CN113957056A - 一种免疫逃逸cd47过表达外泌体的构建方法 - Google Patents
一种免疫逃逸cd47过表达外泌体的构建方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种免疫逃逸CD47过表达外泌体的制备方法,包括(1)构建CD47过表达质粒,并包装到慢病毒中形成CD47过表达慢病毒;(2)将此慢病毒转染大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞(ADMSC)构建稳定的CD47过表达细胞株(CD47‑ADMSC);(3)分离并纯化第五代CD47‑ADMSC来源的CD47‑ES,即获得具有免疫逃逸潜能的CD47过表达外泌体。利用本方法成功构建的CD47‑ES表达量是普通ADMSC外泌体(ADMSC‑ES)的1.7倍,且CD47‑ES在大鼠体内的滞留量(即免疫逃逸量)高于ADMSC‑ES,约为ADMSC‑ES的1.377倍,因此利用本方法构建的CD47‑ES具有较强的免疫逃逸能力,能延长其作为药物载体在动物体内发挥功能的时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物载体制备领域,尤其涉及一种具有免疫逃逸能力的CD47过表达外泌体的构建方法。
背景技术
外泌体(exosome,ES)是天然的纳米级药物载体,近年来是医学及生命科学领域的研究热点之一。外泌体具有相对稳定、体积小和储存时间长等优点,其内携带的RNA和蛋白质等活性物质在参与细胞间信号传导和细胞自我保护等过程中发挥重要作用。如Alvarez-Erviti 等人通过电穿孔等方式将药物与外泌体结合形成工程化外泌体来治疗疾病,其他文献也表明外泌体可作为药物载体应用在组织损伤修复及慢性疾病治疗中。但现有的工程化外泌体容易被吞噬细胞吞噬,不具备免疫逃逸能力,在作为药物载体应用时其效果将受到限制。
免疫逃逸是指细菌、病毒等外来物或肿瘤细胞逃脱免疫系统的识别与攻击,目前所发现的相关机制一般包括抗原性的变化、持续性感染及免疫抑制。而CD47是一种广泛存在于多种细胞的跨膜糖蛋白,具有免疫球蛋白可变的N端结构域、5个跨膜结构域和1个短的C端胞内尾,胞内尾含有4种可变剪切异构体,从而形成4个亚型。CD47是SIRPα的配体,不仅参与多种免疫细胞的吞噬及跨膜迁移,且同时参与多种免疫生理过程,如诱导淋巴细胞的凋亡及抑制单核细胞释放细胞因子。因此有必要研究出一种具有免疫逃逸能力的CD47过表达外泌体的构建方法。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种具有免疫逃逸能力的CD47过表达外泌体的构建方法,解决现有技术存在的外泌体逃逸能力不足的问题。
本发明提供了一种免疫逃逸CD47过表达外泌体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)构建CD47过表达质粒,并包装到慢病毒中形成CD47过表达慢病毒;(2)将步骤(1)的CD47 过表达慢病毒转染大鼠ADMSC构建稳定的CD47过表达细胞株,(3)分离并纯化第五代 CD47-ADMSC细胞株来源的CD47-ES外泌体。
优选地,大鼠ADMSC浓度为1×105个细胞/孔,培养20h,然后加入筛选培养基和CD47 过表达慢病毒,培养1天后更换为ADMSC完全培养基继续培养。
优选地,步骤(2)中,筛选培养基为加入2mL含有6μg/mL嘌呤霉素的ADMSC完全培养基,ADMSC完全培养基为450mL DMEM+50mL FBS+5mL P/S。
优选地,步骤(2)中,感染时CD47过表达慢病毒与ADMSC的数量比值为50:1。
优选地,步骤(3)中,取第5代CD47-ADMSC,培养至85%的细胞聚合后,更换为无血清培养基继续培养3天;收集细胞培养基,将离心机设置为300xg,4℃离心10min,去除活细胞;2,000xg,4℃离心10min,去除死细胞;10,000xg,4℃离心30min,去除细胞碎片;用0.22μm过滤器过滤上清液;将滤液加到超滤管上层,5000xg,4℃,离心30min,重复此步3次;将超滤管中的上层液体加入超高速离心管,100000xg,4℃,超高速离心70 min;倒掉管中液体,用巴氏吸管吸取PBS反复吹打管壁,获得CD47-ES并在-80℃保存备用。优选地,步骤(1)中,将293T细胞培养至布满T75培养瓶,消化后用完全培养基调整细胞数量至3.5×105个/mL,转移至10cm细胞培养皿中培养24h后,将培养基更换为无血清培养基;取离心管依次加入20μg CD47过表达质粒、15μg pHelper1.0载体质粒、10μg pHelper 2.0 载体质粒和1mL吉凯转染试剂,混合均匀后室温静置15min;将上述溶液滴入培养基培养6 h,弃培养基,加入15mL PBS晃动洗净,倒掉PBS,加入20mL完全培养基培养72h,浓缩并纯化后获得CD47过表达慢病毒载体。
采用本发明所提供的外泌体构建方法,先利用慢病毒包裹CD47过表达质粒构建CD47 过表达慢病毒载体,再通过慢病毒转染方式构建稳定的CD47-ADMSC细胞株,最后分离并纯化第五代CD47-ADMSC细胞株来源的CD47-ES外泌体。本方法成功构建的CD47-ES表达量是普通ADMSC外泌体(ADMSC-ES)的1.7倍,且CD47-ES在大鼠体内的滞留量(即免疫逃逸量)高于ADMSC-ES,约为ADMSC-ES的1.377倍,因此利用本方法构建的CD47-ES 具有较强的免疫逃逸能力,能延长其作为药物载体在动物体内发挥功能的时间。
附图说明
图1为重组质粒转染293T细胞后CD47的表达情况;
图2为大鼠ADMSC显微镜下形态;
图3为大鼠ADMSC表面分子检测;
图4为透射电镜下的外泌体形态;
图5为稳定的CD47-ADMSC细胞株过表达CD47情况;
图6为两种外泌体的CD47表达情况;
图7为腹腔注射3h后血浆内滞留外泌体所占初始注射量的千分比;
图8为PKH67标记的CD47-ES和ADMSC-ES共培养1h、2h、3h后使用激光共聚焦图;
图9为PKH67标记的CD47-ES和ADMSC-ES共培养1h、2h、3h后的转染率柱图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实施例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
以下实施例涉及的其他化学/生物试剂均可购买而得。
实施例一:慢病毒包裹CD47过表达载体的构建方法,包括以下步骤:
1、CD47过表达质粒的构建
设计一对引物CD47(61712-1),以目标基因为模板进行PCR扩增,将PCR扩增产物与线性载体连接,用Ubi启动子驱动该基因的过表达,选择CBh作为绿色荧光蛋白gcGFP 和嘌呤霉素抗性基因的启动子,选用DH5α大肠杆菌菌株进行转化,挑取菌落进行PCR 检测及转化产物测序鉴定,使用试剂盒进行质粒抽提并收集CD47过表达质粒。
CD47(61712-1)-p1:AGGTCGACTCTAGAGGATCCCGCCACCATGTGGCCCTTGGCGGCGGC;
CD47(61712-1)-p2:TCCTTGTAGTCCATACCGTTATTCCTAGGAGGTTGTATAG。
电泳测试结果表明CD47基因PCR产物大小为953bp,测序结果表明所制备CD47 过表达质粒与CD47基因序列完全一致。
2、慢病毒包装CD47过表达质粒,构建成CD47过表达慢病毒载体,并检测病毒转染能力强弱。将293T细胞培养至布满T75培养瓶,消化后用完全培养基调整细胞数量至 3.5×105个/mL,转移至10cm细胞培养皿中培养24h后,将培养基更换为无血清培养基;
取一无菌离心管依次加入20μg CD47过表达质粒、15μg pHelper1.0载体质粒、10μg pHelper 2.0载体质粒和1mL吉凯转染试剂(见表1配比2),混合均匀后室温静置15min。将上述溶液液滴入培养基培养6h,弃培养基,加入15mL PBS晃动洗净,倒掉PBS,加入含有完全培养基20mL培养72h,浓缩与纯化后获得CD47过表达慢病毒载体。
(1)经荧光法滴度检测慢病毒的平均滴度约为1×109TU/mL。说明构建的慢病毒载体成功表达荧光标记基因,可转染细胞。
(2)利用Real-time PCR对293T细胞内重组质粒中CD47基因的表达量及转染效率进行测试,CON为未作处理的293T细胞,OE为CD47过表达质粒转染组。图1的结果表明CD47过表达重组质粒转染后的293T细胞中CD47基因的表达丰度是对照组的 32194299倍,说明CD47过表达慢病毒载体被成功构建且能在293T细胞内进行表达,转染后细胞内CD47基因的表达水平远高于普通细胞。另外CD47过表达慢病毒载体的荧光标记蛋白表达正常,病毒转染能力在正常范围内,在转染效率和稳定表达程度等方面具有优势,解决了使用质粒载体作为过表达载体直接转染细胞带来如在初始转染过程中对细胞损伤较大,且随着细胞传代数增加表达量逐代降低等问题。
对比例一:对比例一和实施例一的不同之处在于,步骤2中慢病毒包装CD47过表达质粒的条件不同,经过多种配比实验发现配比2(20μg CD47过表达质粒+15μg pHelper1.0载体质粒+10μg pHelper 2.0载体质粒+1mL吉凯转染试剂)是慢病毒包装 CD47过表达质粒的最佳配比,如表1。
表1.不同原料配比对慢病毒包装CD47过表达质粒的制备成功率的影响
实施例二:CD47-ES外泌体的构建方法,包括以下步骤:
1、大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞(ADMSC)的提取及原代培养
选用6-8周龄健康Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠进行麻醉、消毒、剪掉毛发、剪开创口、切取脂肪组织后放入加有PBS的15mL离心管中,用PBS洗涤2-3次,转移到培养基。在显微镜下剔除脂肪组织中的血管、筋膜、毛发,转到加有600μL PBS的小平皿,剪碎脂肪组织并转移到预装了200μL 1%胶原酶的15mL离心管中,120rmp,37℃,消化60 min;1300rmp离心10min,除去上层液体,加适量培养基重悬底部沉淀,再以1300rmp 离心5min,除去上层液体,加1-2mL培养基重悬底部沉淀,过滤后接种在小平皿上,再加入1mL培养基,培养12h后传代至P1,待细胞长满后传代至P2,此时便可进行流式细胞术鉴定。由图2结果可知,显微镜观察到ADMSC细胞形态为呈梭形,聚集生长,排列不规则。由图3结果可知,ADMSC的表面标志蛋白为CD44,阴性蛋白为CD11b, CD44的表达率为99.6%,CD11b的表达率为12.4%,说明成功制备ADMSC。
2、通过慢病毒转染方式构建稳定的CD47-ADMSC细胞株并确定表达强度
(1)ADMSC的CD47过表达慢病毒转染、筛选及传代:将ADMSC稀释为1×105个细胞/孔加入24孔板培养20h;更换培养基为2mL嘌呤霉素浓度为6μg/mL筛选培养基(见表2浓度3),按照CD47过表达慢病毒与ADMSC的数量比例为50:1(见表3 比例2),加入10μg/mL实施例一制备的CD47过表达慢病毒,继续培养1天;更换为完全培养基培养至第5代后观察细胞荧光强度。其中筛选培养基:6μg/mL嘌呤霉素+ ADMSC完全培养基;ADMSC完全培养基:450mLDMEM+50mL FBS+5mL PBS。
(2)将CD47过表达慢病毒载体转染后的原代ADMSC培养至第五代,观察荧光蛋白表达情况,CD47-ADMSC组与阳性对照组荧光表达强度无明显差异,说明第五代 CD47-ADMSC的GFP荧光蛋白仍能稳定表达,稳定的CD47-ADMSC细胞株构建成功。
(3)采用qRT-PCR技术检测培养至第五代的CD47-ADMSC与正常培养至第五代的ADMSC的CD47相关基因表达水平。结果显示CD47-ADMSC组表达水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),结果如图4。
3、分离并纯化第五代CD47-ADMSC细胞株来源的外泌体
取第5代CD47-ADMSC,培养至85%聚合后,更换为无血清培养基,继续培养3天;收集细胞培养基,将离心机设置300xg,4℃离心时间为10min,去除活细胞;离心机设置2,000xg,4℃离心时间为10min,去除死细胞;设置离心机10,000xg,4℃离心时间为 30min,去除细胞碎片;用0.22μm过滤器过滤培养上清的浓缩液。加入macrosep超滤管上层;继续离心,设置5000xg,4℃,30min。离心3次;将上层液体加入超高速离心管,设置超高速离心机100000xg,4℃,时间为70min;倒掉管中液体,用巴氏吸管吸取 PBS反复吹打管壁,重悬获得CD47-ES外泌体,并在-80℃保存备用。
(1)透射电镜鉴定外泌体形态和粒径:如图4结果显示,CD47-ES在透射电镜下呈类圆形囊泡,直径在30-180nm之间;
(2)NTA测定ES粒径及浓度:将提取的外泌体原液稀释1000倍后使用NTA进行检测,如图5所示,结果表明CD47-ES的粒径中位数为167.5nm,样品原始浓度为2.1×1010个/mL。
(3)纳米流式细胞仪检测外泌体CD47表达量:用纳米流式细胞仪检测ADMSC-ES与CD47-ES的CD47表达量。结果如图6所示,靠y轴远的峰为CD47-ES,靠y轴近的峰为ADMSC-ES。CD47-ES的荧光信号相对强度比ADMSC-ES高70.9%。说明CD47-ES被成功构建,且CD47的表达量是ADMSC-ES的1.7倍。
对比例二:对比例二和实施例二的不同之处在于,步骤2-(1)中选用不同浓度的嘌呤霉素对ADMSC进行处理,经过多种嘌呤霉素浓度的对比实验确定6μg/mL为嘌呤霉素最低细胞致死浓度。
表2.不同浓度的嘌呤霉素对细胞致死率的影响
对比例三:对比例三和实施例二的不同之处在于,步骤2-(1)中选用不同数量比例的 CD47过表达慢病毒与ADMSC进行混合,筛选转染率最高的比例。结果表明50:1为CD47 过表达慢病毒与ADMSC的最佳数量比例。
表3.不同数量比例的CD47过表达慢病毒与ADMSC混合对转染率的影响
名称 | 数量配比比例 | 转染率(%) |
比例1 | 40:1 | 92 |
比例2 | 50:1 | 99 |
比例3 | 60:1 | 89 |
比例4 | 70:1 | 72 |
实施例三:CD47-ES在体免疫逃逸程度测定
实验分组:挑选健康且已经成年的大鼠共12只,体重范围在180-200g之间。将大鼠随机分为两组:A组-CD47-ES组,B组-ADMSC-ES组(对照组)。
测试过程:将PKH67标记过的CD47-ES和ADMSC-ES浓度调整至1×106个/mL;将浓度为1×106个/mL的CD47-ES注射至A组大鼠腹腔,注射量为每只大鼠1mL;将浓度为1×106个/mL的ADMSC-ES注射至B组大鼠腹腔,注射量为每只大鼠1mL。注射后3h提取大鼠血浆(尽量取尽),将血浆稀释于11mL PBS中,并通过0.2μm过滤器过滤;超滤超离法提取外泌体,纳米流式细胞仪分析样本中PKH67-ES阳性率,对比两组数据,确定CD47-ES免疫逃逸能力。
经纳米流式细胞仪检测腹腔注射CD47-ES在3小时后血浆中残留量,并与ADMSC-ES残留量进行比较,如图7所示,微流式细胞术计数占注射量百分比结果表明CD47-ES在大鼠体内表现出更高的循环滞留性,免疫逃逸能力强于普通ADMSC-ES。CD47-ES组与 ADMSC-ES组存在统计学差异(n=6,ADMSC-ES组平均值为6.903‰,标准差为1.671‰; CD47-ES组平均值为9.504‰,标准差为0.137‰;**P<0.01。)
实施例四:CD47-ES的离体巨噬细胞转染率测定
将巨噬细胞复苏后置于6孔板中培养,巨噬细胞由海南医学院急救与创伤研究教育部重点实验室提供;将PKH67标记的CD47-ES和ADMSC-ES分别置于6孔板中与巨噬细胞共培养;分别于共培养1h、2h、3h后使用激光共聚焦观测巨噬细胞转染情况。图8和图9结果表明,巨噬细胞吞噬ADMSC-ES的能力显著强于CD47-ES,即CD47-ES的免疫逃逸能力显著强于普通ADMSC-ES。
综上所述,采用本发明所提供的外泌体构建方法,先利用慢病毒包裹CD47过表达质粒构建CD47过表达慢病毒载体,再通过慢病毒转染方式构建稳定的CD47-ADMSC 细胞株,最后分离并纯化第五代CD47-ADMSC细胞株来源的CD47-ES外泌体。
(1)本方法成功构建了CD47过表达质粒,通过PCR、重组质粒测序、细胞转染后荧光强度检测等技术对CD47过表达质粒载体进行鉴定,证明其能在293T细胞中稳定表达, CD47过表达293T细胞中CD47基因的表达丰度是对照组的32194299倍(P<0.01)。
(2)得到CD47过表达慢病毒载体,并成功高效地转染细胞。该病毒的滴度为 1×109TU/ml。
(3)成功提取并培养ADMSC,通过镜下形态观察及流式细胞术检测ADMSC特异性标志蛋白CD44,CD44阳性率为99.6%,符合ADMSC的相关特征。
(4)成功构建稳定的CD47过表达ADMSC细胞株,第五代CD47-ADMSC中CD47 的表达量是第五代ADMSC中CD47表达量的72.885倍(P<0.01)。成功提取并纯化了 CD47-ADMSC的ES,透射电镜观察到ES大小在30nm-200nm之间、NTA鉴定其粒径中位数为167.5nm,符合ES相关特征。
(5)纳米流式细胞术检测发现CD47-ES的表达量是ADMSC-ES的1.7倍。CD47-ES 在3h时大鼠体内的滞留量高于ADMSC-ES,滞留量约为ADMSC-ES的1.377倍(p<0.01),从而延长了其作为药物载体在体内发挥功能的时间。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明保护的范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种免疫逃逸CD47过表达外泌体的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:(1)构建CD47过表达质粒,并包装到慢病毒中形成CD47过表达慢病毒;(2)将步骤(1)的CD47过表达慢病毒转染大鼠ADMSC构建稳定的CD47过表达细胞株;(3)分离并纯化第五代CD47-ADMSC细胞株来源的CD47-ES外泌体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种免疫逃逸CD47过表达外泌体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,大鼠ADMSC浓度为1×105个细胞/孔,培养20h,然后加入筛选培养基和CD47过表达慢病毒,培养1天后更换为ADMSC完全培养基继续培养。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种免疫逃逸CD47过表达外泌体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,筛选培养基为加入2mL浓度为6μg/mL嘌呤霉素的ADMSC完全培养基,ADMSC完全培养基为450mL DMEM+50mL FBS+5mL P/S。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种免疫逃逸CD47过表达外泌体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,感染时CD47过表达慢病毒与ADMSC的数量比值为50:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种免疫逃逸CD47过表达外泌体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,取第5代CD47-ADMSC,培养至85%的细胞聚合后,更换为无血清培养基继续培养3天;收集细胞培养基,将离心机设置为300xg,4℃离心10min,去除活细胞;2,000xg,4℃离心10min,去除死细胞;10,000xg,4℃离心30min,去除细胞碎片;用0.22μm过滤器过滤上清液;将滤液加到超滤管上层,5000xg,4℃,离心30min,重复此步3次;将超滤管中的上层液体加入超高速离心管,100000xg,4℃,超高速离心70min;倒掉管中液体,用巴氏吸管吸取PBS反复吹打管壁,获得CD47-ES并在-80℃保存备用。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种免疫逃逸CD47过表达外泌体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中,将293T细胞培养至布满T75培养瓶,消化后用完全培养基调整细胞数量至3.5×105个/mL,转移至10cm细胞培养皿中培养24h后,将培养基更换为无血清培养基;取离心管依次加入20μg CD47过表达质粒、15μg pHelper1.0载体质粒、10μg pHelper 2.0载体质粒和1mL吉凯转染试剂,混合均匀后室温静置15min;将上述溶液滴入培养基培养6h,弃培养基,加入15mL PBS晃动洗净,倒掉PBS,加入20mL完全培养基培养72h,浓缩并纯化后获得CD47过表达慢病毒载体。
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