JP4578091B2 - 反射型液晶表示装置を構成する光硬化型光散乱膜用組成物、およびそれを用いた光散乱膜 - Google Patents
反射型液晶表示装置を構成する光硬化型光散乱膜用組成物、およびそれを用いた光散乱膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4578091B2 JP4578091B2 JP2003417858A JP2003417858A JP4578091B2 JP 4578091 B2 JP4578091 B2 JP 4578091B2 JP 2003417858 A JP2003417858 A JP 2003417858A JP 2003417858 A JP2003417858 A JP 2003417858A JP 4578091 B2 JP4578091 B2 JP 4578091B2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D123/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D123/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D123/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
例えば、反射型液晶表示装置においては、視認性向上のため、基材樹脂中に基材樹脂とは異なる屈折率の微粒子を分散させてなる、反射防止膜、光拡散膜、光散乱膜等を設け、光の反射、拡散、散乱を制御することが行われている。
しかし、従来の光散乱膜は、光の散乱特性及び表面平滑性の点で、充分に満足するものではなかった。
れる反射型液晶表示装置を構成する光硬化型光散乱膜用組成物を提供することにある。
フッ素含有エチレン性不飽和単量体10〜60重量%および他のエチレン性不飽和単量体90〜40重量%を共重合させてなる、平均粒子径が0.8〜5.0μmのフッ素含有樹脂微粒子(A−2)であって、
(A−1)との平均粒子径の差が0.21〜0.58μmである第2のフッ素含有樹脂微粒子(A−2)、
あるいは、屈折率が1.30以上1.50未満、平均粒子径が0.8〜5.0μmのシリコーン樹脂微粒子(A−3)と、
屈折率が1.50以上1.70以下の透明樹脂と、
を含む光散乱膜用組成物であって、
かつ(A−1)と(A−2)、または(A−1)と(A−3)を含む微粒子全体の変動係数が6.0〜20.0%であることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の光散乱膜は、上記組成物を用いて形成されたものである。
フッ素含有エチレン性不飽和単量体10〜60重量%および他のエチレン性不飽和単量体90〜40重量%を共重合させてなる、平均粒子径が0.8〜5.0μmのフッ素含有樹脂微粒子(A−2)であって、
(A−1)との平均粒子径の差が0.21〜0.58μmである第2のフッ素含有樹脂微粒子(A−2)、
あるいは、屈折率が1.30以上1.50未満、平均粒子径が0.8〜5.0μmのシリコーン樹脂微粒子(A−3)と、
屈折率が1.50以上1.70以下の透明樹脂と、
を含む光散乱膜用組成物であって、
かつ(A−1)と(A−2)、または(A−1)と(A−3)を含む微粒子全体の変動係数が6.0〜20.0%であるため、該組成物を用いることにより、光散乱機能と表面平滑性に優れた光散乱膜を形成することができる。
本発明の光散乱膜用組成物は、溶剤中で、下記式(1)または下記式(2)で表される重合開 始剤と、さらにノニオン性重合開始剤とを用いて、第1のフッ素含有樹脂微粒子(A−1)と 、
フッ素含有エチレン性不飽和単量体10〜60重量%および他のエチレン性不飽和単量体90〜40重量%を共重合させてなる、平均粒子径が0.8〜5.0μmのフッ素含有樹脂微粒子(A−2)であって、
(A−1)との平均粒子径の差が0.21〜0.58μmである第2のフッ素含有樹脂微粒子(A−2)、
あるいは、屈折率が1.30以上1.50未満、平均粒子径が0.8〜5.0μmのシリコーン樹脂微粒子(A−3)と、
屈折率が1.50以上1.70以下の透明樹脂と、
を含む光散乱膜用組成物であって、
かつ(A−1)と(A−2)、または(A−1)と(A−3)を含む微粒子全体の変動係数が6.0〜20.0%である。
なお、本発明において、フッ素含有樹脂微粒子の屈折率は、下記式から算出される理論屈折率である。
理論屈折率(nD)=W1×n1+W2×n2+W3×n3
n1:単量体Aのホモポリマーの屈折率
n2:単量体Bのホモポリマーの屈折率
n3:単量体Cのホモポリマーの屈折率
W1:単量体Aの共重合比(単量体の全量を基準とする重量比)
W2:単量体Bの共重合比(単量体の全量を基準とする重量比)
W3:単量体Cの共重合比(単量体の全量を基準とする重量比)
式(1)
式(2)
フッ素含有エチレン性不飽和単量体は、エチレン性不飽和単量体の全量を基準として10〜60重量%の範囲で他のエチレン性不飽和単量体と共重合させる。フッ素含有エチレン性不飽和単量体の共重合比が10重量%未満であると、得られるフッ素含有樹脂微粒子の屈折率が高くなるため十分な光散乱性を示さず、60重量%を越えると表面平滑性の優れた光散乱膜が得られない。
架橋性単量体は、架橋性を与えるための官能基を有している二官能あるいは三官能以上の多官能単量体であり、架橋剤として機能する。架橋性単量体が有する官能基のうち少なくとも1つは、非架橋性単量体と共重合させるために必要であり、他の官能基は、架橋性を与えるための官能基として機能する。
架橋性単量体が有する架橋性を与えるための官能基としては、ビニル基、ヒドロキシル基、エポキシ基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシシリル基等が挙げられ挙げられるが、特にこれらに限定されるものではない。
架橋性単量体としては、重合時の樹脂微粒子の凝集及び多分散化が起こりにくく、得られる樹脂微粒子の耐熱性も良いという点から、反応性が異なる官能基を有する単量体を用いることが好ましい。具体的には、(メタ)アクリル酸残基、クロトン酸残基、マレイン酸残基、イタコン酸残基等の重合性不飽和カルボン酸残基と、前記重合性不飽和カルボン酸残基以外の反応性官能基とを有する単量体が好ましく、特に(メタ)アクリル酸残基およびビニル基を有するエチレン性不飽和単量体が好ましい。
ビニル基としては、例えば、エテニル基、1-プロペニル基、アリル基、イソプロペニル基、1-ブテニル基、2-ブテニル基、2-ペンテニル基等の炭素数1〜11の不飽和基含有アルキル基;スチリル基、シンナミル基等の不飽和基含有芳香族基;テトラヒドロフルフリル基等の複素環基含有アクリル基等が挙げられる。
ヒドロキシル基としては、例えば、ヒドロキシ基;ヒドロキシメチレン基、ヒドロキシエチレン基等のヒドロキシアルキレン基が挙げられる。
エポキシ基としては、例えば、グリシジル基、3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
アルコキシシリル基としては、トリメトキシシリル基、トリエトキシシリル基等のアルコキシシリル基等が挙げられる。
架橋性単量体は、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。また、架橋性単量体の共重合比は、単量体の全量を基準として5〜20重量%であることが好ましい。
前記単量体の共重合は、単量体の量が溶剤量を基準として10〜30重量%となる単量体濃度で行うことが好ましい。
下記式(1)もしくは下記式(2)で表される重合開始剤は、前記単量体の全量に対して0.01〜0.30重量%の比率で用いることが好ましい。
ノニオン性重合開始剤は、重合溶剤に溶解し、熱によりラジカルを発生するもので、得られる重合体の分子末端がイオン性にならない化合物であれる。ノニオン性重合開始剤としては、アゾニトリル化合物、アルキルアゾ化合物、アゾアミド化合物等のノニオン性アゾ重合開始剤や、ケトンパーオキサイド類、パーオキシケタール類、ヒドロパーオキサイド類、ジアルキルパーオキサイド類、ジアシルパーオキサイド類、パーオキシジカーボネート類、パーオキシジカーボネート類、パーオキシエステル類等の有機過酸化物を用いることができる。
アルキルアゾ化合物としては、例えば、2,2'-アゾビス(2,4,4-トリメチルペンタン)(VR-110、和光純薬製)、2,2'-アゾビス(2-メチルプロパン)(VR-160、和光純薬製)等が挙げられる。
パーオキシケタール類としては、例えば、1,1-ビス(t-ヘキシルパーオキシ)3,3,5-トリメチルシクロヘキサン(パーヘキサTMH、日本油脂製)、1,1-ビス(t-ヘキシルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン(パーヘキサHC、日本油脂製)、1,1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)3,3,5-トリメチルシクロヘキサン(パーヘキサ3M、日本油脂製)、1,1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン(パーヘキサC、日本油脂製)、1,1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロドデカン(パーヘキサCD、日本油脂製)、2,2-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)ブタン(パーヘキサ22、日本油脂製)、n-ブチル4,4-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)バレレート(パーヘキサV、日本油脂製)、2,2-ビス(4,4-ジ-t-ブチルパーオキシシクロヘキシル)プロパン(パーテトラA、日本油脂製)等が挙げられる。
ジアルキルパーオキサイド類としては、例えば、2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキシン-3(パーヘキシン25B、日本油脂製)、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド(パーブチルD、日本油脂製)、t-ブチルクミルパーオキシド(パーブチルC、日本油脂製)、2,5-ジメチル-2,5-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサン(パーヘキサ25B、日本油脂製)、ジクミルパーオキシド(パークミルD、日本油脂製)、α,α'-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)ジイソプロピルベンゼン(パーブチルP、日本油脂製)等が挙げられる。
パーオキシジカーボネート類としては、例えば、ジ-n-プロピルパーオキシジカーボネート(パーロイルNPP-50M、日本油脂製)、ジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート(パーロイルIPP-50、日本油脂製)、ビス(4-t-ブチルシクロヘキシル)パーオキシジカーボネート(パーロイルTCP、日本油脂製)、ジ-2-エトキシエチルパーオキシジカーボネート(パーロイルEEP、日本油脂製)、ジ-2-エトキシヘキシルパーオキシジカーボネート(パーロイルOPP、日本油脂製)、ジ-2-メトキシブチルパーオキシジカーボネート(パーロイルMBP、日本油脂製)、ジ(3-メチル-3-メトキシブチル)パーオキシジカーボネート(パーロイルSOP、日本油脂製)等が挙げられる。
中でも、10時間半減期温度の低いノニオン性ラジカル重合開始剤を使用することにより、少量で効果的に粒子径を大きくすることができる。
ノニオン性重合開始剤は、前記単量体の全量に対して0〜10.0重量%の比率で用いることができ、前記カチオン性の水溶性アゾ重合開始剤と同時に添加することが好ましい。
あるいは、前記溶剤中に前記他のエチレン性不飽和単量体を均一に溶解し、溶存酸素を除去、60℃に加熱後、前記カチオン性水溶性アゾ重合開始剤をイオン交換水に溶解したものを、必要に応じて前記ノニオン性重合開始剤と同時に添加し、3〜10時間加熱攪拌し、得られた微粒子分散液中に、前記フッ素含有エチレン性不飽和単量体および前記他のエチレン性不飽和単量体を溶解し、前記ノニオン性重合開始剤を添加し、3〜10時間加熱攪拌する方法で合成される。
また、フッ素含有エチレン性不飽和単量体10〜60重量%および他のエチレン性不飽和単量体90〜40重量%を共重合させてなるフッ素含有樹脂微粒子の屈折率は、1.5未満であるが、1.36以上1.49以下であることが好ましい。
しかし、変動係数の小さい微粒子のみを含む光散乱膜用組成物を用いて形成された光散乱膜には、モアレ(干渉縞)が生じることから、平均粒子径が異なる2種以上のフッ素含有樹脂微粒子を含有させ、2種以上のフッ素含有樹脂微粒子をあわせたフッ素含有樹脂微粒子全体の変動係数が6.0〜20.0%となるようにすることが好ましい。フッ素含有樹脂微粒子全体の変動係数が6.0%未満ではモアレが生じ、変動係数が20.0%を越えると表面粗さが悪くなる。
屈折率が1.30以上1.50未満の他の低屈折率微粒子としては、フッ素樹脂(屈折率約1.35)、シリコーン樹脂(屈折率約1.45)、塩化ビニル樹脂(屈折率約1.45)、酢酸ビニル樹脂(屈折率約1.46)、ポリプロピレン樹脂(屈折率約1.49)、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(屈折率約1.47)等の樹脂微粒子、及びホロシリケイト(屈折率約1.43)等の無機微粒子が挙げられるが、特にこれらに限定されるものではない。
高屈折率透明樹脂としては、アクリル系樹脂(屈折率1.50〜1.55)、フルオレン樹脂(屈折率約1.6)、フェノール樹脂(屈折率約1.7)、セルロース(屈折率約1.54)、ユリア樹脂(屈折率約1.57)、ポリ酢酸ビニル(屈折率約1.53)、ポリ塩化ビニル(屈折率約1.54)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(屈折率約1.68)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(屈折率約1.67)、ポリスチレン(屈折率約1.59)、ポリカーボネート(屈折率約1.58)、ポリアミド(屈折率約1.53)ポリアリレート(屈折率約1.60)等が挙げられるが、特にこれらに限定されるものではない。
また、光散乱膜用組成物をリソグラフィ法によりパターニングする際にアルカリ現像する場合には、屈折率が1.50以上1.70以下の高屈折率透明樹脂として、アルカリ可溶性のもの、例えば、フルオレン樹脂や、カルボキシル基を有するアクリル系樹脂等を用いることが好ましい。
エチレン性不飽和化合物は、1種を単独で、あるいは2種以上を混合して用いられる。
光散乱膜用組成物は、各成分を混合し、シェーカー、デスパー、サンドミル、アトライター等の各種分散装置を用いて分散することにより製造することができる。
光散乱膜用組成物は、焼結フィルタ、メンブレンフィルタ等の手段にて、5μm以上の粗大粒子および混入した塵の除去を行うことが好ましい。
光散乱膜は、ガラス板等の透明基板上に、スピンコート、スリットコート、ロールコート等の塗布方法により光散乱膜用組成物を塗布、乾燥し、必要に応じて活性エネルギー線を照射することにより作成される。光散乱膜をパターニングにより形成する場合には、光散乱膜用組成物を塗布、乾燥後に、フォトマスクを介して組成物塗布面側から活性エネルギー線を照射し、溶剤またはアルカリ現像液に漬浸するかスプレーなどにより現像液を噴霧して未照射部、すなわち未硬化部を除去して現像を行い、所望の形状のパターンを形成する。
光散乱膜用組成物の塗布膜厚は、0.2〜5.0μm(乾燥時)の範囲であることが好ましく、塗工性と光散乱特性のバランスが良好なことから0.5〜3.5μmの範囲であることがより好ましい。
なお、活性エネルギー線による露光感度を上げるために、光散乱膜用組成物を塗布乾燥後、水溶性あるいはアルカリ可溶性樹脂、例えばポリビニルアルコールや水溶性アクリル樹脂等を塗布乾燥し酸素による重合阻害を防止する膜を形成した後、組成物塗布面側から活性エネルギー線を照射することもできる。
[樹脂微粒子1の合成]
攪拌機、還流冷却器、温度計、窒素導入管のついた反応器にメタノール68.5部、水16.32部、メチルメタクリレート(和光純薬製)12.75部、トリフルオロエチルメタクリレート(和光純薬製)1.5部、アリルメタクリレート(和光純薬製)0.75部を仕込み、窒素ガスを流し溶存酸素を除去した。反応器を60℃に加熱後、2,2'-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)ジヒドロクロリド(和光純薬製「V-50」)0.025部をイオン交換水0.5部に溶解したものと2,2'-アゾビス(4-メトキシ-2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)(和光純薬製「V-70」)0.003部を同時に添加し6時間加熱攪拌した後、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド(日本油脂製「ナイパーBW」)0.015部を添加し、さらに2時間加熱攪拌を行い、固形分15%、粒径2.10μm、変動係数3.60%の単分散フッ素含有樹脂微粒子分散液を得た。次に、シクロヘキサノンを加え、ストリッピング工程を経て固形分20%の単分散フッ素含有樹脂微粒子シクロヘキサノン分散液を得た。
予め反応容器に仕込む溶剤組成、単量体組成、ノニオン性重合開始剤の種類、仕込み量を表1に示す量に変更した以外は、樹脂微粒子1と同様に重合し、ストリッピング工程を経て固形分20%の単分散フッ素含有樹脂微粒子シクロヘキサノン分散液を得た。
表1に、フッ素含有樹脂微粒子の合成条件、平均粒径、変動係数を示す。
フッ素含有樹脂微粒子の平均粒子径及び変動係数は、粒子を光学顕微鏡(OLYMPUS製「BX60」)にて観察し、画像解析・計測ソフトウェア(三谷商事製「Mac Scope」)を用い、粒子100個の直径を実測して算出した。
AMA:アリルメタクリレート
M−3F:トリフルオロエチルメタクリレート
表2に示す樹脂微粒子のシクロヘキサノン分散液を含む下記の光散乱膜用組成物処方の組成物をマルチシェーカー(アイラー社製「MMS-310」)を用いて混合し、100mm×100mm×1.1mmのガラス板にスピンコーターで塗工し、70℃で20分乾燥後、超高圧水銀ランプを用いて、積算光量150mJで紫外線露光後、230℃1時間加熱し、約3μmの光散乱膜を形成した。実施例8では、フッ素含有樹脂微粒子以外の微粒子として、シリコーン樹脂微粒子(東芝シリコーン製「トスパール120」、屈折率1.45、平均粒子径2.0μm)を用いた。「トスパール120」は粉体であり、固形分が20%になるようシクロヘキサノンを加えた。
樹脂微粒子のシクロヘキサノン分散液(固形分20%) 33.6 %
フルオレン樹脂(屈折率1.6、重量平均分子量4000)のプロピレングリコールモノメ チルエーテルアセテート溶液(固形分60%) 24.6 %
ジペンタエリスリトールペンタ及びヘキサアクリレート
(東亞合成製「アロニックスM-402」) 7.5 %
光重合開始剤(チバガイギー製「イルガキュア907」) 0.9 %
ノニオン性界面活性剤 1.0 %
シクロヘキサノン 32.4 %
また、2種以上の樹脂微粒子を含む場合には、フッ素含有樹脂微粒子の変動係数の算出方法と同様の方法で、微粒子全体の変動係数を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
また、実施例1、4〜7においては、2種類以上のフッ素含有樹脂微粒子を使用しているため、微粒子全体の変動係数が6.0〜20.0%の範囲となり、モアレは発生しない。
また、実施例8においては、フッ素含有樹脂微粒子以外の低屈折樹脂微粒子を含み、変動係数が6.0〜20.0%の範囲に調整されているため、高HAZEでモアレのない光散乱膜が得られる。
比較例1の樹脂微粒子6はフッ素を含有しない為、低HAZEで十分な光散乱能が得られない。
比較例2の樹脂微粒子7はフッ素含有量が70%と多い為、塗工時に凝集が起こり、表面粗さが極端に悪く、微粒子が均一に分散した光散乱膜が得られない。
Claims (5)
- 溶剤中で、下記式(1)または下記式(2)で表される重合開始剤と、さらにノニオン性重合開始剤とを用いて、フッ素含有エチレン性不飽和単量体10〜60重量%および他のエチレン性不飽和単量体90〜40重量%を共重合させてなる、平均粒子径が0.8〜5.0μmの第1のフッ素含有樹脂微粒子(A−1)と、
フッ素含有エチレン性不飽和単量体10〜60重量%および他のエチレン性不飽和単量体90〜40重量%を共重合させてなる、平均粒子径が0.8〜5.0μmのフッ素含有樹脂微粒子(A−2)であって、
(A−1)との平均粒子径の差が0.21〜0.58μmである第2のフッ素含有樹脂微粒子(A−2)、
あるいは、屈折率が1.30以上1.50未満、平均粒子径が0.8〜5.0μmのシリコーン樹脂微粒子(A−3)と、
屈折率が1.50以上1.70以下の透明樹脂と、
を含む光散乱膜用組成物であって、
かつ(A−1)と(A−2)、または(A−1)と(A−3)を含む微粒子全体の変動係数が6.0〜20.0%であることを特徴とする反射型液晶表示装置を構成する光硬化型光散乱膜用組成物。
式(1)
式(2)
- フッ素含有樹脂微粒子(A−1)の変動係数が5%以下、かつ平均粒子径が1.3μm〜2.7μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の反射型液晶表示装置を構成する光硬化型光散乱膜用組成物。
- フッ素含有樹脂微粒子(A−1)の他のエチレン性不飽和単量体が、(メタ)アクリル酸残基およびビニル基を有するエチレン性不飽和単量体を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の反射型液晶表示装置を構成する光硬化型光散乱膜用組成物。
- さらに、エチレン性不飽和化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1ないし3いずれか1項に記載の反射型液晶表示装置を構成する光硬化型光散乱膜用組成物。
- 請求項1ないし4いずれか1項に記載の反射型液晶表示装置を構成する光硬化型光散乱膜用組成物を用いて形成された光散乱膜。
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JP5214284B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-10 | 2013-06-19 | 株式会社東芝 | 発光装置用光取り出し層、およびそれを用いた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
JP5352316B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-30 | 2013-11-27 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光散乱フィルム、偏光板、画像表示装置および透過型/半透過型液晶表示装置 |
JP5810504B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-18 | 2015-11-11 | Jnc株式会社 | 積層体およびその製造方法 |
US8772355B2 (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2014-07-08 | Howard University | Stealth polymeric particles for delivery of bioactive or diagnostic agents |
US8921429B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2014-12-30 | Howard University | Biodegradable stealth polymeric particles fabricated using the macromonomer approach by free radical dispersion polymerization |
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