JP2022103371A5 - - Google Patents

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JP2022103371A5
JP2022103371A5 JP2022082143A JP2022082143A JP2022103371A5 JP 2022103371 A5 JP2022103371 A5 JP 2022103371A5 JP 2022082143 A JP2022082143 A JP 2022082143A JP 2022082143 A JP2022082143 A JP 2022082143A JP 2022103371 A5 JP2022103371 A5 JP 2022103371A5
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  1. 対象から採取された生体試料内の癌に関連する核酸配列の不均衡の存否を決定する方法であり、以下の工程:
    該生体試料由来の無細胞核酸分子を反応に含む複数の反応において複数の臨床関連核酸配列の第一の総量を示す第一の定量データを取得する工程;
    該複数の臨床関連核酸配列の何れか1つではない複数のバックグラウンド核酸配列の第二の総量を示す第二の定量データを取得する工程;
    該第一の定量データから該複数の臨床関連核酸配列の第一の総量を決定する工程;
    該第二の定量データから該複数のバックグラウンド核酸配列の第二の総量を決定する工程;
    該第一の総量及び第二の総量からパラメーターを決定する工程、ここで該パラメーターは該第一の総量と第二の総量を特徴付ける数値に基づくものである;及び
    該パラメーターに基づき、該対象における該複数の臨床関連核酸配列について該生体試料中に癌に関連する核酸配列の不均衡が存在するか否かの分類を決定する工程;
    を含む前記方法。
  2. 前記分類が、前記パラメーターを1つ以上のカットオフ値と比較することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
  3. 前記1つ以上のカットオフ値が正常な生体試料から樹立される参照範囲を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
  4. 前記数値がパーセント確率である、請求項1に記載の方法。
  5. 前記第二の定量データが、生体試料由来の無細胞核酸分子を反応に含む複数の反応において複数のバックグラウンド核酸配列の第二の総量を示すものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
  6. 更に以下の工程:
    前記複数の反応を実施する前に、前記複数の臨床関連核酸配列及び複数のバックグラウンド核酸配列について前記生体試料を富化(enrich)する工程;
    を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
  7. 前記複数の臨床関連核酸配列及び複数のバックグラウンド核酸配列について前記生体試料を富化する工程が、該複数の臨床関連核酸配列及び複数のバックグラウンド核酸配列について前記生体試料を増幅する工程を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
  8. 前記複数の臨床関連核酸配列の1つ及び複数のバックグラウンド核酸配列の1つを増幅するのに1つの同じプライマー対が使用される、請求項7に記載の方法。
  9. 前記第一の定量データから第一の総量を決定する工程が:
    前記複数の臨床関連核酸配列のそれぞれにおいて:
    該第一の定量データを解析して前記複数の反応における臨床関連核酸配列のそれぞれの第一の量を決定すること;及び
    該それぞれの第一の量を足し合わせることによって第一の総量を計算すること;
    を含み、
    前記第二の定量データから第二の総量を決定する工程が:
    前記複数のバックグラウンド核酸配列のそれぞれにおいて:
    該第二の定量データを解析して各バックグラウンド核酸配列のそれぞれの第二の量を決定すること;及び
    該それぞれの第二の量を足し合わせることによって第二の総量を計算すること;
    を含む、
    請求項1に記載の方法。
  10. 更に、以下:
    前記第一の総量及び第二の総量を計算する前に各第一の量及び各第二の量を補正すること;
    を含む請求項9に記載の方法。
  11. 前記複数の反応が配列タグを提供するシークエンシング反応であり、第一の総量を決定する工程が:
    該配列タグを参照ゲノムとアラインメントすること;及び
    前記複数の臨床関連核酸配列とアラインメントする配列タグの数を計数すること;
    を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
  12. 前記複数の反応がシークエンシング反応であり、更に以下:
    前記複数の臨床関連核酸配列について前記生体試料を富化する工程;及び
    続いて該富化された生体試料中の核酸分子のシークエンシングを実施する工程;
    を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
  13. 前記複数の臨床関連核酸配列について前記生体試料を富化する工程が:
    ハイブリダイゼーションベースの技術を使用すること;
    を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
  14. 前記ハイブリダイゼーションベースの技術を使用することが:
    オリゴヌクレオチドアレイを用いてハイブリダイゼーションにより前記複数の臨床関連核酸配列を選択すること;
    を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
  15. 更に、以下の工程:
    前記複数の臨床関連核酸配列について前記生体試料を富化すること、ここで富化は該複数の臨床関連核酸配列を増幅することを含む;
    を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
  16. 各反応が臨床関連核酸配列の存在又は不存在を示し、前記第一の定量データが前記複数の臨床関連核酸配列の1つについて陽性である反応の数を提供する、請求項1に記載の方法。
  17. 前記第二の定量データが前記複数のバックグラウンド核酸配列の1つについて陽性である反応の数を提供する、請求項16に記載の方法。
  18. 前記複数の臨床関連核酸配列及び前記複数のバックグラウンド核酸配列が異なる染色体領域に由来する、請求項1に記載の方法。
  19. 前記分類が、前記対象における前記複数の臨床関連核酸配列について腫瘍細胞中に核酸配列の不均衡が存在することである、請求項1に記載の方法。
  20. 前記パラメーターが、前記第一の総量及び第二の総量の比率又は差を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
  21. 対象の生体試料を解析することにより第一の遺伝子座で対象の腫瘍細胞の遺伝子型を決定する方法であって、以下の工程:
    該生体試料由来の核酸分子を反応に含む複数の反応からデータを取得する工程、該生体試料は非癌細胞及び腫瘍細胞に由来する無細胞核酸分子を含み、該非癌細胞は第一の対立遺伝子及び該第一の対立遺伝子と異なる第二の対立遺伝子について第一の遺伝子座でヘテロ接合であり、各反応は、非癌細胞又は腫瘍細胞に由来する第一の対立遺伝子及び第二の対立遺伝子の存在又は不存在を示し、該データは、以下:
    (1)該第一の対立遺伝子の存在について陽性である反応の第一の量を示す第一のセットの定量データ;及び
    (2)該第二の対立遺伝子の存在について陽性である反応の第二の数を示す第二のセットの定量データ;
    を含む;
    該第一のセットの定量データ及び該第二のセットの定量データからパラメーターを決定する工程、該パラメーターは該第一の量と該第二の量の間の相対量を提供する;及び
    該パラメーターを1つ以上のカットオフ値と比較して腫瘍細胞の遺伝子型を決定する工程;
    を含む、方法。
  22. 前記1つ以上のカットオフ値の1つによって特定される度数によって前記第一の量が前記第二の量よりも大きい場合に前記腫瘍細胞が前記第一の遺伝子座で前記第一の対立遺伝子だけを有していると決定される、請求項21に記載の方法。
  23. 前記腫瘍細胞が、ヘテロ接合性の喪失をもたらす前記第二の対立遺伝子の欠失の結果前記第一の対立遺伝子だけを有する、請求項22に記載の方法。
  24. 前記第一及び第二の対立遺伝子が、一塩基多型の対立遺伝子である、請求項21に記載の方法。
  25. 前記腫瘍細胞の遺伝子型が第一の対立遺伝子の増幅を含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
  26. 前記複数の反応がポリメラーゼ連鎖反応であり、該複数の反応が反応あたりの平均で1つの第一の対立遺伝子を含み、そして該複数の反応が反応あたりの平均で1つの第二の対立遺伝子を含み、前記第一の量が第一の対立遺伝子の存在を示す反応の数であり、前記第二の量が第二の対立遺伝子の存在を示す反応の数である、請求項21に記載の方法。
  27. 更に、以下の工程:
    前記非癌細胞が、第一の対立遺伝子及び第二の対立遺伝子について第一の遺伝子座でヘテロ接合であることを決定する工程;
    を含む、請求項21~26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
  28. 前記パラメーターが前記第一の量及び第二の量の比率又は差である、請求項1~27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
  29. 前記パラメーターが、前記第一の総量及び第二の総量の間の比率である、請求項1~27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
  30. 更に以下の工程:
    前記生体試料中の腫瘍DNAの割合濃度(fractional concentration)を決定する工程;及び
    該腫瘍DNAの割合濃度を用いて1つ以上のカットオフ値を決定する工程;
    を含む、請求項1~29のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
  31. 前記生体試料中の腫瘍DNAの割合濃度を決定する工程が、非癌細胞と腫瘍細胞との間の多型的差異の定量化を含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
  32. 前記非癌細胞と腫瘍細胞との間の多型的差異の定量化が、以下:
    そこで非癌細胞がホモ接合であり腫瘍細胞がヘテロ接合である標的多型部位を同定すること;及び
    該標的多型部位で腫瘍特異的対立遺伝子の量と、該標的多型部位で共通する対立遺伝子の量とを比較して、腫瘍DNAの割合濃度を決定すること、ここで該共通する対立遺伝子は腫瘍特異的ではない;
    を含む、請求項31に記載の方法。
  33. 前記非癌細胞と腫瘍細胞との間の多型的差異の定量化が、以下:
    そこで非癌細胞がヘテロ接合であり腫瘍細胞が標的多型部位で2つの対立遺伝子の1つの欠失によるヘテロ接合性の喪失を有する標的多型部位を同定すること;及び
    該標的多型部位で2つの対立遺伝子の量を比較して、腫瘍DNAの割合濃度を決定すること;
    を含む、請求項31に記載の方法。
  34. 対象の生体試料における腫瘍DNAの割合濃度を決定する方法であって、以下の工程:
    該生体試料由来の核酸分子を反応に含む第一の複数の反応から第一のデータを取得する工程、ここで該生体試料は非癌細胞及び腫瘍細胞に由来する無細胞核酸分子を含み、該非癌細胞は第一の対立遺伝子についてホモ接合であり、該腫瘍細胞は、該第一の対立遺伝子及び該第一の対立遺伝子と異なる第二の対立遺伝子について第一の遺伝子座でヘテロ接合であり、そして各反応は、該第一の遺伝子座で第一の対立遺伝子及び第二の対立遺伝子の存在又は不存在を示し、ここで該第一のデータは、以下:
    (1)該第一の遺伝子座での第一の対立遺伝子について陽性である反応の第一の量を示す第一のセットの定量データ;及び
    (2)該第一の遺伝子座での第二の対立遺伝子について陽性である反応の第二の数を示す第二のセットの定量データ;
    を含む;及び
    該第一の量を該第二の量と比較して腫瘍DNAの割合濃度を決定する工程;
    を含む、方法。
  35. 前記腫瘍DNAの割合濃度が、第一の量及び第二の量を用いたパーセンテージとして決定される、請求項34に記載の方法。
  36. 更に、以下の工程:
    前記生体試料由来の核酸分子を反応に含む第二の複数の反応から第二のデータを取得する工程、ここで該第二のデータは、以下:
    (1)1つ以上の臨床関連核酸配列の第三の量を示す第三のセットの定量データ、該臨床関連核酸配列は第一の遺伝子座を含まない;及び
    (2)該1つ以上の臨床関連核酸配列と異なる1つ以上のバックグラウンド核酸配列の第四の量を示す第四のセットの定量データ;
    を含み、該1つ以上の臨床関連核酸配列及び1つ以上のバックグラウンド核酸配列は、前記非癌細胞及び腫瘍細胞からの核酸配列に由来するものである;
    該第三のセットの定量データ及び第四のセットの定量データからパラメーターを決定する工程、該パラメーターは該第三の量及び第四の量の間の相対量を提供する;及び
    該比較に基づき前記対象における1つ以上の臨床関連核酸配列について腫瘍細胞中に核酸配列の不均衡が存在するか否かの分類を決定する工程;
    を含む、請求項34に記載の方法。
  37. 前記1つ以上の臨床関連核酸配列の1つが遺伝的多型の変異した対立遺伝子であり、前記1つ以上のバックグラウンド核酸配列の1つが該遺伝的多型のもう一つの対立遺伝子である、請求項36に記載の方法。
  38. 更に、以下の工程:
    前記第二の複数の反応を実施する前に、前記1つ以上の臨床関連核酸配列及び1つ以上のバックグラウンド核酸配列について前記生体試料を富化する工程;
    を含む、請求項36又は37のいずれかに記載の方法。
  39. 前記1つ以上の臨床関連核酸配列及び1つ以上のバックグラウンド核酸配列について前記生体試料を富化する工程が:
    オリゴヌクレオチドアレイを使用してハイブリダイゼーションを通じて該1つ以上の臨床関連核酸配列及び1つ以上のバックグラウンド核酸配列を選択すること;
    を含む、請求項38に記載の方法。
  40. 前記生体試料の富化が、以下:
    前記1つ以上の臨床関連核酸配列及び1つ以上のバックグラウンド核酸配列由来のDNAを増幅すること;
    を含む、請求項38に記載の方法。
  41. 前記腫瘍DNAの割合濃度が前記パラメーターが決定された後に決定される、請求項36~40のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
  42. 前記第一の複数の反応が第二の複数の反応と同じである、請求項36~41のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
  43. 前記反応がシークエンシング反応又は増幅反応である、請求項1~10及び13~42のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
  44. 前記複数の反応がシークエンシング反応である、請求項43に記載の方法。
  45. 前記シークエンシング反応がライゲーションを含む、請求項44に記載の方法。
  46. 前記シークエンシング反応が合成を含む、請求項44に記載の方法。
  47. 前記対象が人間である、請求項1~46のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
  48. 前記生体試料が、血漿、血液、尿又は唾液である、請求項1~47のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
  49. プロセッサによって実行されたとき請求項1~48のいずれか1項に記載の方法を実施するコンピュータプログラムコードを保存しているコンピュータで読み取り可能な媒体。
  50. 請求項49に記載のコンピュータで読み取り可能な媒体を備えたコンピュータシステム。
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