JP4582635B2 - リチウムイオンバッテリー用のセパレータ電極ユニット、その製造方法及びリチウムバッテリーのためのその使用 - Google Patents
リチウムイオンバッテリー用のセパレータ電極ユニット、その製造方法及びリチウムバッテリーのためのその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4582635B2 JP4582635B2 JP2004531785A JP2004531785A JP4582635B2 JP 4582635 B2 JP4582635 B2 JP 4582635B2 JP 2004531785 A JP2004531785 A JP 2004531785A JP 2004531785 A JP2004531785 A JP 2004531785A JP 4582635 B2 JP4582635 B2 JP 4582635B2
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Images
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Description
2 外部加熱。
S450PET−セパレータ(先行技術による比較モデル)の製造
エタノール160gに、まず5質量%のHCl水溶液15g、テトラエトキシシラン10g、メチルトリエトキシシラン2.5g及びDynasilan GLYMO(全てのDynasilaneの製造元:Degussa AG)7.5gを添加した。このゾルをまず数時間撹拌し、次いでこのゾル中に酸化アルミニウムMartoxid MZS-1及びMartoxid MZS-3(両方の酸化アルミニウムの製造元:Martinswerke)それぞれ125gを懸濁させた。このスラリーを少なくとも更に24時間磁気攪拌機で均質化し、その際、溶剤損失を生じさせないために撹拌容器は密閉しなければならなかった。
先行技術によるハイブリッドセラミックセパレータを有するLiイオンバッテリー
比較例1により製造されたS450PETセパレータを、LiCoO2からなる正極材料、黒鉛からなる負極材料及びエチレンカーボナート/ジメチルカーボナート中の1M−LiPF6からなる電解質からなるLiイオンバッテリー中に浸漬した[LiCoO2//S−450PET、EC/DMC 1:1、1M LiPF6//黒鉛]。このバッテリーは数百サイクルにわたり安定であった。セパレータ中でのまさに大きな内部抵抗に基づき、セルの容量の約90%だけが一定の電流で放電できた。
正の電極(カソード)のセラミックセパレータ層での被覆
Al2O3(AlCoA, CT3000 SG)200gを、エタノール160g中に分散させた。この溶液に、テトラエトキシシラン(Dynasilan A, Degussa AG)10g、メチルトリエトキシシラン(Dynasilan MTES, Degussa AG)10g及びDegussa-Silan GLYMO(同様にDegussa AG)10g並びに5%HNO3 15gを添加した。この混合物を一晩中撹拌し、Al2O3粉末の良好な分散液が得られた。
正の電極(カソード)のセラミックセパレータ層での被覆
Al2O3(AlCoA, CT3000 SG)75gを、エタノール160g中に分散させた。この溶液に、テトラエトキシシラン(Dynasilan A, Degussa AG)10g及びトリエトキシ(トリデカフルオロオクチル)シラン(同様にDegussa AG)10gならびに5%HNO3 15gを添加した。この混合物を一晩中撹拌し、Al2O3粉末の良好な分散液が得られた。
負の電極(アノード)のセラミックセパレータ層での被覆
Al2O3 MZS−1及びMZS−3(両方ともMartinswerke)それぞれ125gをエタノール160g中に分散させた。この溶液に、テトラエトキシシラン(Dynasilan A, Degussa AG)10g、メチルトリエトキシシラン(Dynasilan MTES, Degussa AG)10g及びDegussa-Silan GLYMO(同様にDegussa AG)10g並びに5%HNO3 15gを添加した。この混合物を一晩中撹拌し、Al2O3粉末の良好な分散液が得られた。
負の電極(アノード)のセラミックセパレータ層での被覆
Al2O3 MZS−1及びMZS−3(両方ともMartinswerke)それぞれ45gをエタノール160g中に分散させた。この溶液に、テトラエトキシシラン(Dynasilan A, Degussa AG)10g、メチルトリエトキシシラン(Dynasilan MTES, Degussa AG)10g及びDegussa-Silan GLYMO(同様にDegussa AG)10g並びに5%HNO3 15gを添加した。この混合物を一晩中撹拌し、Al2O3粉末の良好な分散液が得られた。
本発明によるセパレータ電極ユニットを含有するLiバッテリー
実施例1bのセパレータ−カソード−ユニット及び実施例2bのセパレータ−アノード−ユニットとから、これらのセパレータ電極ユニットのラミネートによりバッテリーセルを作成した。このバッテリーは、エチレンカーボナート/ジメチルカーボナート中の1M−LiPF6からなる電解質で含浸した。このバッテリーは数百サイクルにわたり安定であった。セパレータ中での明らかにわずかな内部抵抗に基づき、セルのほとんど全ての容量が一定の電流で放電できた。薄いセパレータ層及びわずかな面積重量に基づき、更に、質量並びに体積に関する比エネルギー密度は明らかに高い。
Claims (30)
- リチウムバッテリー中での電極として適した多孔性の電極と、前記の電極上に設けられたセパレータ層とを有するセパレータ電極ユニットにおいて、前記のセパレータ電極ユニットは、平均粒径が異なりかつ/又は金属が相互に異なる少なくとも2つのフラクションの金属酸化物粒子を有する無機セパレータ層を有し、前記のセパレータ層は、多孔性の電極の細孔の平均孔径(d)よりも大きな平均粒径(Dg)を有するAl 2 O 3 及び/又はZrO 2 からなる金属酸化物粒子を有し、前記の金属酸化物粒子は、多孔性の正の電極の細孔よりも小さな粒径(Dk)を有する金属酸化物粒子により接着されていることを特徴とする、セパレータ電極ユニット。
- セパレータ層は100Dg未満でかつ1.5Dg以上の厚さ(z)を有することを特徴とする、請求項1記載のセパレータ電極ユニット。
- セパレータ層は20Dg未満でかつ5Dg以上の厚さ(z)を有することを特徴とする、請求項1又は2記載のセパレータ電極ユニット。
- 多孔性の正の電極の細孔の平均孔径(d)よりも大きな平均粒径(Dg)を有する金属酸化物粒子は、Al2O3粒子及び/又はZrO2粒子であることを特徴とする、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載のセパレータ電極ユニット。
- 多孔性の正の電極の細孔の平均孔径(d)よりも小さな平均粒径(Dk)を有する金属酸化物粒子は、SiO2粒子及び/又はZrO2粒子であることを特徴とする、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項記載のセパレータ電極ユニット。
- 多孔性の正の電極の細孔の平均孔径(d)よりも大きな平均粒径(Dg)を有する金属酸化物粒子は、10μmよりも小さな平均粒径(Dg)を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項記載のセパレータ電極ユニット。
- セパレータ層は、所望の遮断温度で溶融する粒子、いわゆる遮断粒子を有するさらなる被覆を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載のセパレータ電極ユニット。
- 遮断粒子は、多孔性のセパレータ層の細孔の平均孔径(ds)と同じか又はより大きい平均粒径(Dw)を有することを特徴とする、請求項7記載のセパレータ電極ユニット。
- 遮断粒子層は、遮断粒子の平均粒径(Dw)とほぼ同じ〜10Dwまでの厚さ(zw)を有することを特徴とする、請求項7又は8記載のセパレータ電極ユニット。
- セパレータ層は30〜70%の多孔率を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から9までのいずれか1項記載のセパレータ電極ユニット。
- ユニットを損傷することなしに50cmまでの半径にまで曲げることができることを特徴とする、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項記載のセパレータ電極ユニット。
- 電極が、正の電極(カソード)又は負の電極(アノード)として適した電極であることを特徴とする、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項記載のセパレータ電極ユニット。
- 基材としての、リチウムバッテリー中での正の電極(カソード)又は負の電極(アノード)として適した多孔性の電極上に、ゾル中に金属酸化物粒子を有する懸濁液を塗布し、かつ少なくとも1種の熱処理により電極上に無機セパレータ層を固定することにより、セパレータ層として多孔性の無機被覆を製造し、その際、懸濁液は多孔性の正の電極の細孔の平均孔径(d)よりも大きな平均粒径(Dg)を有する金属酸化物粒子を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載のセパレータ電極ユニットの製造方法。
- 多孔性の正の電極の細孔の平均孔径(d)よりも大きな平均粒径(Dg)を有する金属酸化物粒子又は金属酸化物粒子として、懸濁液の製造のために、Al2O3粒子及び/又はZrO2粒子を使用することを特徴とする、請求項13記載の方法。
- 金属酸化物粒子として使用された粒子は、3μm未満の平均粒径を有することを特徴とする、請求項13又は14記載の方法。
- 懸濁液を、印刷、圧縮、圧入、ローラ塗布、ブレード塗布、刷毛塗り、浸漬塗布、吹き付け塗布又は流延塗布により、基材上に適用することを特徴とする、請求項13から15までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 金属酸化物粒子対ゾルの重量比が1:1000〜2:1である懸濁液を使用することを特徴とする、請求項13から16までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 懸濁液は元素Al、Zr又はSiの少なくとも1種のゾル又は前記のゾルの混合物を有し、かつ前記の少なくとも1種のゾル中に金属酸化物粒子を懸濁させることにより製造されることを特徴とする、請求項13から17までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- ゾルが粒子状ゾルであることを特徴とする、請求項18記載の方法。
- ゾルがポリマーのゾルであることを特徴とする、請求項18記載の方法。
- ゾルは、元素Al、Zr又はSiの少なくとも1種のアルコラート化合物を、水又は酸で加水分解することによるか又はこれらの化合物の組み合わせで加水分解することにより得られることを特徴とする、請求項18から20までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- この懸濁液に、懸濁液の粘度を調節するためにヒュームドシリカが添加されることを特徴とする、請求項13から21までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 懸濁液に対してシリカの質量割合は、0.1〜10質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項22記載の方法。
- 電極上に適用された懸濁液を、50〜500℃に加熱することにより固定することを特徴とする、請求項13から23までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 加熱を200〜280℃の温度で0.5〜10分間行うことを特徴とする、請求項24記載の方法。
- 電極上に適用された懸濁液の固定後に、セパレータ電極ユニットに遮断メカニズムを生じさせるために、所望の遮断温度で溶融する粒子、いわゆる遮断粒子からなる更なる層を適用することを特徴とする、請求項13から25までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- セパレータ層の平均孔径よりも大きい平均粒径を有する遮断粒子の、ゾル、水、溶剤又は溶剤混合物中の懸濁液を塗布することにより遮断粒子からなる層を作成することを特徴とする、請求項26記載の方法。
- 遮断粒子の懸濁液が、更に定着剤を有することを特徴とする、請求項27記載の方法。
- リチウムバッテリーのための、請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載のセパレータ電極ユニットの使用
- 請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載のセパレータ電極ユニットを有するバッテリー。
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| DE10238943A DE10238943B4 (de) | 2002-08-24 | 2002-08-24 | Separator-Elektroden-Einheit für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Verwendung in Lithium-Batterien sowie eine Batterie, aufweisend die Separator-Elektroden-Einheit |
| PCT/EP2003/007158 WO2004021475A1 (de) | 2002-08-24 | 2003-07-04 | Separator-elektroden-einheit für lithium-ionen-batterien, verfahren zu deren herstellung und verwendung in lithium-batterien |
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| AT (1) | ATE432538T1 (ja) |
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-
2002
- 2002-08-24 DE DE10238943A patent/DE10238943B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2003-07-04 KR KR1020057003100A patent/KR100987313B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-04 DE DE50311553T patent/DE50311553D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-04 WO PCT/EP2003/007158 patent/WO2004021475A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-07-04 CN CNB038200473A patent/CN100380711C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-04 AT AT03790783T patent/ATE432538T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-04 US US10/524,665 patent/US7811700B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-04 KR KR1020107018437A patent/KR101059728B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-04 AU AU2003246377A patent/AU2003246377A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-04 JP JP2004531785A patent/JP4582635B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-04 EP EP03790783A patent/EP1535356B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| DE10238943A1 (de) | 2004-03-04 |
| KR20050035282A (ko) | 2005-04-15 |
| KR100987313B1 (ko) | 2010-10-13 |
| US7858222B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 |
| EP1535356A1 (de) | 2005-06-01 |
| DE50311553D1 (de) | 2009-07-09 |
| ATE432538T1 (de) | 2009-06-15 |
| US20100291293A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
| AU2003246377A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 |
| JP2006505100A (ja) | 2006-02-09 |
| TW200404378A (en) | 2004-03-16 |
| EP1535356B1 (de) | 2009-05-27 |
| US20050221192A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
| WO2004021475A1 (de) | 2004-03-11 |
| CN1685539A (zh) | 2005-10-19 |
| KR20100097767A (ko) | 2010-09-03 |
| KR101059728B1 (ko) | 2011-08-26 |
| DE10238943B4 (de) | 2013-01-03 |
| CN100380711C (zh) | 2008-04-09 |
| US7811700B2 (en) | 2010-10-12 |
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