JP5085815B2 - 視感度の高い蛍光体による発光デバイス - Google Patents

視感度の高い蛍光体による発光デバイス Download PDF

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JP5085815B2
JP5085815B2 JP2000585941A JP2000585941A JP5085815B2 JP 5085815 B2 JP5085815 B2 JP 5085815B2 JP 2000585941 A JP2000585941 A JP 2000585941A JP 2000585941 A JP2000585941 A JP 2000585941A JP 5085815 B2 JP5085815 B2 JP 5085815B2
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レビンソン，ライオネル・モンティー
スリバスタバ，アロク・マニ
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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は概して発光デバイスに関するものであり、具体的には発光ダイオードと蛍光体組成物から白色光を発するランプに関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年、短波長放射線を発する発光半導体デバイスの製造に著しい進歩が見られた。例えば、日亜化学工業（株）は青色及び紫外（ＵＶ）波長域の光を発する発光ダイオード及びレーザーダイオードを生産している。日亜は青色発光ダイオードと蛍光体を含んだ光源も生産している。その蛍光体は３価セリウムをドープしたイットリウム−アルミニウム−ガーネットであり、青色光の一部を広帯域黄色光に変換する。青色光と黄色光が一緒になって色温度約６０００〜８０００°Ｋ及び演色評価数（ＣＲＩ）約７７の白色光を生じる。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ただし、日亜の光源の有するデバイス視感度は、ワット入力電力当り約５ルーメンにすぎない。そこで、特に入力電力が限られている（例えばバッテリー電力による）場合には、日亜ランプの出力光束は比較的小さい。従って、デバイス視感度及び出力光束の高い光源があれば性能向上の面で望ましい。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の一つの例示的な実施形態によるランプは、発光ダイオード又はレーザーダイオードのような青色光を発する発光素子と該発光素子の第一スペクトルの青色光を吸収して第二スペクトルの光を発する蛍光体組成物を含んでなる。この蛍光体組成物は、Ｂａ2ＭｇＳｉ2Ｏ7：Ｅｕ2+、Ｂａ2ＳｉＯ4：Ｅｕ2+及び(Ｓｒ，Ｃａ，Ｂａ)(Ａｌ，Ｇａ)2Ｓ4：Ｅｕ2+の１種類以上を含んでなる。
【０００５】
本発明は、青色光を発する発光素子と該発光素子の第一スペクトルの青色光を吸収して第二スペクトルの光を発する蛍光体組成物にも関するが、当該ランプの発する光の分光視感度は、ワット放射束当り５５０ルーメン以上である。出力スペクトルの分光視感度が高いために、ランプに対する入力電力は高い明るさを供するように効率的にルーメンに変換される。例えば、当該ランプのデバイス視感度は、ワット入力電力当り３５〜４５ルーメン或いはそれ以上にできる。
【０００６】
本発明のランプは特に、明るさがランプの重要な特性となり、入力電力に限界があり、演色性がさほど重要でないフラッシュライトとして有用である。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のその他の特徴及び利点は、以下の詳細な説明及び添付の図面から明らかになろう。
【０００８】
当技術分野で公知の通り、人間の目はある特定の波長の光に対してその他の光よりも敏感である。この現象は国際照明委員会（ＣＩＥ）により入念に研究され、光に対する人間の目の応答についての多くの観察に基づいて１９３１年に創案された標準は「標準観測者」と知られている。標準観測者は波長の関数として多数の個人の視感度の平均値を表し、５５５ナノメーター（ｎｍ）に極大を有し、約３８０ｎｍ（紫外）及び７８０ｎｍ（赤外）でゼロまで下がる。標準観測者に代表される人間の目の感度の変動を図１にプロットしたが、これは分光視感度Ｖ(λ)を波長(λ)の関数として示したものである。
【０００９】
分光視感度Ｖ(λ)は、出力光束（測定単位はルーメン）に多大な影響を与える可能性があるので、多くの照明用途で重要である。光束とは、視覚を生じる能力によって評価される放射エネルギー（放射束）の流れの速さをいう。放射束とは、光源から放射される単位時間当たりの放射エネルギーをいう。光の波長が異なると目の感度が変化するので、光束は放射束と異なる。例えば、赤色光源と同じ放射束を発する緑色光源は、目が赤色光よりも緑色光に鋭敏なため、高い光束を有する。この原理を図２に示すが、この図は、全可視波長域で等しい放射束スペクトルで得られる光束を波長の関数として示す。
【００１０】
光束Ｌは、次式により放射束Ｐ(λ)と視感度Ｖ(λ)との積を所望の波長域にわたって積分すれば計算できる。
【００１１】
κ∫Ｐ(λ)Ｖ(λ)ｄλ （１）
係数κは最大視感度係数であり、５５５ｎｍにおいて６８３ルーメン／ワット（ｌｐｗ）に等しい。最大視感度係数κはワットをルーメンに変換する。
【００１２】
出力スペクトルを特徴づけるのに常用されるもう一つ変数は分光視感度である。分光視感度は放射束からルーメンを得る際の出力スペクトルの効率を定量化する。分光視感度は光束を光源の出力放射束で除したものとして従来より定義されている。５５５ｎｍの波長のみを含む出力スペクトルは最大視感度、即ち６８３ルーメン／ワットを有する。白熱電球の発する可視光の分光視感度は典型的には約３００ルーメン／ワットである。
【００１３】
本発明の例示的実施形態によれば、ランプの出力スペクトルは、図１の視感度曲線の感度の高い領域周辺に出力スペクトルを集約することによって高い分光視感度を与えるように設計される。こうして、光源の出力光束を表す式（１）の積分値は、光源に対する入力電力を増加させなくても、増大する。
【００１４】
本発明の例示的実施形態によれば、光源はＬＥＤ又はレーザーダイオードのような青色光を発する発光デバイスと、青色光を吸収して緑色光を発する蛍光体とを含んでなる。蛍光体は、図１の視感度曲線の最も感度の高い領域に集約された出力スペクトルを有する緑色光を発するように選択される。
【００１５】
ＬＥＤの発する青色光の発光ピークは通例４００ｎｍよりも長波長側にあり、典型的には４００〜５２０ｎｍの間、さらに典型的には約４５０〜約４７０ｎｍの間にある。ＬＥＤの発する青色光のピーク半値幅は、典型的には約７０ｎｍ未満、さらに典型的には約５０ｎｍ未満であり、随意約２０ｎｍ未満としてもよい。
【００１６】
当技術分野で公知の通り、青色ＬＥＤは基板上に種々の半導体材料を堆積させることによって製造し得る。発光デバイスの形成に有用な半導体材料として知られている公知のグループは窒化ガリウム（ＧａＮ）系である。窒化ガリウム系とは、III族窒化物、即ち窒化ガリウム（ＧａＮ）、窒化アルミニウム（ＡｌＮ）及び窒化インジウム（ＩｎＮ）の１種類以上を含む半導体材料をいう。ＧａＮ系ではその組成中のＧａＮ、ＡｌＮ及びＩｎＮの相対量に基づいて種々の波長の光、特に短波長光の発光が可能である。ＧａＮ系は、通例、従来の緑色発光ＬＥＤと比べると出力放射束が比較的高く、温度感受性が小さいという利点も与える。
【００１７】
図３にＬＥＤ１０の一例を示す。例示的なＬＥＤは基板２０、ｎ型ＧａＮ層３０、単一又は多重量子井戸を形成することもある窒化インジウムガリウム（ＩｎＧａＮ）層４０、ｐ型窒化アルミニウムガリウム（ＡｌＧａＮ）層５０、ｐ型ＧａＮ層６０、プラス接点７０及びマイナス接点８０を有する。種々の半導体層３０，４０、５０及び６０は通例化学気相成長（ＣＶＤ）で堆積・積層される。一般に、各層はＩｎxＧａyＡｌ(1-x-y)Ｎ（ただし、０≦ｘ≦１及び０≦ｙ≦１）を含み得る。図３にはＬＥＤを例示したが、レーザーダイオードのような他の発光デバイスも本発明に包含される。さらに、ＧａＮ系以外の半導体材料、例えばヒ素化ガリウム（ＧａＡｓ）及びその合金、ケイ素及び炭化ケイ素（ＳｉＣ）を使用することもできる。
【００１８】
青色波長域で発光するＬＥＤ及びレーザーダイオードのその他の例は当技術分野で公知である。例えば、米国特許第５８１３７５３号、同第５８１３７５２号、同第５３３８９４４号、同第５４１６３４２号、同第５６０４７６３号及び同第５６４４５８４号を参照されたい。青色及びＵＶ放射線を発光するＬＥＤ及びレーザーダイオードに関しては、Ｓｈｕｊｉ Ｎａｋａｍｕｒａ ａｎｄ Ｇｅｒｈａｒｄ Ｆａｓｏｌ，”Ｔｈｅ Ｂｌｕｅ Ｌａｓｅｒ Ｄｉｏｄｅ“（１９９７）にも記載されている。
【００１９】
図４は本発明の例示的実施形態による照明装置を示す。照明装置２００には光源２１０（ＬＥＤでもレーザーダイオードでもよい）が含まれており、例えば導線２１２，２１４で電力を供給する。光源２１０及び導線２１２，２１４の一部分は、例えばシリコーン、ガラス又はプラスチック材料で構成される透過体２２０の内部に封入される。
【００２０】
蛍光体組成物２３０は、図４に示すように透過体２３０の外表面に形成してもよいし、或いは透過体２３０内部の光源２１０に直接形成してもよい。蛍光体組成物を透過体２３０又は光源２１０に塗布するため、蛍光体組成物を例えば工業用ラッカーに用いられるニトロセルロース／酢酸ブチルバインダーと溶媒の溶液のような懸濁液に加えてもよい。その他にも、水に適当な分散剤及びポリエチレンオキサイドのような増粘剤又はバインダーを加えたものを始めとする種々の液体を使用し得る。蛍光体含有懸濁液を刷毛塗り又はコーティング又はその他の方法でＬＥＤに塗布して乾燥する。照明装置２００は複数の散乱粒子を含んでいてもよく、例えばレーザーダイオードを光源として使う場合には、二酸化チタン又は酸化アルミニウム粒子を透過体２３０内に埋め込んでおいてもよい。
【００２１】
導線２１２，２１４に電流を流すと、ＬＥＤは青色光を発し、蛍光体組成物２３０によって緑色光へと変換される。ＬＥＤ又はレーザーダイオードの発する青色光は緑色発光蛍光体を効率よく励起できる。本発明の例示的実施形態では、Ｂａ2ＭｇＳｉ2Ｏ7：Ｅｕ2+、Ｂａ2ＳｉＯ4：Ｅｕ2+及び(Ｓｒ，Ｃａ，Ｂａ)(Ａｌ，Ｇａ)2Ｓ4：Ｅｕ2+の蛍光体の１種類以上が用いられる。
【００２２】
上記の蛍光体において、符号コロンの後に記載された元素は賦活剤を表す。（Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ）という表記は（Ａx，Ｂy，Ｃz）を意味する。ただし、０≦ｘ≦１及び０≦ｙ≦１及び０≦ｚ≦１及びｘ＋ｙ＋ｚ＝１である。例えば、（Ｓｒ，Ｃａ，Ｂａ）は（Ｓｒx，Ｃａy，Ｂａz）を意味し、０≦ｘ≦１及び０≦ｙ≦１及び０≦ｚ≦１及びｘ＋ｙ＋ｚ＝１である。通例、ｘ，ｙ及びｚはすべて零以外の数値である。（Ａ，Ｂ）という表記は（Ａx，Ｂy）を意味し、０≦ｘ≦１及び０≦ｙ≦１及びｘ＋ｙ＝１である。通例、ｘ及びｙはともに零以外の数値である。
【００２３】
緑色発光蛍光体は好ましくは約５００ｎｍ〜約５５５ｎｍの間に発光ピークを示す。図５，図６及び図７は本明細書で開示した３種の緑色蛍光体の発光スペクトルである。これらの図に示した通り、緑色蛍光体の発光スペクトルは図１の分光視感度曲線の最も高感度の領域と大部分一致している。Ｂａ2ＭｇＳｉ2Ｏ7：Ｅｕ2+は約４９５〜５０５ｎｍ、通例約５００ｎｍに発光ピークを有し、Ｂａ2ＳｉＯ4：Ｅｕ2+は約５００〜５１０ｎｍ、通例約５０５ｎｍに発光ピークを有し、(Ｓｒ，Ｃａ，Ｂａ)(Ａｌ，Ｇａ)2Ｓ4：Ｅｕ2+は約５３５〜５４５ｎｍ、通例約５４０ｎｍに発光ピークを有する。これらの蛍光体を１種類以上使用したランプで得られる分光視感度は、青色光が実質的にすべて蛍光体で吸収されたと仮定して、５５０ルーメン／ワット放射束を超えるのが通例である。
【００２４】
ルーメンを得る際にランプ効率の記述に常用されるもう一つの変数はデバイス視感度であり、ランプの出力光束をランプへの入力電力で除した値として定義される。ランプのデバイス視感度は出力スペクトルの分光視感度だけでなく３つの付加的因子も考慮に入れる。第一に、デバイス効率はＬＥＤの出力放射束をＬＥＤへの入力電力で除した値を表す。典型的な青色ＬＥＤでは、デバイス効率は約１０％である。第二に、蛍光体の量子効率は吸収フォトンから放出フォトンへのエネルギー遷移に付随する損失を表す。量子効率は、蛍光体から放出されたフォトンの数を蛍光体に吸収されたフォトンの数で除した値として定義される。本明細書に開示した蛍光体では、量子効率は通例約８０％である。第三に、蛍光体の発する放出光の振動数の減少に付随したエネルギー損失があり、ｈΔνに等しい。ｈはプランク定数で、Δνは光の振動数の変化である。吸収波長が４５０ｎｍで発光波長が５５５ｎｍの光では、放出エネルギーは吸収エネルギーの４５０／５５５＝８１％である。
【００２５】
これらすべての因子を考慮に入れると、典型的なランプのデバイス視感度（ＤＬＥ）は、
ＤＬＥ＝（ＤＥ）×（ＱＥ）×（ＦＬ）×（ＳＬＥ）
で表される。ＤＥ＝デバイス効率、ＱＥ＝蛍光体量子効率、ＦＬ＝振動数損失効率、そしてＳＬＥ＝分光視感度である。本発明の例示的実施形態による典型的なランプでは、デバイス視感度は（１０％）×（８０％）×（８１％）×（５５０〜６８３ルーメン／ワット放射束）＝約３５〜４５ルーメン／ワット入力電力となる。かかる範囲のデバイス視感度は公知のＬＥＤランプに比べて格段に高い。例えば、従来の緑色発光ＬＥＤは通例３０ルーメン／ワット入力電力以下である。
【００２６】
本発明の別の実施形態では、デバイス効率が例えば４０％であるようなレーザーダイオードを利用することでデバイス視感度をさらに高めることができる。。他の変数が実質的に同じと仮定して、デバイス視感度は約１４３〜１７７ルーメン／ワット入力電力へと高まる。
【００２７】
ＬＥＤ又はレーザーダイオードのいずれかを使用すると、放射光は図１の分光視感度曲線の最も感度の高い領域付近に集中したスペクトルを有し、例えば５５０lｐｗ以上の高い分光視感度を与える。本発明は、このように、ＬＥＤ又はレーザーダイオードへの入力電力を増加しなくても、出力光束が格段に向上するという利点をもたらす。
【００２８】
本発明のその他の実施形態は、本明細書の検討又は本明細書の開示内容の実施により当業者には自明であろう。本明細書及び具体例は例示を目的としたものにすぎず、本発明の技術的範囲及び思想は以下の請求項によって規定される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 波長の異なる光に対する人間の目の感度を示す分光視感度のグラフである。
【図２】 光源に関する、入力電力と放射束と光束との関係を説明する図表である。
【図３】 典型的な発光ダイオードの図である。
【図４】 蛍光体組成物と発光ダイオードのような光源とを含むランプを例示する図である。
【図５】 蛍光体Ｂａ2ＭｇＳｉ2Ｏ7：Ｅｕ2+の発光スペクトル図である。
【図６】 蛍光体Ｂａ2ＳｉＯ4：Ｅｕ2+の発光スペクトル図である。
【図７】 蛍光体(Ｓｒ，Ｃａ，Ｂａ)(Ａｌ，Ｇａ)2Ｓ4：Ｅｕ2+の発光スペクトル図である。

Claims (9)

  1. 青色光を発する発光素子と、該発光素子の第一スペクトルの青色光を吸収して第二スペクトルの光を発する蛍光体組成物とを含んでなるランプであって、上記蛍光体組成物がＢａ2ＭｇＳｉ2Ｏ7：Ｅｕ2+、Ｂａ2ＳｉＯ4：Ｅｕ2+及び(Ｓｒ，Ｃａ，Ｂａ)(Ａｌ，Ｇａ)2Ｓ4：Ｅｕ2+の１種類以上からなる、ランプ。
  2. 前記発光素子が発光ダイオード又はレーザーダイオードからなる、請求項１記載のランプ。
  3. 前記第二スペクトルの分光視感度が５５０ルーメン／ワット放射束以上である、請求項１又は請求項２記載のランプ。
  4. 前記青色光の発光ピークが４００ｎｍよりも長く５２０ｎｍよりも短い波長にある、請求項１乃至請求項３のいずれか１項記載のランプ。
  5. 前記第二スペクトルの発光ピークが５００ｎｍ〜５７０ｎｍの間にある、請求項１乃至請求項４のいずれか１項記載のランプ。
  6. 前記発光素子を封入した透過体をさらに含んでなり、前記蛍光体組成物が該透過体の表面上に堆積している、請求項１乃至請求項５のいずれか１項記載のランプ。
  7. 発光デバイスで青色光を発生させる段階と、青色光を吸収する蛍光体組成物に上記青色光を当てる段階と、上記蛍光体組成物で青色光を異なるスペクトルを示す光に変換する段階とを含んでなる発光方法であって、上記蛍光体組成物がＢａ2ＭｇＳｉ2Ｏ7：Ｅｕ2+、Ｂａ2ＳｉＯ4：Ｅｕ2+及び(Ｓｒ，Ｃａ，Ｂａ)(Ａｌ，Ｇａ)2Ｓ4：Ｅｕ2+の１種類以上からなる、方法。
  8. 前記青色光を発生させる段階が発光ダイオードで青色光を発生することを含む、請求項７記載の方法。
  9. 前記蛍光体組成物が前記青色光を分光視感度５５０ルーメン／ワット放射束以上の光に変換する、請求項７又は請求項８記載の方法。
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AU2033800A (en) 2000-06-19
WO2000033389A1 (en) 2000-06-08
CN1289455A (zh) 2001-03-28
CN100385688C (zh) 2008-04-30
JP2002531955A (ja) 2002-09-24
EP1051758B1 (en) 2016-06-22
EP1051758A1 (en) 2000-11-15
US6791259B1 (en) 2004-09-14
US6429583B1 (en) 2002-08-06

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