JP4643256B2 - 燃料電池発電設備の運転停止のシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池発電設備の運転停止のシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4643256B2 JP4643256B2 JP2004517767A JP2004517767A JP4643256B2 JP 4643256 B2 JP4643256 B2 JP 4643256B2 JP 2004517767 A JP2004517767 A JP 2004517767A JP 2004517767 A JP2004517767 A JP 2004517767A JP 4643256 B2 JP4643256 B2 JP 4643256B2
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 191
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 127
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 127
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 117
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
Claims (8)
- 燃料電池発電設備を運転停止および再起動する方法であって、この燃料電池発電設備は、水素含有還元性流体およびプロセス酸化剤反応物流体から電流を発生するための少なくとも1個の燃料電池12を備え、この燃料電池は、電解質18の両側にアノード電極14およびカソード電極16を含み、燃料電池の運転中は、水素含有還元性流体が、アノード電極14に隣接するアノード流れ区域28を通って流れ、プロセス酸化剤反応物流体が、カソード電極16に隣接するカソード流れ区域30を通って流れ、アノード電極およびカソード電極に接続された外部回路90が、燃料電池12によって発生される電流を伝導させ、主要負荷92が、主要負荷スイッチ94によって外部回路90に接続されて電流を受け取り、この方法は、
a. 主要負荷92が、燃料電池12から電流を受け取ることを中止するように、主要負荷スイッチ94の接続を解除し、
b. カソード流れ区域30を通るプロセス酸化剤反応物流体の流れを停止し、
c. 補助負荷96を外部回路90に接続して燃料電池12からあらゆる電流を受け取ることにより燃料電池12内に残る酸素を消費し、
d. 燃料電池12内に残る酸素が消費された後に補助負荷96の接続を解除し、
e. 次いで、DC電源102からの電流が、外部回路90を通ってアノード電極14およびカソード電極16へ流れてカソード流れ区域30内の水素濃度を高めるように、電源スイッチ104によって外部回路90にDC電源102を接続し、
f. 次いで、燃料電池発電設備が運転停止されている間に、水素が少なくとも0.0001%、残部が燃料電池不活性ガスである平衡ガス濃度が、アノード流れ区域14およびカソード流れ区域16内両方で達成された後に、DC電源102の接続を解除し、かつ、アノード流れ区域28への水素含有還元性流体の導入を停止する、
ステップを含むことを特徴とする、燃料電池発電設備の運転停止・再起動方法。 - ステップa.〜f.を行っている間に、アノード排気流れをアノード出口42からアノード入口40へ再循環させるさらなるステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池発電設備の運転停止・再起動方法。
- アノード流れ区域28への水素含有還元性流体の導入を停止するステップの後に、酸化剤流れをアノード流れ区域28およびカソード流れ区域30の一方または両方へ導入して、アノード流れ区域28およびカソード流れ区域30の一方または両方が周囲圧力より低くなるのを防止するさらなるステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池発電設備の運転停止・再起動方法。
- アノード流れ区域28への水素含有還元性流体の導入を停止するステップの後に、酸化剤流れをアノード再循環ライン78を通してアノード流れ区域28へ導入して、アノード流れ区域28が周囲圧力より低くなるのを防止するさらなるステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池発電設備の運転停止・再起動方法。
- 水素が少なくとも0.0001%、残部が燃料電池不活性ガスである平衡ガス濃度が達成され、次いで、アノード流れ区域28への水素含有還元性流体の導入を停止するステップの後に、周囲空気を燃料電池12の周りにおよび燃料電池12を囲む換気筐体86を通して流す換気ファン88による燃料電池の換気を停止するさらなるステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池発電設備の運転停止・再起動方法。
- 運転停止した燃料電池12を起動する前におよびその起動中に、換気ファン88を作動させて周囲空気を燃料電池12の周りに流すことにより換気筐体86からあらゆる水素を取り除くステップを含み、燃料電池12の起動は、プロセス酸化剤反応物流体をカソード流れ区域30を通して流し、水素含有還元性流体をアノード流れ区域28を通して流し、主要負荷92が燃料電池12から電流を受け取るように主要負荷スイッチ94を接続するステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項5記載の燃料電池発電設備の運転停止・再起動方法。
- 水素が少なくとも0.0001%、残部が燃料電池不活性ガスである平衡ガス濃度が達成され、次いで、アノード流れ区域28への水素含有還元性流体の導入を停止するステップの後に、水素濃度を決定するように設備が運転停止されている間に燃料電池内の燃料電池水素検出器89を監視し、検出器89が、所望の水素濃度範囲内に水素濃度を維持するのに追加水素が必要とされることを表示するときはいつでも、水素をアノード流れ区域28へ導入するさらなるステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池発電設備の運転停止・再起動方法。
- 水素が少なくとも0.0001%、残部が燃料電池不活性ガスである平衡ガス濃度が達成され、次いで、アノード流れ区域28への水素含有還元性流体の導入を停止するステップの後に、補助負荷96を外部回路90に接続して燃料電池12からあらゆる電流を受け取るさらなるステップを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池発電設備の運転停止・再起動方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/180,393 US6835479B2 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2002-06-26 | System and method for shutting down a fuel cell power plant |
PCT/US2003/019857 WO2004004057A1 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2003-06-23 | System and method for shutting down a fuel cell power plant |
Publications (2)
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JP2005531123A JP2005531123A (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
JP4643256B2 true JP4643256B2 (ja) | 2011-03-02 |
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JP2004517767A Expired - Fee Related JP4643256B2 (ja) | 2002-06-26 | 2003-06-23 | 燃料電池発電設備の運転停止のシステムおよび方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6835479B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4643256B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003245654A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE10392873B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004004057A1 (ja) |
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- 2003-06-23 JP JP2004517767A patent/JP4643256B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE10392873T5 (de) | 2012-08-23 |
US6835479B2 (en) | 2004-12-28 |
JP2005531123A (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
DE10392873B4 (de) | 2018-12-06 |
US20040001980A1 (en) | 2004-01-01 |
WO2004004057A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
AU2003245654A1 (en) | 2004-01-19 |
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