JP2021503286A - Msc由来エキソソームの製造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は一般に、分子生物学及び医学の分野に関する。より詳細には、本発明がGMP(good manufacturing practice)準拠エキソソームの大規模生産のための方法に関する。
本明細書で使用される場合、特定の成分に関して「本質的に含まない」は、本明細書では特定の成分のいずれも組成物に意図的に配合されておらず、かつ/又は汚染物質としてのみ又は微量で存在することを意味するために使用される。したがって、組成物の意図しない汚染から生じる特定の成分の総量は0.05%をはるかに下回り、好ましくは0.01%を下回る。最も好ましいのは、標準的な分析方法で特定の成分の量を検出することができない組成物である。
エキソソームは、テトラスパニンなどの表面マーカー、例えばCD9、CD37、CD44、CD53、CD63、CD81、CD82及びCD151;
インテグリン、ICAM−1、EpCAMや、アネキシン、TSG101、ALIXなどの標的化マーカー又は膜融合マーカー;及びRab5b、HSP70、LAMP2(lysosome−associated membrane protein)及びLIMP(lysosomal integral membrane protein)などの他のエキソソーム膜貫通蛋白質
などの、他の小胞に存在しない特定の表面マーカーを含む。
本開示の特定の実施形態は、バイオリアクター、特に中空繊維バイオリアクターなどの機能的に閉鎖された系の使用による、臨床グレードEV、特にエキソソームの大規模生産のための方法に関する。重要なことに、エキソソーム産生の全プロセスは、その後の治療剤の搭載を含めて、無血清であり得る。
EVの産生のための細胞は、脂肪由来又は骨髄由来MSCなどのMSCであってもよい。特定の態様において、MSCは、自己又は同種異系であり得るヒトMSCである。
バイオリアクターは、静的バイオリアクター、撹拌フラスコバイオリアクター、回転壁容器バイオリアクター、中空繊維バイオリアクター及び直接潅流バイオリアクターを含む一般的なカテゴリーに従って分類することができる。バイオリアクター内で、細胞は、遊離であるか、又は固定化され、多孔性3次元足場(ヒドロゲル)上に播種され得る。
PLTフリーの培地中で培養された細胞からの馴化培地は、8〜100時間ごと、例えば12〜72時間ごと、例えば約12〜15、15〜20、20〜25、25〜30、35〜40、40〜45、45〜50、50〜55、55〜60、65〜70、又は70〜72時間ごとに採集することができる。特に、馴化培地画分は、約24〜48時間ごとに採集することができる。
次いで、プールした馴化培地画分を、特に4℃でエキソソーム単離に供することができる。馴化培地は約2℃、4℃、6℃、8℃、10℃、12℃、14℃、16℃、18℃、20℃、22℃、24℃、又は26℃の温度で遠心分離することができ、一実施形態では、馴化培地が約4℃の温度で遠心分離される。エキソソーム単離は、エキソソーム単離のための当該分野で公知の方法によって実施され得る。好ましくは、エキソソームの単離はまた、上記のエキソソームの産生と同様に、閉鎖系において行われる。これは、ポンプ及び密閉されたチューブの使用によって達成され得る。
本発明の方法によって産生されるエキソソームは、治療剤又は診断剤のようなカーゴを搭載され得る。本発明のエキソソームを使用して送達され得るカーゴの例は、DNA(核DNA及びミトコンドリアDNAの両方)のような核酸分子、mRNA、tRNA、miRNA、及びsiRNAのようなRNA、アプタマー及び他の核酸含有分子、ペプチド、タンパク質、リボザイム、炭水化物、ポリマー、治療薬、小分子などのような、エキソソーム中に天然に存在しない(外部ソースに由来する)外因性物質を含むが、これらに限定されない。
カチオン性脂質ベースのトランスフェクション試薬を使用するトランスフェクションもまた、カーゴをエキソソームに導入するために使用され得る。適切なトランスフェクション試薬の例としてはLipofectamine MessengerMAXTm Transfection Reagent、Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent、Lipofectamine 3000 Transfection Reagent又はLipofectamine LTX Reagent with PLUSTM Reagentが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。カーゴ搭載のために、適切な量のトランスフェクション試薬が使用されるが、当該量は試薬、サンプル及びカーゴによって変化し得る。例えば、Lipofectamine MessengerMAXTm Transfection Reagentを使用する場合、約0.15uL〜10uLの範囲の量を使用して、100ng〜2500ngのmRNA又はタンパク質をエキソソームに搭載し得る。他の方法、例えば、タンパク質導入のための細胞浸透性ペプチドの使用もまた、カーゴをエキソソームに導入するために利用され得る。
いくつかの実施形態では、本開示が細胞へのRNAiなどの治療薬の送達のために本明細書で提供されるエキソソームの使用方法を提供する。送達のためにエキソソームによって標的化され得る追加の免疫細胞は、樹状細胞、NK細胞、及び/又はB細胞を含む。さらなる実施形態において、本開示のエキソソームによって送達される治療剤は、小分子、ペプチド、ワクチン、又は抗原であり得る。細胞は、インビボ又はエクスビボであり得る。一実施形態では、RNAiを含む有効量のエキソソームを細胞に投与することを含む、RNAを細胞に送達する方法が提供される。細胞は、T細胞のような免疫細胞、又はKRAS陽性癌細胞のような癌細胞であってもよい。
本明細書中に記載される特定の方法は、本開示のエキソソームを含む組成物の薬学的に有効な量の投与を含む方法に関する。
本開示の特定の実施形態は、疾患の治療又は予防のための治療の1つ以上の二次形態の投与又は適用を提供する。例えば、疾患は、癌などの過剰増殖性疾患であってもよい。
A/B/A B/A/B B/B/A A/A/B A/B/B B/A/A A/B/B/B B/A/B/B
B/B/B/A B/B/A/B A/A/B/B A/B/A/B A/B/B/A B/B/A/A
B/A/B/A B/A/A/B A/A/A/B B/A/A/A A/B/A/A A/A/B/A
本実施形態によれば、多種多様な化学療法剤を使用することができる。「化学療法」という用語は癌を治療するための薬物の使用を指し、「化学療法剤」は、癌の治療において投与される化合物又は組成物を意味するために使用される。これらの薬剤又は薬物は例えば、それらが細胞周期に影響を及ぼすかどうか、及びどの段階で影響を及ぼすかといった、細胞内でのそれらの活性の様式によって分類される。あるいは、薬剤がDNAを直接架橋する能力、DNAに挿入する能力、又は核酸合成に影響を及ぼすことによって染色体及び有糸分裂異常を誘導する能力に基づいて特徴付けられ得る。
DNA損傷を引き起こし、広範に使用されている他の因子には、γ線、X線、及び/又は放射性同位元素の腫瘍細胞への指向性送達として知られているものが含まれる。マイクロ波、陽子ビーム照射(米国特許第5,760,395号及び第4,870,287号)、及びUV照射のような他の形態のDNA損傷因子もまた意図される。これらの因子はすべて、DNA上、DNAの前駆体上、DNAの複製と修復、及び染色体の集合と維持、広範囲の損傷に影響を及ぼす可能性が高い。X線の線量範囲は長時間の(3ないし4週間の)50〜200レントゲンの1日線量から、2000〜6000レントゲンの単回線量に及ぶ。放射性同位体の線量範囲は広く変化し、同位体の半減期、発せられる放射線の強度及びタイプ、及び腫瘍細胞による取込に依存する。
当業者は、さらなる免疫療法が実施形態の方法と組み合わせて、又は組み合わせて使用され得ることを理解する。癌治療との関連では、免疫治療薬が癌細胞を標的とし、破壊するための免疫エフェクター細胞及び分子の使用に依存し得る。リツキシマブ(RITUXAN(登録商標))がそのような例である。免疫エフェクターは、例えば、腫瘍細胞の表面上のいくつかのマーカーに特異的な抗体であり得る。抗体単独では、治療のエフェクターとして役立つか、又は他の細胞を動員して、実際に細胞殺傷に影響を及ぼすかもしれない。抗体はまた、薬物又は毒素(化学療法剤、放射性核種、リシンA鎖、コレラ毒素、百日咳毒素など)に結合され得、そして標的化剤として役立ち得る。別法として、エフェクターは、腫瘍細胞標的と直接的に又は間接的に相互作用する表面分子を運ぶリンパ球であってもよい。様々なエフェクター細胞には、細胞傷害性T細胞及びNK細胞が含まれる。
癌を有する人の約60%が、予防的、診断的又は病期分類、治癒的及び緩和的手術を含む何らかの種類の手術を受ける。治癒的手術は、癌性組織の全て又は一部が物理的に除去され、切除され、及び/又は破壊され、本実施形態の治療、化学療法、放射線療法、ホルモン療法、遺伝子療法、免疫療法、及び/又は代替療法などの他の療法と併用され得る。腫瘍切除とは、腫瘍の少なくとも一部の物理的除去をいう。腫瘍切除に加えて、手術による治療には、レーザー手術、凍結手術、電気手術、及び顕微鏡的に制御された手術(モース手術)が含まれる。
治療の治療効果を改善するために、他の薬剤を本実施形態の特定の態様と組み合わせて使用してもよいことが企図される。したがって、さらなる例を考えることができる。これらの追加の薬剤には、細胞表面受容体及びギャップ結合のアップレギュレーションに影響する薬剤、細胞増殖抑制剤及び分化剤、細胞接着の阻害剤、アポトーシス誘導剤に対する過剰増殖性細胞の感受性を増加させる薬剤、又は他の生物学的薬剤が含まれる。ギャップ結合の数を増加させることによる細胞間シグナル伝達の増加は、隣接する過剰増殖性細胞集団に対する抗過剰増殖作用を増加させるのであろう。他の実施形態において、細胞増殖抑制剤又は分化剤は治療の抗過剰増殖効力を改善するために、本実施形態の特定の態様と組み合わせて使用され得る。細胞接着の阻害剤は、本実施形態の効力を改善することが意図される。細胞接着阻害剤の例は、局所接着キナーゼ(FAK)阻害剤及びロバスタチンである。さらに、抗体c225のような、アポトーシスに対する過剰増殖性細胞の感受性を増加させる他の薬剤が治療効力を改善するために、本実施形態の特定の態様と組み合わせて使用され得ることがさらに意図される。
実施形態の様々な態様において、治療剤及び/又は他の治療剤及び送達剤を含有するキットが想定される。いくつかの実施形態において、本実施形態は、実施形態のエキソソーム組成物を調製及び/又は投与するためのキットを意図する。キットは、本実施形態の医薬組成物のいずれかを含有する1つ以上の密封バイアルを含み得る。このキットは例えば、エキソソーム、並びに実施形態の成分を調製、処方及び/又は投与するための試薬、又は本発明の方法の1つ以上の工程を実行するための試薬を含み得る。いくつかの実施形態では、キットはまた、エッペンドルフチューブ、アッセイプレート、シリンジ、ボトル、又はチューブなどのキットの構成要素と反応しない容器である適切な容器を含んでもよい。容器は、プラスチック又はガラスなどの滅菌可能な材料から作製されてもよい。
以下の実施例は本発明の好ましい実施形態を実証するために含める。以下の実施例において開示される手法が本発明の実施において十分に機能することが発明者らによって見いだされた技術を表し、従って、本発明の実践において十分に機能することが当業者には理解されるはずである。しかしながら、当業者であれば、本発明の開示を考慮して、開示されかつ同様の結果を得られる特定の実施例において、本発明の精神及び範囲から逸脱することなく、多くの変更が可能であることは理解できるのであろう。
MSCから大量のエキソソームを生成するために、骨髄由来MSCのバイオリアクター培養物を、馴化培地の250mL採集物の採集を可能にするように適合させた。Terumo Quantum Cell Expansion systemは、細胞のGMP準拠性産生のために設計された自動中空繊維細胞培養プラットフォームである。
4D Nucleofactorシステムは実施例1に由来するエキソソームのような、2.5×1010〜2.5×1012の範囲の大規模エキソソーム数の閉鎖された、効率的かつスケーラブルなインビトロトランスフェクションを可能にするために、LVユニットと適合された。4D Nucleofactorデバイスは3つの異なる核内因子溶液であるSE、SF、及びSGを含み、これらの各々は、MSC由来エキソソーム及び特異的siRNAを使用して、16の異なる核内因子プログラムと組み合わせて試験された。siRNAをMSC由来エキソソームに効率的に組み込むための各条件の効率を、siRNAを有するMSCエキソソームによって誘導されたレシピエント細胞のアポトーシスアッセイによって評価した(図7)。
MSC培養物からエキソソームを産生するための最良の時間を決定するために、馴化培地の採集を異なる時間で行った(図5D)。ナノサイトから得られたデータ(すなわち、粒子の数)を、フローサイトメトリーについて得られたデータ(すなわち、エキソソームマーカーのパーセンテージ)と合わせた。結果は、MSCからの粒子の数が24時間で最高レベルに達し、48時間まで維持されることを示した。その後、粒子の数は有意に減少した。フローデータは、エキソソームマーカーのパーセンテージが24時間でのパーセンテージと比較して、48時間で濃縮されたことを示した(図5E)。24時間と48時間との間の粒子の数は有意に異ならなかったので、48時間の時点を採集のための時点として選択した。
細胞:MDアンダーソン癌センターのCell Therapy Laboratoryから得た骨髄由来MSC(継代3)を、1%L−グルタミン、5%ヒト血小板溶解物、1%ペニシリン−ストレプトマイシンを添加したαMEM(完全培地)で培養した。3つの異なるドナー由来のMSCを評価し、次いで、その高いエキソソーム産生収率に基づいて単一のドナーを選択した。インビトロトランスフェクションのために、6ウェルプレートのウェルあたり250,000個のPanc−1細胞を一晩播種した。エキソソーム処理の前に、単層を1mlのPBSで2回洗浄し、次いで、1mlの無血清培地(1%ペニシリン−ストレプトマイシンを補充したRPMI)中のエキソソームで、各アッセイについて記載したような指示された時点で処理した。
以下の参考文献は、それらが本明細書に示されるものを補足する例示的な手順又は他の詳細を提供する範囲で、参照により本明細書に具体的に組み込まれる。
国際公開WO 00/37504号
国際公開WO 01/14424号
国際公開WO 98/42752号
国際公開WO1995001994号
国際公開WO1998042752号
国際公開WO2000037504号
国際公開WO2001014424号
国際公開WO2006/121168号
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国際公開WO2010/027827号
国際公開WO2011/066342号
国際公開WO2015016718号
米国特許4,870,287号
米国特許5,760,395号
米国特許5,844,905号
米国特許5,885,796号
米国特許8,008,449号
米国特許8,017,114号
米国特許8,119,129号
米国特許8,329,867号
米国特許8,354,509号
米国特許8,735,553号
米国公開特許番号20110008369号
米国公開特許番号2014022021号
米国公開特許番号20140294898号
Claims (77)
- 間葉系幹細胞(MSC)からエキソソームを製造する方法であって:
(a)MSCを機能的に閉鎖されたバイオリアクター中で、ヒト血小板溶解物(PLT)を含む培地中で75〜95%コンフルエンシーまで培養すること;
(b)細胞を、さらにPLTを本質的に含まない培地中で培養すること;
(c)前記バイオリアクターからの馴化培地画分を採集すること;及び
(d)前記馴化培地画分からエキソソームを単離すること
を含む、方法。 - 各馴化培地画分が、採集後に−80℃で保存される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記馴化培地画分を解凍し、工程(d)の前にプールする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- MSCが、骨髄由来MSCとしてさらに定義される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- MSCが脂肪由来MSCとしてさらに定義される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)の前に、前記バイオリアクターに少なくとも1×107個のMSCを播種することをさらに含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記MSCが、約400〜500細胞/cm2の密度で播種される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記閉鎖されたバイオリアクターが中空繊維バイオリアクターである、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 中空繊維バイオリアクターが、テルモ細胞増殖システムである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)の培地において、PLTが5%の濃度である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 新鮮な培地が、前記バイオリアクター中のMSCに連続的に添加される、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 細胞が、5%酸素で培養される、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)の培養が5〜10日間である、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)の培養が、8日間である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- MSCが80〜90%コンフルエンシーまで培養される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- MSCが85〜90%コンフルエンシーまで培養される、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 工程(b)の培養が24〜72時間である、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(b)の培養が48時間である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 工程(b)の培地がPLTを含まない、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- MSCが工程(a)と(b)との間で洗浄される、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- MSCが無血清の規定培地中で培養される、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)〜(d)が無血清条件下で行われる、請求項1〜21のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記馴化培地画分が、密封バッグに採集される、請求項1〜22のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記馴化培地画分が24〜72時間毎に採集される、請求項1〜23のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記馴化培地画分が40〜50時間毎に採集される、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 馴化培地画分が48時間毎に採集される、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記馴化培地画分が、それぞれ200〜300mLの体積である、請求項1〜26のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記馴化培地画分を10〜14日間採集する、請求項1〜27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記馴化培地画分を12日間採集する、請求項1〜28のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも5つの馴化培地画分が採集される、請求項1〜29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(a)〜(d)が3週間未満で行われる、請求項1〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 各馴化培地画分が、9×1011〜50×1011個のエキソソームを含む、請求項1〜31のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(c)で、少なくとも10×1012個のエキソソームが単離される、請求項1〜32のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(c)で、少なくとも15×1012個のエキソソームが単離される、請求項1〜33のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 単離が、エキソソーム含有ペレットを得るためのプールされた画分の濾過及び限外遠心と前記エキソソーム含有ペレットを緩衝液中に再懸濁することを含む、請求項1〜34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 隔離が、ポンプ及びヒートシールされた管を使用して、機能的に閉鎖された様式で行われる、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 濾過が、プールされた画分を0.2μmフィルターに通すこととしてさらに定義される、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 単離がさらに、大きな細胞残屑を除去するための、濾過の前の遠心分離工程をさらに含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 単離が4℃で行われる、請求項35〜38のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記緩衝液が、0.09M塩化ナトリウム、0.23Mグルコン酸ナトリウム、0.27M酢酸ナトリウム三水和物、5mM塩化カリウム、及び3mM塩化マグネシウムを含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記緩衝液のpHが7.4である、請求項35又は40に記載の方法。
- 前記緩衝液がPLASMALYTE−A(登録商標)である、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記エキソソームに治療剤を搭載することをさらに含む、請求項1〜42のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記治療剤が、1つ以上のサイトカイン、化学療法剤、核酸、小分子、又はタンパク質を含む、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記核酸がDNA及び/又はRNAを含む、請求項44に記載の方法。
- RNAがsiRNA、miRNA、又はshRNAである、請求項45に記載の方法。
- RNAがsiRNAである、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 搭載が、前記エキソソームをエレクトロポレーションすることを含む、請求項43〜47のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- エレクトロポレーションが、PLASMALYTE−A(登録商標)で実行される、請求項48に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が工程(d)とエレクトロポレーションとの間で、エキソソームを洗浄すること又は緩衝液を交換することを含まない、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 工程(d)から搭載されたエキソソームの数までのエキソソームの数が20%を超えて減少しない、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜51のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって産生されたエキソソームを含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項1〜51のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって産生されたエキソソームの有効量を対象に投与することを含む、癌を治療するための方法。
- 対象がヒトである、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記エレクトロポレーションされたエキソソームが、前記対象に直接注入される、請求項53又は54に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも第2の抗癌治療を施すことをさらに含む、請求項53〜55のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも第2の抗癌療法が、化学療法、放射線療法、遺伝子療法、手術、ホルモン療法、抗血管新生療法又は免疫療法を含む、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 請求項43〜51のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって産生された有効量のRNA搭載エキソソームを細胞に投与することを含む、RNAを細胞に送達する方法。
- 前記細胞がヒト細胞である、請求項58に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が癌細胞又はT細胞である、請求項59に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜51のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって産生された有効量のエキソソームを対象に投与することを含む、それを必要とする対象における疾患又は障害を治療する方法。
- 前記エキソソームにsiRNA又はmiRNAを搭載する、請求項61に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患又は障害が、癌、炎症性障害、又は免疫関連障害である、請求項61又は62に記載の方法。
- 癌が肺癌である、請求項61〜63のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記エキソソームにKRAS siRNAが搭載される、請求項61〜64のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象がヒトである、請求項61〜65のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記エキソソームが、経口、局所、静脈内、腹腔内、筋肉内、内視鏡的、経皮的、皮下、局所的、又は直接注射によって投与される、請求項61〜66のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記エキソソームが静脈内に投与される、請求項67に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも第2の治療剤を投与することをさらに含む、請求項61〜68のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも第2の治療剤が抗癌剤である、請求項69に記載の方法。
- 抗癌剤が、化学療法、放射線療法、遺伝子療法、手術、ホルモン療法、抗血管新生療法又は免疫療法である、請求項70に記載の方法。
- 免疫介在性炎症性疾患に罹患している対象における、該疾患を治療する方法であって、該対象に治療有効量の請求項1に記載のMSC由来エキソソームを投与することを含む、方法。
- 免疫介在性炎症性疾患が、関節リウマチ(RA)、炎症性腸疾患(IBD)、及びクローン病からなる群より選択される、請求項72記載の方法。
- MSCが同種異系である、請求項72又は73に記載の方法。
- エキソソームが全身的又は局所的に投与される、請求項72〜74のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- エキソソームが、直腸、鼻、頬、膣、皮下、皮内、静脈内、腹腔内、筋肉内、関節内、滑膜内、胸骨内、髄腔内、病変内、又は頭蓋内経路を介して、又は埋め込み型のリザーバーを介して投与される、請求項72〜75のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記エキソソームが、少なくとも1つのさらなる治療剤と組み合わせて投与される、請求項72〜76のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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US20230390201A1 (en) | 2023-12-07 |
US11766402B2 (en) | 2023-09-26 |
KR20200088408A (ko) | 2020-07-22 |
EP3709973A1 (en) | 2020-09-23 |
US20210186877A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
WO2019099927A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
EP3709973A4 (en) | 2021-08-25 |
CA3082436A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
CN111527199A (zh) | 2020-08-11 |
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