JP5091672B2 - ハニカム構造体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ハニカム構造体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5091672B2 JP5091672B2 JP2007522179A JP2007522179A JP5091672B2 JP 5091672 B2 JP5091672 B2 JP 5091672B2 JP 2007522179 A JP2007522179 A JP 2007522179A JP 2007522179 A JP2007522179 A JP 2007522179A JP 5091672 B2 JP5091672 B2 JP 5091672B2
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- Prior art keywords
- honeycomb structure
- honeycomb
- particles
- cross
- alumina
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;borate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
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- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2451—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure
- B01D46/2455—Honeycomb filters characterized by the geometrical structure, shape, pattern or configuration or parameters related to the geometry of the structure of the whole honeycomb or segments
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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Description
前記無機バインダは、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、チタニアゾル、水ガラス、セピオライト及びアタパルジャイトからなる群より選択される一種以上であることが望ましい。これにより、ハニカムユニットを焼成する温度を低くしても十分な強度を得ることができる。
本発明のハニカム構造体の製造方法は、多数の貫通孔が隔壁を隔てて長手方向に並設されているハニカムユニットがシール材層を介して複数個結束されていると共に、前記貫通孔が開口していない外周面にコーティング材層が形成されており、前記長手方向に垂直な断面の真円度が1.0mm以上2.5mm以下である円筒状のハニカム構造体を製造する方法であって、セラミック粒子と、無機繊維及び/又はウィスカと、無機バインダを含有する組成物を押出成形してハニカムユニット成形体を作製する工程と、該ハニカムユニット成形体を600℃以上1200℃以下で焼成して前記ハニカムユニットを作製する工程を有し、前記ハニカムユニットは、前記長手方向に垂直な断面における断面積が5cm 2 以上50cm 2 以下であり、前記セラミック粒子は、アルミナ粒子、シリカ粒子、ジルコニア粒子、チタニア粒子、セリア粒子、ムライト粒子及びゼオライト粒子からなる群より選択される一種以上である。これにより、熱衝撃や振動に対する強度が高く、触媒成分を高分散させると共にハニカム構造体を把持する容器からのずれを抑制することが可能なハニカム構造体を提供することができる。また、外周面を保護して強度を高めることができる。さらに、ハニカムユニットの比表面積を向上させることができる。
[実施例1]
まず、セラミック粒子としての、γアルミナ粒子(平均粒径2μm)40重量部、無機繊維としての、シリカ−アルミナ繊維(平均繊維径10μm、平均繊維長100μm、アスペクト比10)10重量部、無機バインダの原料としての、シリカゾル(固体濃度30重量%)50重量部を混合し、得られた混合物100重量部に対して有機バインダとして、メチルセルロース6重量部、可塑剤及び潤滑剤を少量加えた後、さらに混合、混練して混合組成物を得た。次に、この混合組成物を押出成形機により押出成形を行い、生の成形体を得た。
表1に示す形状となるようにした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカム構造体10を作製した。比較例1、実施例2、参考例1の接合体の形状をそれぞれ図4B〜Dに示し、実施例3、比較例2、3の接合体の形状をそれぞれ図5A〜Cに示す。比較例3は、ハニカム構造体10を一体成形したものであるため、接合工程及び切断工程は行わなかった。
[実施例4〜6、比較例4、5]
真円度が表1に示す値となるようにコーティング材層を形成した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカム構造体10を作製した。なお、実施例4〜6、比較例4、5の接合体の形状は、図4Aのものと同様である。
[参考例2〜5、比較例6〜8]
セラミック粒子として、チタニア粒子(平均粒径2μm)を用い、表1に示す形状となるようにした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカムユニット11を作製し、続いてシール材層とコーティング材層のセラミック粒子として、チタニア粒子(平均粒径2μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカム構造体10を作製した。なお、参考例2、比較例6、参考例3、4の接合体の形状は、それぞれ図4A〜Dのものと同様であり、参考例5、比較例7、8の接合体の形状は、それぞれ図5A〜Cのものと同様である。また、比較例8は、ハニカム構造体10を一体成形したものである。
[参考例6〜9、比較例9〜11]
セラミック粒子として、シリカ粒子(平均粒径2μm)を用い、表1に示す形状となるようにした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカムユニット11を作製し、続いてシール材層とコーティング材層のセラミック粒子として、シリカ粒子(平均粒径2μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカム構造体10を作製した。なお、参考例6、比較例9、参考例7、8の接合体の形状はそれぞれ図4A〜Dのものと同様であり、参考例9、比較例10、11の接合体の形状は、それぞれ図5A〜Cのものと同様である。また、比較例11は、ハニカム構造体10を一体成形したものである。
[参考例10〜13、比較例12〜15]
セラミック粒子として、ジルコニア粒子(平均粒径2μm)を用い、表1に示す形状となるようにした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカムユニット11を作製し、続いてシール材層とコーティング材層のセラミック粒子として、ジルコニア粒子(平均粒径2μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカム構造体10を作製した。なお、参考例10、比較例12、参考例11、12の接合体の形状は、それぞれ図4A〜Dのものと同様であり、参考例13、比較例13、14の接合体の形状は、それぞれ図5A〜Cのものと同様である。また、比較例14は、ハニカム構造体10を一体成形したものである。
[比較例15]
貫通孔内部に触媒担持層であるアルミナを形成させている、市販の円柱状(直径143.8mm、長さ150mm)のコージェライトハニカム構造体10を用いた。なお、セル形状は、六角形であり、セル密度は、62個/cm2(400cpsi)、壁厚は0.18mmであった。なお、正面から見たハニカム構造体の形状は、図5Cのものと同様である。
[参考例14〜18]
無機繊維として、表2に示す形状のシリカ−アルミナ繊維を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカムユニット11を作製し、続いてシール材層とコーティング材層のシリカ−アルミナ繊維として、ハニカムユニットと同じシリカ−アルミナ繊維を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカム構造体10を作製した。なお、参考例14〜18の接合体の形状は、図4Aのものと同様である。
表3に示すように、ハニカムユニットの断面積及びハニカムユニットを接合させるシール材層の厚みを変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカム構造体10を作製した。なお、参考例19、20の接合体の形状は、図4Aのものと同様であり、参考例21、22の接合体の形状は、図4Cのものと同様である。
表3に示すように、無機バインダの原料として、アルミナゾル(固体濃度30重量%)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカム構造体10を作製した。
[参考例24、25]
表3に示すように、無機バインダの原料として、セピオライト、アタパルジャイトを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカム構造体10を作製した。具体的には、γアルミナ粒子(平均粒径2μm)40重量部、シリカ−アルミナ繊維(平均繊維径10μm、平均繊維長100μm、アスペクト比10)10重量部、無機バインダの原料15重量部及び水35重量部を混合し、実施例1と同様に有機バインダ、可塑剤及び潤滑剤を加えて成形、焼成を行い、ハニカムユニット11を得た。次に、実施例1と同様のシール材ペーストにより、このハニカムユニット11を複数接合し、得られた接合体を切断し、コーティング材層16を形成させ、円柱状(直径143.8mm、長さ150mm)のハニカム構造体10を得た。
[参考例26]
表3に示すように、無機バインダを用いない以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカム構造体10を作製した。具体的には、γアルミナ粒子(平均粒径2μm)50重量部、シリカ−アルミナ繊維(平均繊維径10μm、平均繊維長100μm、アスペクト比10)15重量部及び水35重量部を混合し、実施例1と同様に有機バインダ、可塑剤及び潤滑剤を加えて成形し、この成形体を1000℃で焼成し、ハニカムユニット11を得た。次に、実験例1と同様のシール材ペーストにより、このハニカムユニット11を複数接合し、得られた接合体を切断し、コーティング材層16を形成させ、円柱状(直径143.8mm、長さ150mm)のハニカム構造体10を得た。
[比表面積測定]
ハニカム構造体の比表面積は、以下のようにして測定した。まず、ハニカムユニット11及びシール材の体積を実測し、ハニカム構造体の体積に対するユニットの材料が占める割合A(体積%)を計算した。次に、ハニカムユニット11の単位重量当たりのBET比表面積B(m2/g)を測定した。BET比表面積は、BET測定装置MicromeriticsフローソーブII−2300(島津製作所社製)を用いて、日本工業規格で定められるJIS−R−1626(1996)に準じて1点法により測定した。測定には、円柱形状の小片(直径15mm、長さ15mm)に切り出したサンプルを用いた。そして、ハニカムユニット11の見かけ密度C(g/L)をハニカムユニット11の重量と外形の体積から計算し、ハニカム構造体の比表面積S(m2/L)を、式
S=(A/100)×B×C
から求めた。なお、ここでのハニカム構造体の比表面積は、ハニカム構造体の見かけ体積当たりの比表面積のことをいう。
[熱衝撃・振動繰り返し試験]
ハニカム構造体の熱衝撃・振動繰り返し試験を以下のようにして行った。熱衝撃試験は、アルミナ繊維からなる断熱材のアルミナマットであるマフテック(三菱化学社製;46.5cm×15cm、厚み6mm)をハニカム構造体の外周面に巻き、金属ケーシング21に入れた状態で600℃に設定された焼成炉に投入し、10分間加熱し、焼成炉から取り出し、室温まで急冷して行った。次に、ハニカム構造体をこの金属ケーシングに入れたまま振動試験を行った。図6Aに、振動試験に用いた振動装置20の正面図を、図6Bに、振動装置20の側面図を示す。ハニカム構造体を入れた金属ケーシング21を台座22の上に置き、略U字状の固定具23をネジ24によって締めて金属ケーシング21を固定した。すると、金属ケーシング21は、台座22と固定具23と一体となった状態で振動可能となる。振動試験は、周波数160Hz、加速度30G、振幅0.58mm、保持時間10時間、室温、振動方向Z軸方向(鉛直方向)の条件で行った。この熱衝撃試験と振動試験とを交互にそれぞれ10回繰り返し、試験前のハニカム構造体の重量T0と試験後の重量Tiを測定し、式
G=100×(T0−Ti)/T0
を用いて重量減少率Gを求めた。
[圧力損失測定]
ハニカム構造体の圧力損失測定を以下のようにして行った。図7に、圧力損失測定装置40を示す。2Lのコモンレール式ディーゼルエンジンの排気管にアルミナマットを巻いたハニカム構造体を金属ケーシングにいれて配置し、ハニカム構造体の前後に圧力計を取り付けて測定した。なお、測定条件は、エンジン回転数を1500rpm、トルク50Nmに設定し、運転開始から5分後の差圧を測定した。
[ずれ試験]
マフテック(三菱化学社製;46.5cm×15cm、厚み6mm)をハニカム構造体の外周面に巻き、金属ケーシング21に入れた状態で、ハニカム構造体の貫通孔の方向が水平方向となるように振動装置20(図6A及びB参照)にセットし、保持時間を120時間にした以外は、上述と同様に振動させて、ずれの大きさを測定した。なお、ずれの大きさが1mm未満である場合を○、1mm以上10mm未満である場合を△、10mm以上である場合を×として、判定した。
[評価結果]
表4に、熱衝撃・振動繰り返し試験の重量減少率G、圧力損失及びずれの大きさの評価結果を示す。
Claims (9)
- 多数の貫通孔が隔壁を隔てて長手方向に並設されているハニカムユニットがシール材層を介して複数個結束されていると共に、前記貫通孔が開口していない外周面にコーティング材層が形成されており、前記長手方向に垂直な断面の真円度が1.0mm以上2.5mm以下である円筒状のハニカム構造体であって、
前記ハニカムユニットは、セラミック粒子と、無機繊維及び/又はウィスカを含有し、前記長手方向に垂直な断面における断面積が5cm2以上50cm2以下であり、
前記セラミック粒子は、アルミナ粒子、シリカ粒子、ジルコニア粒子、チタニア粒子、セリア粒子、ムライト粒子及びゼオライト粒子からなる群より選択される一種以上であることを特徴とするハニカム構造体。 - 前記長手方向に垂直な断面における断面積に対する該断面における前記ハニカムユニットの断面積の総和の比が85%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のハニカム構造体。
- 前記無機繊維及び/又はウィスカは、アルミナ繊維、シリカ繊維、炭化ケイ素繊維、シリカ−アルミナ繊維、ガラス繊維、チタン酸カリウム繊維、ホウ酸アルミニウム繊維、アルミナウィスカ、シリカウィスカ、炭化ケイ素ウィスカ、シリカ−アルミナウィスカ、ガラスウィスカ、チタン酸カリウムウィスカ及びホウ酸アルミニウムウィスカからなる群より選択される一種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のハニカム構造体。
- 前記ハニカムユニットは、前記セラミック粒子と、前記無機繊維及び/又はウィスカと、無機バインダを含有する組成物を押出成形することにより製造されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
- 前記無機バインダは、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、チタニアゾル、水ガラス、セピオライト及びアタパルジャイトからなる群より選択される一種以上であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のハニカム構造体。
- 触媒成分が担持されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
- 前記触媒成分は、貴金属、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属及び酸化物からなる群より選択される一種以上の成分を含有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載のハニカム構造体。
- 車両の排ガス浄化に用いられることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載のハニカム構造体。
- 多数の貫通孔が隔壁を隔てて長手方向に並設されているハニカムユニットがシール材層を介して複数個結束されていると共に、前記貫通孔が開口していない外周面にコーティング材層が形成されており、前記長手方向に垂直な断面の真円度が1.0mm以上2.5mm以下である円筒状のハニカム構造体を製造する方法であって、
セラミック粒子と、無機繊維及び/又はウィスカと、無機バインダを含有する組成物を押出成形してハニカムユニット成形体を作製する工程と、
該ハニカムユニット成形体を600℃以上1200℃以下で焼成して前記ハニカムユニットを作製する工程を有し、
前記ハニカムユニットは、前記長手方向に垂直な断面における断面積が5cm 2 以上50cm 2 以下であり、
前記セラミック粒子は、アルミナ粒子、シリカ粒子、ジルコニア粒子、チタニア粒子、セリア粒子、ムライト粒子及びゼオライト粒子からなる群より選択される一種以上であることを特徴とするハニカム構造体の製造方法。
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JP4527412B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-04 | 2010-08-18 | イビデン株式会社 | ハニカム構造体集合体及びハニカム触媒 |
ATE434716T1 (de) * | 2004-08-31 | 2009-07-15 | Ibiden Co Ltd | Abgasreinigungssystem |
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JPWO2006137160A1 (ja) | 2009-01-08 |
EP1736223A1 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
CN101001698A (zh) | 2007-07-18 |
CN101001698B (zh) | 2011-02-09 |
DE602005015945D1 (de) | 2009-09-24 |
WO2006137160A1 (ja) | 2006-12-28 |
US20060292337A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
US7879430B2 (en) | 2011-02-01 |
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