CN100385688C - 具有高发光效率的含磷光体的发光器件 - Google Patents

具有高发光效率的含磷光体的发光器件 Download PDF

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CN100385688C
CN100385688C CNB998025062A CN99802506A CN100385688C CN 100385688 C CN100385688 C CN 100385688C CN B998025062 A CNB998025062 A CN B998025062A CN 99802506 A CN99802506 A CN 99802506A CN 100385688 C CN100385688 C CN 100385688C
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L·M·莱温森
A·M·斯里瓦斯塔瓦
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Abstract

一种灯，它包括：发光元件，例如发光二极管或激光二极管，它能发出蓝光；和磷光体组合物，磷光体组合物可以从发光元件那里吸收具有第一光谱的蓝光并能发出具有第二光谱的光。磷光体组合物包括至少一种下述的组合物：Ba2MgSi2O7:Eu2+；Ba2SiO4:Eu2+；(Sr，Ca，Ba)(Al，Ga)2S4:Eu2+。本发明还涉及一种发光元件，它能发出蓝光；和一种磷光体组合物，磷光体组合物可以从发光元件那里吸收具有第一光谱的蓝光并能发出具有第二光谱的光，其中灯发出的光的光谱发光效率为每瓦特至少550流明。输出光谱的高光谱发光效率有效地把输入到灯的功率转换成光通量流明，从而提供高亮度。例如，灯的器件发光效率可以达到每瓦特输入电功率35-45流明。

Description

具有高发光效率的含磷光体的发光器件
发明的背景
发明的领域
本发明一般来说涉及发光器件，本发明具体来说涉及可以从发光二极管和磷光体组合物产生白光的一种灯。
相关技术的描述
近些年来，在制造能发出较短波长辐射的发光半导体器件方面已经有了重大的改进。例如，日本的Nichia Chemical Industries Ltd已经生产出能发出蓝光和紫外(UV)光波长的发光二极管和激光二极管。Nichia还生产出包括蓝光发光二极管(LED)和磷光体的光源。该磷光体，即掺有3价铈的钇-铝-柘榴石，转换一部分蓝光成宽频的黄光发射。蓝光和黄光加在一起产生白光，其色温约为6000°K-8000°K，彩色再现指数(CRI)约为77。
然而，Nichia光源的器件发光效率每瓦特输入电功率只有5流明。因此，Nichia灯输出的光通量相当小，尤其是在输入电功率受到例如电池功率的限制的条件下更是如此。因此期望，有一种具有较高的器件发光效率和光通量输出的性能改善的光源。
发明的概述
按照本发明的一个典型的实施方案，一种灯包括发光元件和磷光体组合物，发光元件例如是能发出蓝光的发光二极管或激光二极管，磷光体组合物可以从发光元件那里吸收具有第一光谱的蓝光并能发出具有第二光谱的光。磷光体组合物包括至少一种下述的组合物：Ba2MgSi2O7:Eu2+；Ba2SiO4:Eu2+；和(Sr，Ca，Ba)(Al，Ga)2S4:Eu2+。
本发明还提供一种能发出蓝光的发光元件，和一种从发光元件那里吸收具有第一光谱的蓝光并发出具有第二光谱的光的磷光体组合物，所说的灯发出的光的光谱发光效率为每瓦特辐射功率至少550流明。输出光谱的高光谱发光效率把输入到灯的功率有效地转换成提供高亮度的光通量流明数。例如灯的器件发光效率可以是每瓦特输入电功率为35-45流明以上。
这种灯具体来说可以用作闪光灯，这里亮度可能是灯的一个重要的特征，输入功率可能受到了限制，并且彩色再现并不太重要。
附图简述
从下面结合附图的详细描述中，本发明的其它特征和优点将是显而易见的，其中：
图1是表示人眼灵敏度的光谱发光效率相对于光的不同波长的曲线图；
图2是说明输入功率、辐射功率、和光源的光通量之间的关系图；
图3是典型的发光二极管的示意图；
图4表示一种灯，这种灯包括磷光体组合物和光源如发光二极管；
图5是磷光体Ba2MgSi2O7:Eu2+的发射光谱的曲线；
图6是磷光体Ba2SiO4:Eu2+的发射光谱的曲线；
图5是磷光体(Sr，Ca，Ba)(Al，Ga)2S4:Eu2+的发射光谱的曲线；
优选实施方案的详细描述
如在本领域中公知的，人眼对于光的某些波长比对于光的其它波长更加灵敏些。CIE(Commission International dc 1′Eclairage)对于这种现象进行了仔细研究，并且根据大量的人眼对光的响应的观察在1931年制定了一个标准，称之为“标准观察员“。标准观察员代表许多各人的眼睛灵敏度的平均值随波长的变化，眼睛灵敏度在555nm(纳米)有最大值，在约380nm(紫外)和780nm(红外)降低到0。在图1中绘出了用标准观察员代表的人的眼睛的可变灵敏度，图1表示光谱发光效率V(λ)随波长λ的变化。
光谱发光效率V(λ)在许多发光应用场合都是很重要的，因为它对于光源输出的用流明度量的光通量有很大的影响。光通量指的是按照它产生可视感觉的能力估算的辐射能量(即辐射功率)流的时间速率。辐射功率指的是光源辐射的单位时间的能量。光通量不同于辐射能量，因为眼睛灵敏度对于光的不同波长是变化的。例如，发出和红光光源相同辐射功率的绿色光源将有较高的光通量，因为人的眼睛对于绿光比对于红光更加灵敏些。在图2中说明了这个原理，图2表示的是光通量随波长的变化，所说的光通量是由对于所有的可见波长全相等的辐射功率光谱产生的。
通过如以下所述积分辐射功率P(λ)和在期望波长范围的发光效率V(λ)的乘积，可以计算光通量L：
k∫P(λ)V(λ)d(λ)    (1)
其中系数k是最大发光效率因子，在555nm处系数k等于683流明/瓦特(lpw)。最大发光效率因子k将瓦特转换成流明。
在表征输出光谱中通常使用的另一个变量是光谱发光效率。光谱发光效率量化从辐射功率产生光通量流明的输出光谱的效率。光谱发光效率习惯上定义为光通量除以光源输出的辐射功率。只包含波长555nm的输出光谱具有最大的发光效率，即683流明/瓦特。由白炽灯泡发出的可见光的光谱发光效率一般约为300流明/瓦特。
按照本发明的典型的实施方案，对于一个灯的输出光谱进行设计，以便可以提供高的光谱发光效率，它是通过将输出光谱集中在图1的发光效率曲线的最灵敏区。以此方式，在不增加光源的输入功率的情况下就可以增加方程(1)的积分值，方程(1)表示的是光源输出的光通量。
按照本发明的典型的实施方案，该光源包括发光元件和磷光体，发光元件例如是能发出蓝光的LED或激光二极管，磷光体可以吸收的蓝光并能发出绿光。对于磷光体进行选择，使其能发出绿光，而且绿光的输出光谱集中在图1的发光效率曲线的最灵敏区。
由LED发出的蓝光的发射峰在大于400nm的波长处，一般在400nm和500nm之间，更加典型的在约450nm和470nm之间。由LED发出的蓝光的最大值的1/2处的全宽度一般小于约70nm，更加典型的小于约50nm，优选的小于约20nm。
如在本领域中公知的，蓝光LED可以通过在基片上淀积各种半导体材料层制成。在形成发光器件中有用的已知的半导体材料组是氮化镓(GaN)系统。氮化镓系统指的是包括一种或多种第III族氮化物的半导体材料，即氮化镓(GaN)、氮化铝(AlN)、和氮化铟(InN)。GaN系统可以根据组合物中GaN、AlN、InN的相对数量产生各种波长的光，特别是较短波长的光。和常规的发射绿光的LED相比，GaN系统一般还具有如下的优点：相当高的辐射功率输出、和较小的温度灵敏度。
图3表示LED 10的实例。典型的LED包括基片20，n型GaN层30，可以形成一个或多个量子阱的铟镓氮化物(InGaN)层40，p型的铝镓氮化物(AlGaN)层50，p型的GaN层60，正触点70，和负触点80。各种半导体层30、40、50、60一般通过化学汽相淀积(CVD)法淀积。在一般情况下，每层都可以包括InxGayAl(1-x-y)N，其中0≤x≤1，0≤y≤1。虽然在图3中作为例子表示出LED，但本发明还包括其它的发光器件，如激光二极管。此外，除了GaN系统外，还可以使用其它半导体材料，例如，砷化镓(GaAs)和它的合金、硅、和碳化硅(SiC)。
发射蓝光波长的LED和激光二极管的其它例子在本领域中是公知的。例如参见下述美国专利：5813753、5813752、5338944、5416342、5604763、5644584。在Shuji Nakamura和Gerhard Fassol的“蓝光激光二极管“(1997)中也描述了发射蓝光和紫外辐射的LED和激光二极管。
图4表示按照本发明的典型的实施方案的发光设备。该发光设备200包括光源210，这个光源例如可以是通过引线212、214供电的LED或激光二极管。光源210和引线212、214的一部分封闭在透射体220中，透射体220例如可以包括硅、玻璃、或塑性材料。
磷光体组合物230可以在透射体230的外表面上形成，如图4所示，或者在透射体230内部直接在光源210上形成。为了将磷光体组合物加到透射体230上或光源210上，可以将磷光体组合物加到液态悬浮体介质中，例如商业漆中使用的硝化纤维素/乙酸丁酯粘合剂和溶质溶液。可以使用许多其它带有适当的分散剂和增稠剂或粘合剂(例如聚环氧乙烷)的液体，包括水。将含磷光体的悬浮液涂、刷、或按其它方式加在LED上并且干燥之。发光设备200还可以包括许多散射颗粒，例如二氧化钛(TiO2)或氧化铝(Al2O3)颗粒，如果使用激光二极管作为光源210，这些散射颗粒要嵌入透射体230中。
在向引线212、214施加电流时，LED产生蓝光，这个蓝光由磷光体组合物230转换成绿光。由LED或激光二极管发出的蓝光有效地激发了发射绿光的磷光体。按照本发明的典型实施方案，可以使用下述的磷光体中的一种或多种：Ba2MgSi2O7:Eu2+；Ba2SiO4:Eu2+；(Sr，Ca，Ba)(Al，Ga)2S4:Eu2+。
在上述磷光体中，冒号后边的元素代表激活剂。记法(A，B，C)代表(Ax，Bx，Cx)，其中：0≤x≤1，0≤y≤1，0≤z≤1，并且x+y+z＝1。例如，(Sr，Ca，Ba)代表(Srx，Cay，Baz)，其中：0≤x≤1，0≤y≤1，0≤z≤1，并且x+y+z＝1。通常x、y、z均不为零。记法(A，B)代表(Ax，Bx)，其中：0≤x≤1，0≤y≤1，并且x+y＝1。一般来说，x和y都不是0。
发绿光的磷光体的峰值发射最好在约500nm和约555nm之间。图5、6、和7表示这里公开的3种绿光磷光体的发射光谱。如图所示，绿光磷光体的发射光谱在很大程度上与图1的光谱发光效率曲线的最灵敏区重合。例如，Ba2MgSi2O7:Eu2+的峰值发射在约495nm-505nm，典型值约为500nm，Ba2SiO4:Eu2+的峰值发射在约500nm-510nm，典型值约为505nm，(Sr，Ca，Ba)(Al，Ga)2S4:Eu2+的峰值发射在约535nm-545nm，典型值约为540nm。使用一种或多种这些磷光体的灯的最终的光谱发光效率在假定基本上所有蓝光都被磷光体吸收的条件下一般都大于每瓦特辐射功率550流明。
通常用来描述灯的发光效率的另一个变量是器件发光效率，器件发光效率定义为灯输出的光通量除以输入到灯的电功率。灯的器件发光效率计及输出光谱的光谱发光效率和3个附加的因素。第一，器件效率代表由LED输出的辐射功率除以输入到LED的电功率。对于一个典型的蓝光LED，器件效率约为10％。第二，磷光体的量子效率代表一种损耗，这种损耗和从吸收的光子到发射的光子的能量传输有关。量子效率定义为磷光体发射的光子数除以磷光体吸收的光子数。对于这里描述的磷光体，量子效率一般约为80％。第三，存在一种能量损耗，它和由磷光体影响而使发射光的频率下降有关，这个能量损耗等于hΔv，其中h是普朗克常数，Δv是光的频率的变化。对于在450nm处吸收并在555nm发射的光，发射能量是450/555＝81％吸收能量。
如果考虑到所有的这些因素，则对于一个典型的灯的器件发光效率(DLE)是：
DLE＝(DE)*(QE)*(FL)*(SLE)
这里，DE＝器件效率，QE＝磷光体量子效率，FL＝频率损耗效率，和SLE＝光谱发光效率。对于按照本发明的典型实施方案的典型的灯，器件发光效率是(10％)*(80％)*(81％)*(550到683流明/每瓦特辐射功率)＝大约35-45流明/每瓦特输入电功率。器件发光效率的这个范围就代表比现有的LED灯的明显增加。例如，常规的发绿光的LED一般产生不大于30流明/每瓦特(lpw)输入电功率。
按照本发明的另一实施方案，利用激光二极管还可以进一步增加器件发光效率，器件效率可达例如40％。假定其它的变量基本上保持相同，则器件发光效率可以提高到约143-177流明/每瓦特输入电功率。
因为使用LED或激光二极管作为光源，所以输出的光的光谱集中在图1的光谱发光效率曲线的最灵敏区，从而产生高的光谱发光效率，例如至少为550 lpw。因此，本发明的优点就是在不增加LED或激光二极管的输入电功率的情况下显著地增加了光通量输出。
考虑到本说明书或实施了这里公开的本发明后，本发明的其它实施方案对于本领域的普通技术人员来说都是显而易见的。我们的愿望是，本说明书和实例都只被认为是说明性的，本发明的真正的范围和构思都由下面的权利要求书限定。

Claims (22)

1.一种灯，它包括：
发光元件，它能发出蓝光；和
磷光体组合物，磷光体组合物可以从发光元件那里吸收具有第一光谱的蓝光并能发出具有第二光谱的光，磷光体组合物包括至少一种下述的组合物：Ba2MgSi2O7:Eu2+；Ba2SiO4:Eu2+；(Sr，Ca，Ba)(Al，Ga)2S4:Eu2+。
2.权利要求1的灯，其特征在于：发光元件包括发光二极管。
3.权利要求1的灯，其特征在于：发光元件包括激光二极管。
4.权利要求1的灯，其特征在于：第二光谱的光谱发光效率至少为550流明/每瓦特辐射功率。
5.权利要求1的灯，其特征在于：灯的器件发光效率至少为35流明/每瓦特辐射功率。
6.权利要求1的灯，其特征在于：蓝光发射峰的波长大于400nm并小于520nm。
7.权利要求1的灯，其特征在于：蓝光发射峰的波长在450nm和470nm之间。
8.权利要求1的灯，其特征在于：第二光谱的发射峰在500nm和570nm之间。
9.权利要求1的灯，其特征在于：进一步包括包封发光元件的一个透射体，磷光体组合物淀积在该透射体的表面。
10.一种灯，它包括：
发光元件，它能发出蓝光；和
磷光体组合物，磷光体组合物可以从发光元件那里吸收具有第一光谱的蓝光并能发出具有第二光谱的光，其特征在于：灯发出的光的光谱发光效率为每瓦特至少550流明。
11.权利要求10的灯，其特征在于：发光元件包括LED。
12.权利要求10的灯，其特征在于：灯的器件发光效率至少为35流明/每瓦特辐射功率。
13.权利要求10的灯，其特征在于：发光元件包括激光二极管。
14.权利要求10的灯，其特征在于：第二光谱的发射峰在约535nm和545nm之间。
15.权利要求10的灯，其特征在于：第二光谱的发射峰在约495nm和505nm之间。
16.权利要求10的灯，其特征在于：第二光谱的发射峰在约500nm和510nm之间。
17.权利要求10的灯，其特征在于：磷光体组合物包括至少一种下述的组合物：Ba2MgSi2O7:Eu2+；Ba2SiO4:Eu2+；(Sr，Ca，Ba)(Al，Ga)2S4:Eu2+。
18.一种灯，它包括：
发光元件，它能发出蓝光；和
磷光体组合物，磷光体组合物可以从发光元件那里吸收具有第一光谱的蓝光并能发出具有第二光谱的光，其特征在于：灯的器件发光效率为每瓦特功率至少35流明。
19.一种产生光的方法，它包括如下步骤：
用发光器件产生蓝光；
将蓝光引向磷光体组合物，磷光体组合物包括至少一种下述的组合物：Ba2MgSi2O7:Eu2+；Ba2SiO4:Eu2+；(Sr，Ca，Ba)(Al，Ga)2S4:Eu2+；和
利用磷光体将蓝光转换成具有不同光谱的光。
20.权利要求19的方法，其特征在于：产生蓝光的步骤包括用发光二极管产生蓝光。
21.权利要求20的方法，其特征在于：磷光体组合物将蓝光转换成的光的光谱发光效率至少为每瓦特辐射功率550流明。
22.一种产生光的方法，它包括如下步骤：
用发光器件产生蓝光；
用磷光体组合物吸收蓝光，所说磷光体组合物发射具有不同光谱的光，从而使发光器件和磷光体组合物一起发出的光的光谱发光效率为每瓦特辐射功率至少550流明。
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CN1289455A (zh) 2001-03-28
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