JP4808684B2 - 改善された光学測距カメラ - Google Patents
改善された光学測距カメラ Download PDFInfo
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- JP4808684B2 JP4808684B2 JP2007213559A JP2007213559A JP4808684B2 JP 4808684 B2 JP4808684 B2 JP 4808684B2 JP 2007213559 A JP2007213559 A JP 2007213559A JP 2007213559 A JP2007213559 A JP 2007213559A JP 4808684 B2 JP4808684 B2 JP 4808684B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/02—Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g. controlling overlapping of pictures
- G01C11/025—Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g. controlling overlapping of pictures by scanning the object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S17/894—3D imaging with simultaneous measurement of time-of-flight at a 2D array of receiver pixels, e.g. time-of-flight cameras or flash lidar
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/28—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals
- G02B7/30—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals using parallactic triangle with a base line
- G02B7/32—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals using parallactic triangle with a base line using active means, e.g. light emitter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/10—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
- G01S17/18—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves wherein range gates are used
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S17/933—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/4802—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
- G01S7/4812—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver transmitted and received beams following a coaxial path
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/51—Display arrangements
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
Description
本発明の好ましい実施形態では、放射源は第1の波形により変調され、反射波は第2の波形により変調される。これら第1の波形および第2の波形の形状およびこれら波形の間の遅延時間は、カメラから画素により撮像される被写体までの距離に上記検知アレイの各画素にて検知される強度に所望の関数依存性を与えるように調整される。
それに代えてもしくはそれに加えて、目的の被写体までの距離は最初、偵察ビーム、例えばレーザ測距装置もしくは従来周知の他の測距装置を使用して決定することができる。上記ウインドウはそのとき上記被写体がそれにより包含される距離範囲内にあるように調整される。
Ii=Ii/Siτf (1)
ここで、Iiはi番目の被写体による非正規化信号であり、fはアレイ22がサンプリングされる適当なフィールドレートもしくはフレームレートである。
集光レンズ120は、情景26から反射された光をシャッタアレイ122の上に結像させ、該シャッタアレイ122は以下に述べるように光を変調する。上記シャッタアレイからの変調された光はその後、結像レンズ124により検知アレイ112の上に結像される。好ましくは、光学系118は、行114の数およびサイズに対比されるエレメント130〜136の数とサイズに応じて、シャッタアレイ122の各エレメント130〜136が検知アレイ112の一つの行114の上、近接する行114からなるグループの上に結像する。図10には、結像レンズ124がシャッタアレイ122をほぼ1倍の倍率で検知アレイ112の上に結像させているように示されているが、シャッタアレイ122および検知アレイ112の相対的な寸法並びにそれらのエレメント130〜136および行114の相対的な寸法に応じて、適当な倍率が結像レンズ124の適正な選択と配列により選択されてもよいことが理解されるであろう。さらに、シャッタアレイ122およびシャッタエレメント130〜136の大きさが検知アレイ112および行114の寸法に適合するように十分小さくすることができるときは、シャッタアレイ122は検知アレイ112に近接して直接、配置するとともに直接接触によりそれに結合せ、結像レンズ124を介在させる必要をよりうまく回避して光学系118を単純化するようにしてもよい。
上記したように、シャッタエレメント130〜136の各々が開くにつれて、検知アレイ112の対応する行114もしくは行グループには情景26から反射された光が入射する。
本発明のいくつかの好ましい実施形態では、カメラ110により得られたラインイメージおよび距離情報は、建物152および154並びに地形158のような、画像化された地形の横方向寸法および地形の高度を決定するために、王次元写真測量法で使用される。これらの寸法や高度はそのとき、例えば、正確な地形の地図および土地の測量図内に組み込まれてもよい。それらは同様に、通常の写真もしくはビデオ画像から高い精度で求めることが通常、非常に困難な、例えば建物152のような、ものの体積を計算するのに使用することができる。
Claims (4)
- 電子流を変調するためのマイクロチャンネルアレイ装置であって、
マイクロチャンネルプレートであって、それを通して電子が加速されるマイクロチャンネルプレートと、
上記マイクロチャンネルプレートに近接する複数のスイッチ可能な電極であって、その電極の各々が上記プレートの対応する領域中の電子の加速を変調する上記電極と、
を含むマイクロチャンネルアレイ装置。 - 請求項1に記載の装置であって、上記マイクロチャンネルアレイがフォトカソードを含んでおり、該フォトカソードが上記マイクロチャンネルプレートを通して加速された電子を受けるとともに、該電子に対応する光子を発生させ、上記電極が上記フォトカソードにコートされた導電性の透明材料を含んでいる装置。
- 請求項2に記載の装置において、上記導電性の透明材料がインジューム・チン・オクサイド(indium tin oxide)を含んでいる装置。
- 情景の画像を形成するためのカメラシステムであって、
情景からその上に入射する放射波に応答して、電子流を発生するフォトアノードと、
電子流に応じて、光子を発生し、かつ、変調する、請求項2または請求項3に記載のマイクロチャンネルアレイ装置と、
上記光子を受けるとともにそれに応答して上記情景の画像を形成する検知器と、
を含むカメラシステム。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IL114278A IL114278A (en) | 1995-06-22 | 1995-06-22 | Camera and method |
IL116223 | 1995-12-01 | ||
IL116223A IL116223A (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1995-12-01 | Telecentric 3d camera and method |
IL114278 | 1995-12-01 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP9503437A Division JPH11508359A (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 1996-06-20 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2008047925A JP2008047925A (ja) | 2008-02-28 |
JP4808684B2 true JP4808684B2 (ja) | 2011-11-02 |
Family
ID=26323086
Family Applications (8)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP50343897A Expired - Lifetime JP3869005B2 (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 1996-06-20 | テレセントリック立体カメラと方法 |
JP9503437A Pending JPH11508359A (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 1996-06-20 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
JP2007213559A Expired - Lifetime JP4808684B2 (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 2007-08-20 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
JP2007213560A Expired - Lifetime JP5180535B2 (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 2007-08-20 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
JP2007213558A Expired - Lifetime JP5180534B2 (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 2007-08-20 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
JP2007213557A Expired - Lifetime JP5688722B2 (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 2007-08-20 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
JP2009012225A Pending JP2009122119A (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 2009-01-22 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
JP2010260777A Pending JP2011039076A (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 2010-11-24 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP50343897A Expired - Lifetime JP3869005B2 (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 1996-06-20 | テレセントリック立体カメラと方法 |
JP9503437A Pending JPH11508359A (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 1996-06-20 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
Family Applications After (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007213560A Expired - Lifetime JP5180535B2 (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 2007-08-20 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
JP2007213558A Expired - Lifetime JP5180534B2 (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 2007-08-20 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
JP2007213557A Expired - Lifetime JP5688722B2 (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 2007-08-20 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
JP2009012225A Pending JP2009122119A (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 2009-01-22 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
JP2010260777A Pending JP2011039076A (ja) | 1995-06-22 | 2010-11-24 | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6057909A (ja) |
EP (2) | EP0835460B1 (ja) |
JP (8) | JP3869005B2 (ja) |
CN (3) | CN1253636A (ja) |
AU (2) | AU6135996A (ja) |
DE (2) | DE69635858T2 (ja) |
WO (2) | WO1997001112A2 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008003099A (ja) * | 1995-06-22 | 2008-01-10 | 3Dv Systems Ltd | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
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JP2008003099A (ja) * | 1995-06-22 | 2008-01-10 | 3Dv Systems Ltd | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
JP2008014955A (ja) * | 1995-06-22 | 2008-01-24 | 3Dv Systems Ltd | 改善された光学測距カメラ |
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