のより長期間の保存、特に移植のために提供された臓器の保存のための組成物、ならびにそれらを製造および使用する方法に関する。
a)第1相は、生理的に適合する濃度/量の水溶性または水分散性の栄養物、および生理的塩類を含み、
b)第2相のナノ粒子は、以下のもの、すなわち、脂質、脂肪酸、ステロール、遊離脂肪酸、任意の細胞増殖因子のうちの1種または複数を含み、
c)2相組成物の重量モル浸透圧濃度は、少なくとも約300mOsM/kgである。
広範には、また、本発明の最も好ましい態様では、本発明の組成物は、2相、すなわち、水性の基本栄養培地およびエマルジョン粒子、例えば、リポソームまたはナノ粒子を含む。基本栄養培地は、アミノ酸、塩、微量元素、ビタミン、単純炭水化物などから選択されるものを含めて、様々な成分の組合せを含む。さらに、この基本栄養培地に、水性培地に溶解または分散した状態で、緩衝剤、抗酸化薬、代用血漿、エネルギー基質、キサンチンオキシダーゼ阻害薬などを含むことができる成分の組合せを補給する。
細胞内ATPエネルギープールを補給し、灌流および保存プロセスの間の好気的代謝に供給するためのエネルギー基質と、
遊離酸素基による再灌流損傷を軽減するための抗酸化薬および/またはキサンチンオキシダーゼ阻害薬である。
本発明の組成物は、通常、2ステップの方法によって調製する。第1ステップは、最終生成物のための構成単位として使用する必要成分の特定の組合せを調製することである。第1ステップの1つの重要な役割は、前述の基本栄養培地であり本明細書ではPremix-Iと呼ぶ、第1相用のプレミックスを調製することである。この第1ステップの最終の役割は、所望の成分が水中でプレミックス、溶解、および/または懸濁された、本明細書でPremix-IIと呼ぶ第2相用のプレミックスを調製することである。次に、微細エマルジョン、例えば、上述の約100nm〜約200nmの平均直径を有するナノ粒子を含むナノ粒子スケールのエマルジョンを得るのに有効な条件下で、マイクロフルイダイザーまたは類似したそのような装置にこのPremix-II組成物を通して加工する。次に、得られるPremix-IIベースのエマルジョン組成物を様々な微量栄養物および他の成分を提供するPremix-Iと混合して、本発明の組成物の製造を完了させる。
調製物I:以下の表1〜4は、本明細書でPremix Iと呼ぶ第1相とPremix IIから製造したナノ粒子を含有する第2相とを含む、1つの好ましい実施形態で存在する成分のための好ましい成分のうちのいくつかおよび重量範囲を要約するものである。表に記載した成分は、すべての加工の完了後に、好ましくは最終組成物1リットル中に存在する量である。本明細書の以下で論じる実施例によって臓器保存組成物を調製する方法により成分を分類するために、説明の便宜上、成分をこれらの表に分類する。別段の定めがない限り、以下の表に示す量はすべて、最終組成物、すなわち、水相とエマルジョン相の双方を含む組成物1リットル当たりのグラムである。
望ましくない反応を回避しつつ均一かつ清澄な水性組成物を得るのに、または不溶性の複合体を形成するのに有効な順番で、成分を溶解または分散させることによって、Premix-Iを調製する。このため、Premix-Iの成分は、すべてが水に完全に溶解または分散されるまでは、一緒に混合しないことが好ましい。本明細書で例示するように、表1、2A〜2C、および表3により記載した成分を3種の異なる出発溶液にそれぞれ加工することが好ましいが、当業者には、この基本組成物は、例示したスキームの変形法によって場合によっては調製されることが理解されよう。次に、表1、2A、2B、2Cおよび3の個々の成分の溶液をベースとする出発物質を組み合わせて、非エマルジョンの基本栄養培地を構成するPremix-Iを調製する。
Premix-IIは、本発明の組成物のエマルジョン形成成分を含む。広範には、これらは、得られるエマルジョン粒子の親水性層、例えば、本発明に従って治療する臓器、組織、または細胞において細胞内で送達されることが望まれる成分を含む。Premix-IIは、得られるエマルジョン粒子の疎水性層、例えば、維持用内分泌因子、乳化を助けるのに適切な薬剤、例えば、湿潤剤および/またはブロック共重合体界面活性剤、ならびに、コレステロールおよび/またはリン酸誘導脂質などの疎水性の相成分を含めて、親水性コア内容物を送達するための生細胞膜との融合を可能にする親油性外層を形成する成分も含む。好ましくは、これらは上記の表4に挙げたものであり、以下の実施例で記述するように組み合わせる。
5000psi以上の圧力での高圧均質化の技術は、当技術分野では「マイクロフルイド化(microfluidation)」として知られている。好ましくは約100nm〜約300nm、より好ましくは約100nm〜約200nmの平均直径を有するサイズ分布が均一なリポソームまたはナノ粒子を作るのにこの方法を使用した。本発明の代替態様では、この粒子の平均直径は200nm未満である。マイクロフルイド化の他に、他の標準の乳化法、例えば、音波処理、バルブを用いた均質化[Thornberg, EおよびLundh, G (1978年) J. Food Sci. 43:1553頁]、ブレード撹拌などを任意選択で使用する。望ましくは、被覆粒子が形成するときに凝集しないようにそれらを安定化するために、水溶性界面活性剤、好ましくは、ポリプロピレンオキシド-ポリエチレンオキシドブロック共重合体界面活性剤(例えば、BASF社から市販されているプルロニックF-68)および/またはTWEEN80など分子量数千ダルトンの両親媒性ブロック共重合体を水溶液に加える。界面活性剤は、(超)音波処理法を使用する場合は、その効果を高めるのにも役立つ。
1. 1を計量し、WFI水中で混ぜながら溶解させる。
1. グループ1を計量し、少量の5NAOHおよびWFI中に溶解させる。
1. 表9の内容物を調製物IおよびPremixIIについて前述した同じマイクロフルイド化ステップにかけた。
1. 化学物質を計量し、完全に溶解するまでWFI中で溶解させる。
以下の実施例は、本発明をさらに理解するのに役立つ。これらの実施例は、決して本発明の有効範囲を制限しようとするものではない。溶液を調製した各事例において、含めた各成分の量は、参照先の各表に示した範囲の中点値とした。
溶液1の調製:適切な天秤を用いて、上記の表1に記載した各成分(記載範囲の中点値を使用)の10,000倍濃縮物を調製した。含めた各成分の量は、表に示した範囲の中点値とした。便宜上、これらの成分のうちのいくつかについては原液を以下のように前もって調製し、適切な量の原液を溶液1中に混合した。
0.130グラムの硫酸銅を計量し、1000mlのWFIグレード水中に混合した。必要なら、完全に溶解するまで、混ぜながら5N HClを滴加した。溶解するまでこれを混合し、-20℃で保存した。
5.0グラムの硫酸第二鉄、0.5グラムの硝酸第二鉄、および4.3グラムの硫酸亜鉛を計量し、1000mlのWFIグレード水に溶かすことにより、この原液を調製した。必要なら、完全に溶解するまで5N HClを滴加することによりpHを低下させて溶解を促進した。この溶液を-20℃で保存した。バッチ(最終生成物の最終体積)1リットル当たり0.1mlを使用した。
0.040グラムのビオチンを計量し、5mlのWFIグレード水に溶かすことにより、ビオチン原液を調製した。必要に応じて、完全に溶解するまで混合している間、5N HClを滴加した。1000mlに調整し、-20℃で保存した。最終溶液1リットル当たり0.01mlを使用した。
0.670グラムのビタミンB-12および0.370グラムのチミジンを計量して1000mlのWFIグレード水中に溶かし、完全に溶解するまで混合することにより、この原液を調製し、-20℃で保存した。最終溶液1リットル当たり1mlを使用した。
Premix-IIのための成分の量は、上記の表4に示す記載範囲の中点値を用いる。便宜上、Premix-2のいくつかの成分を最初に原液として調製し、次に、Premix-IIの調製に適切な体積で使用した。原液は以下の通りであった。
0.052グラムのHGF、0.050グラムのトリヨード-L-チロキシン、0.050グラムのVEGF、および0.030グラムのEGFを計量して1000mlのWFIグレード水中に溶かし、完全に溶解するまで混合することにより、この原液を調製した。バッチサイズは0.1mlで計算し、ステップ4/処理4の溶液に加えた。-20℃で保存した。最終溶液1リットル当たり0.1mlを使用した。
0.95グラムのヒドロコルチゾンを計量して10mlの95%EtOHに溶かし、完全に溶解するまで混合することにより、この原液を調製した。バッチサイズは1mlで計算し、この原液を以下のステップ2の溶液に加えた。2〜8℃で保存した。最終溶液1リットル当たり1mlを使用した。
0.034グラムのPGE1を計量して1000mlのWFIグレード水に溶かすことにより調製し、完全に溶解するまで混合した。バッチサイズは1mlで計算し、以下のステップ4の溶液に加えた。-20℃で保存した。最終溶液1リットル当たり1mlを使用した。
0.095グラムのPDGFを計量して1000mlのWFIグレード水に溶かし、完全に溶解するまで混合することによりこの原液を調製した。バッチサイズは0.01mlで計算し、以下のステップ4の溶液に加えた。-20℃で保存した。最終溶液1リットル当たり0.01mlを使用した。
以下のようにして、上記の実施例1および2のPremix-I組成物およびPremix-II組成物から調製物Iを調製した。
VIASPAN(登録商標)との比較
実施例3で調製した調製物Iの腎臓保存に対する有効性を、これまでの「最も標準的な(gold standard)」VIASPAN(登録商標)(Barr Laboratories社)の保存特性と比べて確認および評価した。
全身麻酔下で、1〜2歳の非近交系の雄の猟犬1匹から両側の腎臓を摘出し、続いて直ちに安楽死させた。
ベースラインおよび1時間時点のサンプルから得た両方の腎臓の標本を同様に保存した。(本発明の組成物を用いて保存された)右の腎臓から取り出した生検標本の方が、4、8、および24時間の時点で保存状態が優れていた。
溶液1の調製:アスコルビン酸、カタラーゼ、SOD、L-システイン、タウリン、およびメチオニンを計量し、WFI水中で混ぜながら溶解した。次に、ビタミンEおよびメルカプトエタノールを95%ETOH中に溶解した。硫酸亜鉛、セレン、および硫酸銅成分の1000倍濃縮物を作った。材料の最初の2グループを混合し、濃縮物の最終バッチ体積1リットル当たり1mlをこの溶液に加えた。25グラム/リットルのデキストラン70およびHSAをこの溶液に加えた。使用した各成分は、表6に示す範囲の中点値の量を計量した。
表4の代わりに表9の成分を使用した点以外は、実施例2の方法を繰り返した。
実施例3の方法に従って、上記の実施例4〜6のPremix-I組成物およびPremix-II組成物から調製物IIを調製した。
この研究では、本明細書では調製物IIと呼ぶ実施例7の溶液(組成物)を、静的な保存環境において2〜8℃で、新鮮なヒツジ腎臓を使用し、摘出後+/-時間の虚血性損傷を指標としてVIASPANと比較した。新しく屠殺したヒツジから腎臓を取り出し、直ちに氷上に置いた。研究室に戻した後、それらを無菌的に解剖して脂肪組織をすべて取り除き、腎動脈を単離した。時間=0で両方の腎臓を計量した。腎臓の色、質感、および密度は正常のようであった。洗浄液が透明になり、100%洗浄液として血液や他の不要物質の痕跡が無くなるまで、各腎臓を洗浄した。溶液で洗浄した直後(T=0)に各腎臓の生検材料を取った。生検はすべて、腎臓の外側の皮質および大弯のくさび状生検であった。次に、洗浄に使用したのと同一の溶液(VIASPAN(登録商標)(腎臓A)または調製物II(腎臓B)のいずれか)を含む容器中に各腎臓(A&B)を入れた。生検のときしか開けない冷却箱中に個々の容器を入れた。VIASPAN(登録商標)または本発明の調製物IIの溶液で保存後12、24、36、48、60、72、および96時間に引き続き生検を取った。組織病理学的評価まで、腎臓の生検材料を10%ホルマリン中で保存した。
無間質ヘモグロビンを市販の供給源から得、または例えば参照により本明細書に組み込む米国特許第5,674,528号により記載されているように、当技術分野で既知の方法によって、濃縮赤血球から単離し、濃度50%(w/v)に標準化する。
この実施例では、調製物Iとして特定する実施例3の組成物を、細胞培養培地として機能するその能力を証明するために試験した。ヒト腎臓細胞を十分な量の調製物Iを含む容器中に蒔き、4℃および37℃で細胞培養培地としてこの物質を用いて細胞増殖および生存能力を実証した。72時間後に、生細胞が正常な形態および生存能力を示す健康な細胞集団に増殖できることが実証された。
Claims (20)
- 基本栄養培地を含む第1相と、
親油性外被膜および親水性内部コアを含むナノ粒子を含む第2相と
を含む細胞生存能力を維持するための2相組成物であって、
a)前記第1相は、生理的に適合する濃度の水溶性または水分散性の栄養物、および生理的塩類を含み、
b)前記第2相の前記ナノ粒子は、脂質、脂肪酸、ステロール、および遊離脂肪酸を含み、
c)前記2相組成物の重量モル浸透圧濃度は、少なくとも300mOsM/kgであり、
前記ナノ粒子の平均直径は100nm〜300nmであり、
前記ナノ粒子の親水性内部コアは、酸素を結合および放出できる成分を含む溶液または懸濁液を含み、
第1相が
(i)表1、2A、2B、2Cおよび3
に記載の成分、または
(ii)表6、7A、7B、7Cおよび8
に記載の成分
[表中、各成分の量は第1相と第2相を合わせた1リットルの全バッチ体積に基づく]
を含み、
第2相が
(iii)マイクロフルイダイザーにより乳化させた表4
に記載の成分、または
(iv)マイクロフルイダイザーにより乳化させた表9および10
に記載の成分
[表中、各成分の量は第1相と第2相を合わせた1リットルの全バッチ体積に基づく]
を含む、前記2相組成物。 - 前記2相組成物の重量モル浸透圧濃度が385〜425mOsM/kgの範囲である、請求項1に記載の2相組成物。
- pHが7.2〜7.4である、請求項1に記載の2相組成物。
- 前記ナノ粒子の平均直径が100nm〜200nmである、請求項1に記載の2相組成物。
- 細胞増殖因子をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の2相組成物。
- 前記細胞増殖因子が、上皮および内皮の増殖因子、血管内皮増殖因子、血小板由来内皮増殖因子、上皮増殖因子、肝細胞増殖因子、ならびにそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の2相組成物。
- 前記親油性外被膜が、オレイン酸、リノール酸、およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される遊離脂肪酸を含む、請求項1に記載の2相組成物。
- 前記酸素を結合および放出できる成分がヘムタンパク質である、請求項1に記載の2相組成物。
- 前記親水性内部コアが生物活性成分を含む、請求項1に記載の2相組成物。
- 親油性外被膜と酸素を結合および放出できる成分を含む溶液または懸濁液を含む親水性内部コアとを有するナノ粒子を含む組成物と混合された請求項1の組成物を含む3相組成物。
- 前記酸素を結合および放出できる成分がヘムタンパク質である、請求項10に記載の3相組成物。
- 親油性外被膜と生物活性成分を含む親水性内部コアとを有するナノ粒子を含む組成物と混合された請求項1に記載の組成物を含む3相組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の2相組成物を調製するための方法であって、少なくとも300mOsM/kgの重量モル浸透圧濃度を有する最終の2相組成物を調製するのに十分な条件下で、生理的に適合する濃度の水溶性または水分散性の栄養物、および生理的塩類を含有する基本栄養培地を含む液状の第1相を、親油性外被膜と親水性内部コアとを含むナノ粒子を含む液状の第2相と混合することを含む方法。
- 哺乳動物の細胞または組織を保存する方法であって、前記細胞または組織を十分な量の請求項1に記載の組成物中に置くことを含む方法。
- ex vivoで哺乳動物臓器を保存する方法であって、臓器を有効量の請求項1に記載の組成物中に置くことを含む方法。
- 前記臓器が腎臓、心臓、肝臓、肺、皮膚、動脈、およびそれらの機能部分からなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- ex vivoで哺乳動物の腎臓を保存する方法であって、腎臓を有効量の請求項1に記載の組成物を用いて灌流させることを含む方法。
- ex vivoで哺乳動物の細胞および組織からなる群のメンバーの健康を維持する方法であって、前記メンバーを十分な量の請求項1に記載の組成物中に置き、かつ前記メンバーを20〜37℃の範囲である非低温温度に維持することを含む方法。
- ex vivoで哺乳動物の心臓を保存する方法であって、心臓を有効量の請求項1に記載の組成物と接触させるか、または前記組成物を用いて灌流させる方法。
- 各成分の量が、各表に記載された範囲の中点値である、請求項1に記載の2相組成物。
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