CN109600884B - 对家畜进行照明的系统和方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本申请提供对家畜进行照明的系统和方法。一种用于对农地住所内的家畜进行照明的系统和方法。该系统具有电连接至一个调光装置的多个照明组件。将这些照明组件从白色调至预定波长从而引起该家畜的一个预定行为。该预定波长和行为包括无法被该家畜检测到的一个红色波长,从而引起家畜正在睡觉的该预定行为,同时工作人员能够继续在该农地住所内工作或者活动。
Description
本申请是申请日为2014年07月31日,申请号为201480047295.6,发明名称为“对家畜进行照明的系统和方法”的申请的分案申请。
优先权要求
本申请要求于2013年8月2日提交的题为“用于操纵猪的心理和生理特征的系统和方法(System and Method for Manipulating Psychological and PhysiologicalCharacteristics of Swine)”、的美国临时专利申请序列号61/861,645的优先权权益,其全部内容通过引用结合在此。
技术领域
本文档总体上涉及但不限于对猪进行照明。更具体地,涉及通过照明系统的使用操纵猪的心理和生理特征。
背景
养殖业在过去几十年已得到了快速的发展,从主要基于户外的家庭农场发展到了室内共同运行设施。例如,猪典型地是在畜棚环境下饲养,在这种环境下以并排关系提供多个围栏。典型地,这些设施的地板用板条制成从而使得猪排泄物能够被猪在板条之间推挤到下面的隔间。以此方式,这些设施将很多猪圈舍在室内而无需进入外面。
结果,人工照明(无论是白炽灯、LED、高压钠、紧凑型荧光灯等)是为猪照明的主要来源。由于科学家已经对人造光下的动物诸如鸡、火鸡、猪、奶牛等进行了研究,因此科学家们已经开始不仅理解了和人相比动物是如何看待光的而且也理解了光的特征对不同动物的影响。具体地,科学家们已经认识到光周期或光的调制对动物是至关重要的。对猪的研究表明了在24小时连续黑暗下饲养的猪不如在调制的12小时黑暗和12小时光下饲养的猪活跃。同时,猪在24小时的光下是最活跃的,而且也表明不断上升的压力水平并且因此猪福利被认为是受存在的连续黑暗或光的影响。
类似地,另一个影响动物的所示的光的特征是光的辐照度或强度。例如,对猪的测试表明在2-6或者甚至10勒克斯下饲养的小猪不会获得与70-100勒克斯光相比尽可能多的重量,然而2500勒克斯光表明重量减轻。同时,在对小猪的另一测试中,50勒克斯光与10、20、40以及120勒克斯光相比提供改善的健康以及改善的免疫状态。因此再一次的,光的强度是已知的影响动物和猪的另一个光特征。
影响动物(包括猪)的最后一个原因是光的频谱或颜色。对猪的测试表明与UV、冷白光或者甚至日光相比红色波长光的使用引起更重的体重以及日增重增加。从研究中,猪倾向于出现在黑暗胜于光下,尤其是在睡觉时,并且暗光减少了猪的攻击行为。另外,测试目前表明猪奋力检测到的光源在600nm之上并且因此与蓝光频谱的增强的敏感度相比对红光并不过度敏感。
另外,在本领域中对于在猪设施内能量高效照明存在需要。具体地,猪设施能够包含50、100或更多光,这取决于设施的大小。典型地,这些设施包含100瓦特白炽灯泡,这些白炽灯泡对能量的消耗是巨大并且造成巨额电费单。另外,由于环境的原因,在畜棚内有大量的排泄物、氨、泥、食物碎片等。因此,典型地,100瓦特灯泡必须处于某种类型的壳体内或果冻罐内以便尝试保护来自这些元件的照明。另外,冲洗将照明曝光在水中,再次需要针对照明的保护以防止断裂、短路或严重火灾的情况。
因此,本发明的主要目标是为猪设施提供成本有效的照明产品。
本发明的另一个目标是通过照明系统的使用操纵猪的特征。
发明概述
一种通过使用电连接至调光装置的多个照明组件对家畜进行照明的方法。对照明组件从白色进行调光,该白色允许工作人员或者其他人在家畜设施内清楚地看到。然后将照明组件从白色调至特定的预定波长从而引起家畜的预定行为。在一个实施例中,将照明组件调至猪不可检测的红色光从而使得在家畜设施中的工作人员或者人们可以看见,但是猪无法看到光并且认为这是夜间并且提供睡眠或休息时的预定响应。以此方式,猪可以在人们正在设施内使用或者工作时接收它们所期望的附加的黑暗时间。在另一实施例中,预定波长是吸引家畜对食物的兴趣以便使得它们在适当的时间进食的蓝色。
本申请还提供了以下内容:
1)一种对家畜进行照明的方法,步骤包括:
在一个圈舍家畜的设施内提供多个照明组件;
通过提供白光持续一个第一预定时间段用该多个照明组件对该家畜进行照明;
对该多个照明组件进行调光以便仅以该家畜无法看见的一个预定波长提供光持续一个第二预定时间量。
2)如1)所述的方法,其中,该家畜是猪并且该设施是一个猪设施。
3)如2)所述的方法,其中,该预定波长是在620nm到780nm之间。
4)如3)所述的方法,其中,该多个照明组件中的至少一个照明组件具有对该家畜进行照明的多个发光二极管。
5)如4)所述的方法,其中,该多个照明组件中的该至少一个照明组件是防水的以便防止水到达该多个发光二极管。
6)如1)所述的方法,其中,该第一和第二预定时间量是相等的。
7)如1)所述的方法,其中,一个可编程调光装置被编程以便将该多个照明组件从白光调至该预定波长。
8)一种对家畜进行照明的方法,步骤包括:
在一个圈舍家畜的设施内提供多个照明组件;
通过提供白光持续一个第一预定时间段用该多个照明组件对该家畜进行照明;
对该多个照明组件进行调光以便仅以引起该家畜对食物的兴趣的一个预定波长提供光。
9)如8)所述的方法,其中,该家畜是猪并且该设施是一个猪设施。
10)如9)所述的方法,其中,该预定波长是在400nm到500nm之间。
附图简要描述
图1是家畜住所的侧剖平面图。
图2是用于家畜住所的照明组件的侧平面图。
图3是用于家畜住所的照明组件的侧透视前视图。
图4是用于家畜住所的照明组件的顶部透视图。
图5是用于家畜住所的照明组件的电子部件的示意图。
图6是用于家畜住所的照明系统的示意图。
本发明的优选实施方案的详细描述
这些附图示出了包括诸如畜棚或猪防范设施的住所12的猪设施10。住所12具有多个防范单元14,诸如围栏、畜栏等。防范单元14的地板16包括相互平行间隔坐落的多个板条元件18以便形成连续的板条元件18之间的多个开口20。在一个实施例中,板条元件18与高于一端的另一端成角度或倾斜以便使得向下的斜面朝向地板16中的开口20。以此方式,当猪22踩上排泄物24或者在排泄物24上打滚时,排泄物24通过开口20被推挤到地板16下方。类似地,在冲洗防范单元16过程中,电动喷射排泄物并且水和排泄物通过地板下方的开口20并进入蓄水池26。
这些图也示出了在一个实施例中包括多个电导管体30的照明系统28,该多个电导管体从电源32接收电输入。电导管体30容纳电线34,该电线延伸以便向住所中的不同的区域提供电激励信号。在一个实施例中,电线电连接至插座36以便接收照明组件38。
照明组件38包括其中具有导电元件42的基板40,该基板如本领域中已知的在插座36内螺纹和电连接。或者螺纹接纳基板40或者压缩贴合到具有中空内部和侧墙48的圆锥型体44上,该侧壁向外延伸并且从具有第一直径的第一端50向具有大于第一直径的第二直径的第二端52远离。以此方式,当废弃物或者排泄物或者水喷射到圆锥型体44上时,该物质向下流并离开组件38。在第二端的是具有与密封元件56啮合的尺寸和形状的环形元件54,该密封元件在一个优选实施例中是由压缩下膨胀的塑料材料制成。密封元件56被固定到环形元件54和散热器58之间以便提供其之间的水密密封。以此方式,电气线路60在水密组件38内通过圆锥型体44和散热器电连接至导管体。
在一个替代性实施例中,没有展示插座36,并且相反,直接提供了电线。在该实施例中,没有提供具有基板40的圆锥型体44,并且相反,被布置通过散热器的电气线路60直接或硬连线到导管的电线34以便提供直接的电连接。然后散热器再次螺纹地和/或密封连接至导管以便提供水密密封以防止水进入散热器58的内部并且暴露于电气线路60。
在一个优选实施例中,散热器58由塑料材料制成并且具有通过散热器58帮助传递热量的多个鳍元件62。散热器58从与导管体30相邻的第一端64延伸到第二端66,在一个实施例中该第一端接纳密封元件56并且在另一实施例中被密封到导管体30。第二端66被固定到具有侧壁69的具有圆锥形状的漫射元件68,该侧壁从第一端70向外延伸且从散热器58到开放的第二端72向下延伸,该开放的第二端具有略大于第一端70的直径的直径并且在唇形元件74中终止。再次,通过成角度且向下倾斜,通常对于猪设施10来说已熟知的水、排泄物和其他物质流出漫射元件68,而唇形元件74保持稳健的设计以便承受恶劣环境。
衬底76被固定到散热器58的第二端66并且在一个实施例中具有大体上圆形形状。衬底在一个实施例中也是印刷电路板。图4示出了衬底76具有驱动电路78。该电路类似于由Z.Grajcar教导的且在2013年2月12日发布的题为“减少LED负载的谐波失真(Reduction ofHarmonic Distortion for LED Loads)”的美国专利号8,373,363以及由Z.Grajcar在2010年6月27日提交的题为“针对可调光的AC LED照明的色温偏移控制(Color TemperatureShift Control for Dimmable AC LED Lighting)”、序列号为12/824,215的美国专利申请,其中每个专利的全部内容通过引用结合在此。
本发明的电路78包括从AC电源82接收电流的整流装置80并且包括与第二组发光二极管86串联安排的第一组发光二极管84,其中两者都包括发出白光的二极管。包括发出红光的二极管的第三组发光二极管88平行于第一和第二组二极管84和86被展示。所发出的红光被认为是具有大约620nm到780nm之间的波长的任何光。可替代地,可在不落在本发明的范围之外的情况下使用具有提供蓝光或者具有大约在400nm到500nm之间的波长的发光二极管。旁路通路90与第一阻抗元件92一起被展示,该旁路通路在一个实施例中是一个晶体管。在一个优选实施例中,第一阻抗元件92是一个耗尽型MOSFET,尽管可在不落在本披露的范围之外的情况下使用p沟道MOSFET、n沟道MOSFET等,即使为了功能性目的需要附加的晶体管。还设有第一电阻器94以便控制电流流经第一阻抗元件92从而提供平滑且连续的电流流动。
第二旁路通路96还设有在一个实施例中类似是一个耗尽型MOSFET的第二阻抗元件98。类似于第一旁路通路90,第二旁路通路96再次利用第二电阻器100来控制阻抗元件98。同样类似地,在第三组发光二极管88和第一和第二组发光二极管84和86之间提供第三旁路通路102。再一次,旁路通路102利用第三阻抗元件104和第三电阻器106以提供如其他旁路通路的类似功能性。以此方式,当调光装置108电连接至电路并且电压开始下降时,流到第一组二极管84的电流首先下降,从而调暗第一组白色二极管。然后随着调光继续并且达到了阈值电流,第二组发光二极管86开始调光。因此,白光再次被慢慢调暗并且从输出光中消除。以此方式,只有是红色的第三组发光二极管88保持提供光。可任选地提供补充电阻器109以便限制系统中的电流并且提高效率。
因此,对组件进行调光以便产生红光。结果,以可编程调光装置,照明组件38可在24小时时间段内提供白光和红光的组合以便优化猪的特征。
透镜元件110被固定到散热器58、漫射元件68或者散热器和漫射元件两者上。在一个实施例中,利用紧固元件112以便提供连接。更具体地,透镜元件110被固定以便提供水密密封从而使得水无法侵占组件38的内部。
在操作中,多个照明组件38被安装在设施10中并且电连接至具有可编程定时器113的调光装置108。或者组件直接连接在畜棚内或者圆锥型体44可以被附接以便在需要时提供改进而不是硬线连接。以此方式,组件38在设计上是模块化的。
可编程定时器然后可以被编程以便在工作人员或人们在畜棚中的时候提供最大化的照明。由于猪无法检测到红色波长光,因此照明组件的红色部件提供附加的强度和流明,从而使得工作人员更易于看见并且点亮设施10。同时,因为猪无法检测到这个光,因此对猪没有有害影响。然后日复一日,白色发光二极管被调暗至目前的红光。因为猪无法检测到光,因此它们将这个时间视为黑夜,因而允许它们睡觉、休息并且提供最佳的增重和饲料消耗。同时,如果人们仍然需要在设施内,则仍然提供允许他们看见和工作的光源。
可替代地,可以调节可编程定时器从而使得更多或更少的光一整天被提供以便向猪指示特定季节被提供。以此方式,通过增强产猪、活动或者其他所期望的行为操纵猪的行为。因此,照明组件38用于操纵猪的心理和生理两者的特征以便优化猪的生长、繁殖以及生产。如本披露所指示的,在一个优选实施例中,在用红色发光二极管展示蓝色发光二极管的同时,可以类似地在不落在本发明的范围之外的情况下与驱动电路78一起使用并且可用于吸引猪对食物的兴趣或影响其他的猪行为。
当需要冲洗设施10时,用来自动力冲洗机、软管或者其他水源的水喷射组件38。然后水包裹任何污垢、灰尘、排泄物或者组件38的其他防范设施和圆锥部分允许易于移除安全壳从而保持组件38和设施的干净与卫生。由于水密密封的原因,水无法进入组件38的内部,又一次保证了组件38的长寿命。因此,至少已经实现所有陈述的目标。
Claims (13)
1.一种对家畜进行照明的方法,包括:
在一个圈舍家畜的设施内提供第一多个照明组件和第二多个照明组件;
通过提供白光持续一个第一预定时间段用该第一多个照明组件和该第二多个照明组件对该家畜进行照明;
对所述第一多个照明组件和所述第二多个照明组件进行调光以便提供第一预定波长在620nm和780nm之间的红光持续一个第二预定时间段;
对所述第一多个照明组件和所述第二多个照明组件进行调光以便以引起该家畜对食物的兴趣的在400nm和500nm之间的第二预定波长提供蓝光持续一个第三预定时间段;以及
其中,一个可编程调光装置被编程以在第一时间将该第一多个照明组件从白光调至在620nm和780nm之间的该第一预定波长,并且在第二时间将该第二多个照明组件从白光调至在400nm和500nm之间的该第二预定波长。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,该家畜是猪并且该设施是一个猪设施。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在整个24小时时间段内,包括在该第一预定时间段期间,提供该第一预定波长在620nm和780nm之间的红光。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中,所述第一多个照明组件和所述第二多个照明组件中的至少一个照明组件具有对该家畜进行照明的多个发光二极管。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述第一多个照明组件和所述第二多个照明组件中的所述至少一个照明组件是防水的以便防止水到达该多个发光二极管。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,该第一预定时间段和该第二预定时间段是相等的。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,一个可编程调光装置被编程以便将所述第一多个照明组件和所述第二多个照明组件从白光调至该第一预定波长。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,一个可编程调光装置被编程以便将所述第一多个照明组件和所述第二多个照明组件从白光调至该第二预定波长。
9.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中,提供白光包括向发出白光的与第二组发光二极管串联安排的第一组发光二极管提供电流。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,提供红光包括向发出红光的第三组发光二极管提供电流。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中,该第三组发光二极管与该第一组发光二极管和该第二组发光二极管平行连接。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中,对所述第一多个照明组件和所述第二多个照明组件进行调光以便仅提供红光包括降低流到该第一组发光二极管的电流。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,对所述第一多个照明组件和所述第二多个照明组件进行调光以便仅提供红光包括降低流到该第二组发光二极管的电流。
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CN105493634A (zh) | 2016-04-13 |
US20190174604A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
US10237956B2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
CN109600884A (zh) | 2019-04-09 |
US10537012B2 (en) | 2020-01-14 |
CN105493634B (zh) | 2019-02-01 |
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