JP4506821B2 - 燃料蒸気処理装置 - Google Patents
燃料蒸気処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4506821B2 JP4506821B2 JP2007303067A JP2007303067A JP4506821B2 JP 4506821 B2 JP4506821 B2 JP 4506821B2 JP 2007303067 A JP2007303067 A JP 2007303067A JP 2007303067 A JP2007303067 A JP 2007303067A JP 4506821 B2 JP4506821 B2 JP 4506821B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/003—Adding fuel vapours, e.g. drawn from engine fuel reservoir
- F02D41/0032—Controlling the purging of the canister as a function of the engine operating conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
- F02M25/0809—Judging failure of purge control system
- F02M25/0818—Judging failure of purge control system having means for pressurising the evaporative emission space
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
- F02M25/0809—Judging failure of purge control system
- F02M25/0827—Judging failure of purge control system by monitoring engine running conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
- F02M25/0836—Arrangement of valves controlling the admission of fuel vapour to an engine, e.g. valve being disposed between fuel tank or absorption canister and intake manifold
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
- F02M25/089—Layout of the fuel vapour installation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
- B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
- B60W2510/0614—Position of fuel or air injector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/18—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow
- F02D41/187—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow using a hot wire flow sensor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Supplying Secondary Fuel Or The Like To Fuel, Air Or Fuel-Air Mixtures (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
Description
ここでポンプ14の締切圧をPtとすると、圧力PがPtとなるポンプ14の締切時には流量Qが0となることから、下記の式(2)が得られる。
燃料蒸気処理装置10では、第一検出通路29の絞り50よりも第二キャニスタ13側と第二キャニスタ13と第二検出通路32とにおいて、流通ガスの圧力損失が無視できる程度に小さくされている。これにより通路開閉弁21の開状態では、ポンプ14の圧力Pと絞り50の両端間の差圧(以下、単に「差圧」という)ΔPとが実質的に等しくなると考えられる。尚、流通ガスの圧力損失が無視できない諸元としたときには、当該圧力損失分を予めECU800に記憶しておき、必要時に差圧ΔPを補正することが望ましい。
一方、通路開閉弁21の開状態において燃料蒸気を含む混合ガスが絞り50を通過するときには、第二キャニスタ13が空気のみを素通りさせるため、混合ガス中の空気の通過流量QAir’とポンプ14の吸入流量Qとが実質的に等しくなる。したがって、混合ガスが絞り50を通過するときの空気の通過流量QAir’及び差圧ΔPGasは、式(1)、(2)から得られる下記式(4)の関係を満たす。
ここで空気の通過流量QAir’は、絞り50における混合ガス全体の通過流量をQGasとし、燃料蒸気濃度をD(%)としたときに下記式(5)を満たすので、この式(5)から下記の式(6)が得られる。
D=100・(1−QAir’/QGas) ・・・(6)
さて、絞り50におけるΔP−Q特性曲線は、絞り50における通過ガスの密度ρを用いて下記の式(7)にて表される。尚、式(7)においてK3は、絞り50に固有の定数であり、絞り50の穴径及び流量係数をそれぞれd及びαとしたときに下記の式(8)にて表される値である。
K3=α・π・d2/4・21/2 ・・・(8)
したがって、図5に示す空気のΔP−Q特性曲線CAirは、空気の密度ρAirを用いて下記の式(9)にて表される。
また、図5に示す混合ガスのΔP−Q特性曲線CGasは、混合ガスの密度ρGasを用いて下記の式(10)にて表される。尚、ここで混合ガスの密度ρGasは、燃料蒸気の成分である炭化水素(HC)の密度をρHCとしたとき、混合ガス中の燃料蒸気濃度D(%)との間に下記式(11)の関係を有している。
D=100・(ρAir−ρGas)/(ρAir−ρHC) ・・・(11)
以上より、式(3)と式(4)とからK1を消去してなる下記の式(12)が得られ、また式(9)と式(10)とからK3を消去してなる下記の式(13)が得られる。
QAir/QGas={(ΔPAir/ΔPGas)・(ρGas/ρAir)}1/2 ・・・(13)
さらに式(12)と式(13)とからは、QAirを消去してなる下記の式(14)が得られ、またさらに式(11)からは下記の式(15)が得られるので、それら式(14)及び式(15)と式(6)とから下記の式(16)が得られる。尚、式(16)においてP1、P2及びρは、それぞれ下記の式(17)、式(18)及び式(19)にて表されるものである。
ρGas=ρAir−(ρAir−ρHC)・D/100 ・・・(15)
D=100・[1−P1・{P2・(1−ρ・D)}1/2] ・・・(16)
P1=(ΔPGas−Pt)/(ΔPAir−Pt) ・・・(17)
P2=ΔPAir/ΔPGas ・・・(18)
ρ=(ρAir−ρHC)/(100・ρAir) ・・・(19)
そして、式(16)の両項を二乗してDについて整理すると、下記の二次方程式(20)が得られ、この二次方程式(20)をDについて解くと、下記の解(21)が得られる。尚、解(21)においてM1及びM2は、それぞれ下記の式(22)及び式(23)にて表されるものである。
D=50・{−M1±(M12−4・M2)1/2} ・・・(21)
M1=100・P12・P2・ρ−2 ・・・(22)
M2=1−P12・P2 ・・・(23)
したがって、二次方程式(20)の解(21)のうち値が0〜100の範囲外となるものは燃料蒸気濃度Dとしては成立しないので、当該解(21)のうち値が0〜100の範囲内となるものが下記の如く燃料蒸気濃度Dの算出式(24)として得られる。
こうして得られる燃料蒸気濃度Dの算出式(24)において、M1、M2に含まれる変数のうちρAir、ρHCは物理定数として決められた値であり、本実施形態では式(24)の一部としてECU800のメモリに記憶されている。したがって、式(24)を用いて燃料蒸気濃度Dを算出するには、M1、M2に含まれる変数のうち、絞り50を空気及び混合ガスが通過するときの各差圧ΔPAir、ΔPGasとポンプ14の締切圧Ptとが必要となる。ここで各差圧ΔPAir、ΔPGasは、上述したように圧力センサ16の検出圧力と実質的に等しくなるので、上記ステップS102の破過検出処理では、圧力ΔPAir、ΔPGas及び締切圧Ptを検出して、それらの値から燃料蒸気濃度Dを算出する。
Claims (3)
- 内燃機関(100)と電動機(200)を併用して走行する車両に搭載され、
燃料タンク(2)内で発生した燃料蒸気を脱離可能に吸着する第一キャニスタ(12)と、
この第一キャニスタ(12)を大気に連通する開放通路(35)と、
前記第一キャニスタ(12)から脱離した燃料蒸気を含む混合気を前記内燃機関(100)の吸気通路(3)に導いて燃料蒸気をパージするパージ通路(28)と、
中途部に絞り(50)を有する第一検出通路(29)と、
この第一検出通路(29)を前記開放通路(35)または前記パージ通路(28)に選択的に連通させる通路切換手段(20)と、
前記絞り(50)を挟んで前記通路切換手段(20)とは反対側において前記第一検出通路(29)に連通し、前記第一検出通路(29)から流入する前記混合気中の燃料蒸気を脱離可能に吸着する第二キャニスタ(13)と、
前記第二キャニスタ(13)に連通する第二検出通路(32)と、
前記第二検出通路(32)に連通し、ガス流を発生させるガス流発生手段(14)と、
前記絞り(50)と前記ガス流発生手段(14)とにより決まる圧力を検出する圧力検出手段(16)と、
前記圧力検出手段(16)で検出した圧力に基づいて、前記第一キャニスタ(12)から大気への燃料蒸気の排出を検出する燃料蒸気排出検出手段(S203、S206)と、
前記圧力検出手段(16)で検出した圧力に基づいて、第一キャニスタ(12)のパージ完了を検出するパージ完了検出手段(S412)と、
前記車両の運転中で前記内燃機関(100)の停止時において前記燃料蒸気排出検出手段(S203、S206)が第一キャニスタ(12)から大気への燃料蒸気の排出を検出したときに、前記内燃機関(100)の運転を開始させるとともにパージを開始させるパージ開始手段(S302、S306)と、
前記パージ完了検出手段(S412)が第一キャニスタ(12)のパージ完了を検出したときに、前記内燃機関(100)の運転を停止させるとともにパージを停止させるパージ終了手段(S310、S312)とを備えることを特徴とする燃料蒸気処理装置。 - 前記燃料蒸気排出検出手段(S206)は、前記通路切換手段(20)により前記第一検出通路(29)と前記開放通路(35)とを連通させた状態のときに前記圧力検出手段(16)で検出した圧力に基づいて、前記第一キャニスタ(12)から大気への燃料蒸気の排出を検出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料蒸気処理装置。
- 前記パージ完了検出手段(S412)は、前記通路切換手段(20)により前記第一検出通路(29)と前記パージ通路(28)とを連通させた状態のときに前記圧力検出手段(16)で検出した圧力に基づいて、第一キャニスタ(12)のパージ完了を検出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料蒸気処理装置。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007303067A JP4506821B2 (ja) | 2007-11-22 | 2007-11-22 | 燃料蒸気処理装置 |
US12/272,986 US7647920B2 (en) | 2007-11-22 | 2008-11-18 | Fuel vapor treatment system |
DE102008043898.7A DE102008043898B4 (de) | 2007-11-22 | 2008-11-19 | Kraftstoffdampfaufbereitungssystem |
CN2008101767462A CN101440757B (zh) | 2007-11-22 | 2008-11-20 | 燃料蒸汽处理系统 |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2007303067A JP4506821B2 (ja) | 2007-11-22 | 2007-11-22 | 燃料蒸気処理装置 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2009126336A JP2009126336A (ja) | 2009-06-11 |
JP4506821B2 true JP4506821B2 (ja) | 2010-07-21 |
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JP2007303067A Expired - Fee Related JP4506821B2 (ja) | 2007-11-22 | 2007-11-22 | 燃料蒸気処理装置 |
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US (1) | US7647920B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4506821B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101440757B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102008043898B4 (ja) |
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US8156924B2 (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2012-04-17 | Kohler Co. | Systems and methods for regulating purge flow rate in an internal combustion engine |
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DE102008043898B4 (de) | 2015-12-31 |
JP2009126336A (ja) | 2009-06-11 |
CN101440757B (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
US20090133673A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
DE102008043898A1 (de) | 2009-06-04 |
US7647920B2 (en) | 2010-01-19 |
CN101440757A (zh) | 2009-05-27 |
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