JP4716526B2 - サファイア基板を活性窒素に暴露して半導体デバイスを作製する方法及び半導体デバイス - Google Patents
サファイア基板を活性窒素に暴露して半導体デバイスを作製する方法及び半導体デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP4716526B2 JP4716526B2 JP2008217588A JP2008217588A JP4716526B2 JP 4716526 B2 JP4716526 B2 JP 4716526B2 JP 2008217588 A JP2008217588 A JP 2008217588A JP 2008217588 A JP2008217588 A JP 2008217588A JP 4716526 B2 JP4716526 B2 JP 4716526B2
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 132
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 63
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 70
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 63
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- -1 nitrogen ion Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenezinc Chemical group [Zn]=S WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021480 group 4 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021476 group 6 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical group C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
(1)絶縁性単結晶GaN膜を作製する方法であって、
分子ビームエピタキシャル反応室内に、所望の相のGaNに整合する適当な格子を有する単結晶基板を設け、
分子ビームガリウム源を設け、
活性窒素源を設け、そして
前記基板を前記のガリウム源と窒素源に暴露することによって、下記の2工程成長法を用いてGaN膜を蒸着する:
工程中に、基板が約100℃〜400℃の温度に維持され、そして実質的に一定のガリウムフラックス圧力と実質的に一定の窒素圧力が維持される、低温核形成工程、および
工程中に、基板が約600℃〜900℃の温度に維持され、そして実質的に一定のガリウムフラックス圧力と実質的に一定の窒素圧力が維持される、高温成長工程、
以上の工程を含む方法。
(2)ドープしたp形GaN膜を作製する方法であって、
分子ビームエピタキシャル反応室内に、所望の相のGaNに整合する適当な格子を有する単結晶基板を設け、
ガリウム源、窒素プラズマ源およびアクセプタ源を設け、
前記基板を、約100℃〜400℃の温度において、実質的に一定のフラックス圧力に維持された前記ガリウム源と実質的に一定の圧力に維持された前記窒素源に暴露することによって核形成工程を実施し、
約600℃〜900℃の温度において成長工程を実施して、それによって前記基板上にGaN膜を蒸着させ、
前記基板の表面に正のバイアスをかけて、そして
前記表面を、前記実質的に一定のフラックス圧力に維持された前記ガリウム源、前記実質的に一定の圧力に維持された前記窒素源、及び前記アクセプタ源に暴露することによって、ドープしたGaN膜を蒸着させて、それによって、前記成長工程の間前記アクセプタを負に荷電した状態におく、
以上の工程を含む方法。
(3)ドープしたn形GaN膜を作製する方法であって、
分子ビームエピタキシャル反応室内に、所望の相のGaNに整合する適当な格子を有する単結晶基板を設け、
ガリウム源、窒素プラズマ源およびドナー源を設け、
核形成工程において前記基板を前記のガリウム源と窒素源に低温で暴露し、このとき、基板は約100℃〜400℃の温度に維持され、また実質的に一定のガリウムフラックス圧力と実質的に一定の窒素圧力が維持され、そして
600℃〜900℃の温度において成長工程を実施して前記基板上にGaN膜を蒸着さ
せ、さらに
前記基板の表面を負にバイアスさせ、そして
前記表面を、前記実質的に一定のフラックス圧力に維持された前記ガリウム源、前記実質的に一定の圧力に維持された前記窒素源、及び前記ドナー源に暴露することによって、ドープしたGaN膜を蒸着させて、それによって、前記成長工程の間前記ドナーを正に荷電した状態におく、
以上の工程を含む方法。
(4)前記の単結晶基板は(100)シリコン又は(111)シリコン、(11-3)サファイア、(0001)サファイア又は(1-102)サファイア、(100)ヒ化ガリウム又は(111)ヒ化ガリウム、炭化ケイ素、酸化亜鉛又は酸化マグネシウムである、
(1)(2)又は(3)に記載の方法。
(5)前記ガリウム源はクヌーセン発散セル又は金属-有機源である、(1)(2)又は(3)に記載の方法。
(6)前記金属−有機源がトリメチルガリウムである、(5)に記載の方法。
(7)ガリウムフラックス圧力は約2.0〜5.0×10-7トルの範囲である、(1)(2)又は(3)に記載の方法。
(8)前記活性窒素源は電子サイクロトロン共鳴マイクロ波プラズマ(ECR源)またはホットタングステンフィラメントで発生した窒素のプラズマである、(1)(2)又は(3)に記載の方法。
(9)窒素の過圧を前記成長室内で保持する、(1)(2)又は(3)に記載の方法。
(10)前記窒素圧力/前記ガリウムフラックス圧力の比率は約102〜104の範囲である、(1)(2)又は(3)に記載の方法。
(11)活性窒素源には窒素原子種又は窒素イオン種が含まれる、(1)(2)又は(3)に記載の方法。
(12)前記の低温核形成工程には、基板を前記のガリウム源と窒素源へ3〜15分間暴露することが含まれる、(1)(2)又は(3)に記載の方法。
(13)前記膜の厚さは30〜500Åである、(12)に記載の方法。
(14)前記の高温成長工程で0.5〜10μmの厚さの膜を蒸着する、(1)(2)又は(3)に記載の方法。
(15)基板の表面を荷電させる前記工程は、前記基板の直前におかれたグリッドに電気的にバイアスをかけるか、電子ガンからの電子を前記表面に衝突させるか、イオンガンからの陽イオンを前記表面に衝突させるか、または前記基板表面の背面に電気アースを設けることを含む、(2)又は(3)に記載の方法。
(16)前記成長工程には、基板を800℃未満の温度に保持することを含む、(1)(2)又は(3)に記載の方法。
(17)前記成長工程には、基板を600℃以下の温度に保持することを含む、(16)に記載の方法。
(18)絶縁性単結晶GaN膜の作製装置であって、
所望の相のGaNと整合する適当な格子を有する単結晶基板を収容する分子ビームエピタキシャル反応室、
分子ビームガリウム源、
活性窒素源、および
前記基板を前記のガリウム源と窒素源に暴露させて、低温核形成工程と高温成長工程を含む2工程成長法を用いて膜を蒸着させる手段、
を含む装置。
(19)ドープしたGaN膜の作製装置であって、
所望の相のGaNと整合する適当な格子を有する単結晶基板を収容する分子ビームエピタキシャル反応室、
ガリウム源、活性窒素源及びアクセプタまたはドナー源、
前記基板の表面に負または正のバイアスをかける手段、および
前記基板を前記のガリウム源、窒素源及びアクセプタまたはドナー源に暴露して、低温核形成工程と高温成長工程とを含む2工程成長法を用いて膜を蒸着させる手段、
を含む装置。
(20)高絶縁性単結晶GaN薄膜の作製装置であって、
膜を蒸着させるべき基板を収容する分子ビームエピタキシャル反応室、
前記膜の一つの成分の活性種を前記基板に向かわせるための電子サイクロトロン共鳴マイクロ波プラズマ源、および
前記膜の別の成分のビームを前記基板に向けて、前記基板上に前記膜を蒸着させる装置、
を含む装置。
(21)アクセプタ不純物又はドナー不純物を前記基板に向かわせる装置、および前記基板に適切に電気的にバイアスをかけることによって前記アクセプタ不純物又はドナー不純物を前記膜の中に取り込ませる装置をさらに含む、(20)に記載の装置。
0℃の範囲の温度で成長する。温度が低いために、窒素の空孔が形成される可能性は低い。温度が600℃まで上がるにつれて、非晶質膜が結晶化する。この2工程法により成長した膜は1工程法により成長した膜より優れている。
Claims (8)
- 半導体デバイスの作製方法であって、該方法は、
第1の温度でサファイア基板の表面を活性窒素に暴露し、窒化サファイア基板を形成するステップと、
前記窒化サファイア基板を、前記第1の温度より低温の第2の温度まで活性窒素の存在下で冷却するステップと、
続いて、第2の温度で、前記窒化サファイア基板の表面にガリウムと活性窒素とを暴露することで20〜50nmの窒化ガリウムのバッファ層を堆積するステップと、
前記バッファ層の堆積後、活性窒素の存在下において、前記第2の温度よりも高い第3の温度に維持して前記バッファ層を結晶化するステップと、
前記第3の温度で、前記バッファ層上にガリウムと活性窒素とを暴露することで成長層である窒化ガリウム単結晶膜を堆積するステップと
を備え、
前記第1の温度は、600℃であり、
前記第2の温度は、100℃〜400℃の範囲の温度であり、
前記第3の温度は、600℃〜900℃の範囲の温度であり、
前記各ステップは分子ビームエピタキシャル反応室内で実施される、
方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、前記第2の温度は270℃で実施される、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記暴露するステップが、
(1)窒素含有ガスを、堆積システムに導入するステップ、及び
(2)前記堆積システム内で、前記窒素含有ガスを活性化するステップ
を備えている、方法。 - 請求項3記載の方法において、前記堆積システムは、分子ビームエピタキシャル反応室を備え、前記活性窒素は、前記分子ビームエピタキシャル反応室内の窒素プラズマに含有される活性窒素種を含む、方法。
- 請求項4記載の方法において、前記分子ビームエピタキシャル反応室は、そこに取り付けられた電子サイクロトロン共鳴システムを有し、前記窒素プラズマは、前記電子サイクロトロン共鳴システムにより引き起こされる、前記分子ビームエピタキシャル反応室内の前記窒素含有ガスと高エネルギ電子との間の相互作用により創出される、方法。
- 請求項5記載の方法において、前記分子ビームエピタキシャル反応室は、加熱タングステンフィラメントを備えている、方法。
- 請求項5記載の方法において、前記分子ビームエピタキシャル反応室は、マイクロ波発生器を備えている、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記成長層を堆積するステップは、基板の表面に正又は負のバイアスをかけ、p型又はn型のドープ材料を含む、方法。
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2000
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JP3817206B2 (ja) | 2006-09-06 |
DE69229265T2 (de) | 1999-09-23 |
JP2006186383A (ja) | 2006-07-13 |
JP2007201480A (ja) | 2007-08-09 |
JP2010093271A (ja) | 2010-04-22 |
JPH06508000A (ja) | 1994-09-08 |
JP2003110198A (ja) | 2003-04-11 |
US5686738A (en) | 1997-11-11 |
EP0576566B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 |
EP0576566A1 (en) | 1994-01-05 |
JP2000319092A (ja) | 2000-11-21 |
US6123768A (en) | 2000-09-26 |
JP2012248856A (ja) | 2012-12-13 |
JP2009021619A (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
WO1992016966A1 (en) | 1992-10-01 |
US5385862A (en) | 1995-01-31 |
JP3098773B2 (ja) | 2000-10-16 |
DE69229265D1 (de) | 1999-07-01 |
JP2011176370A (ja) | 2011-09-08 |
EP0576566A4 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
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