JP2017516645A - ゾーン型触媒複合体 - Google Patents
ゾーン型触媒複合体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017516645A JP2017516645A JP2016563045A JP2016563045A JP2017516645A JP 2017516645 A JP2017516645 A JP 2017516645A JP 2016563045 A JP2016563045 A JP 2016563045A JP 2016563045 A JP2016563045 A JP 2016563045A JP 2017516645 A JP2017516645 A JP 2017516645A
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- Prior art keywords
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- catalyst composite
- type catalyst
- washcoat
- catalyst
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical group [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
背景技術
要約
ゾーン型触媒複合体は、ゾーンの所望の機能性に適うよう調整されたずり減粘性ウォッシュコートを形成し、そしてモノリシック担体の端部を、ある深さまでウォッシュコート中に浸漬して、担体の長手方向通路に沿った平坦なプロファイルを有するゾーンを形成することによって調製される。真空を、ウォッシュコートによるそれらのコーティングを促進するために通路に適用してよい。気体パルスを、過剰のウォッシュコートを余すことなく除去して、引き続き平坦なプロファイルを保持するために、浸漬面とは反対方向で通路を通して印加してよい。一般的に、ゾーンは、モノリシック担体上で基礎をなす触媒複合体全体に適用される。選択的に、所望される場合には、ゾーンを担体に直接適用してもよい。
ゾーン用のウォッシュコートは、レオロジー改質剤及び/又は改質剤の混合物と一緒に触媒材料から形成される。レオロジー改質剤は、一定の固形分負荷量を有するウォッシュコートの粘度及びずり減粘性に影響を与え、そして同様に基材の通路におけるウォッシュコートの毛管作用を抑制する化合物で構成される。例示的なずり減粘特性は、5〜7の範囲の擬似塑性指数であってよい。ウォッシュコートの例示的な粘度は、100〜750センチポアズ(cP)の範囲にあってよい。ウォッシュコートの例示的な降伏点は、1.5〜10.0の範囲にあってよい。
基礎となる触媒複合体は、従来技術において周知の方法によって容易に調製することができる。代表的なプロセスを以下に示す。必要に応じて、基礎となる触媒複合体を担体上で層状に調製することができる。ウォッシュコートによって形成された任意の層では、ガンマアルミナのような高表面積の耐火性金属酸化物の微細な粒子、適当な媒介物、例えば水中でスラリー化する。1つ以上の実施形態においては、スラリーは酸性であり、約2〜約7未満のpHを有する。適した量の無機酸又は有機酸をスラリーに添加することによって、スラリーのpHを低下させることができる。酸と原材料との相溶性を考慮した場合、両者の組み合わせを使用することもできる。無機酸には、硝酸が含まれるが、これに限定されない。有機酸には、酢酸、プロピオン酸、シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、グルタミン酸、アジピン酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、フタル酸、酒石酸、クエン酸などが含まれるが、これらに限定されない。その後、必要に応じて、水溶性又は水分散性の酸素吸蔵成分の化合物、例えばセリウム−ジルコニウム複合体、安定剤、例えば酢酸バリウム、及び助触媒、例えば硝酸ランタンをスラリーに添加してよい。その後、スラリーを細砕して、平均直径が約20ミクロン未満、すなわち、約0.1ミクロンから15ミクロンの間の粒径を有する実質的にすべての固形分を得ることができる。細砕は、ボールミル又は他の同様の装置で行うことができ、スラリーの固形分は、例えば、約10〜50質量%、より具体的には約10〜40質量%であり得る。次いで、担体上にウォッシュコート/金属酸化物複合体の所望の負荷量、例えば約0.5〜約3.0g/in3が堆積されることになるように、担体をそのようなスラリーに1回以上浸漬してよく、又はスラリーを担体上にコーティングしてもよい。
1つ以上の実施形態においては、触媒材料が担体上に配置される。担体は、触媒複合体を調製するために典型的に用いられる任意の材料であってよく、好ましくはセラミック又は金属ハニカム構造を有することになる。任意の適切な担体、例えば、流体が通路を流れるように、基材の入口面又は出口面から延びる細くて平行なガス流路を有するタイプのモノリシック基材を用いてよい(基材を通るハニカム流と呼ばれる)。流体入口から流体出口への本質的に真っ直ぐな経路である通路は、該通路を流れるガスが触媒材料と接触するように触媒材料がウォッシュコートとしてコーティングされている壁によって画定される。モノリシック基材の流路は、台形、長方形、正方形、正弦波形、六角形、楕円形、円形などのような任意の適切な断面形状及び大きさを有していてよい薄壁チャネルである。かかる構造は、横断面1平方インチ当たりに約60個〜約900個以上のガス入口開口部(すなわちセル)を有していてよい。
例
この例は、1インチのライトオフゾーンを有するゾーン型触媒複合体の調製を記載する。アルミナ、酢酸ジルコニウム、及び白金塩を混合して、pHを約5に調節することによってスラリーを調製した。スラリーは約43%の固形分含有率を有していた。スラリーを、9〜11ミクロンの範囲の最終粒径に粉砕した。ウォッシュコートを形成するために、スラリーの質量を基準に、0.5%の分散剤、1%の界面活性剤、及び5%の高分子増粘剤を含有するレオロジー系をスラリーに添加した。流通担体(flow through carrier)3.66”3.0”400/4(4ミルの壁で400セル/平方インチ)の一端をウォッシュコート中に浸漬して、真空を適用することで担体の通路をコーティングした。コーティングされた担体を、連続ベルト焼成装置において450℃のピーク温度で、20分間ピーク温度で焼成して、平坦なプロファイル及び0.55g/in3の触媒材料の乾燥質量増大分及びアルミナ91.2質量%、ジルコニウム4.6質量%、及び白金4.2質量%の含有率を有する1インチの短いゾーン型触媒複合体を形成した。
この実施例は、基礎となるディーゼル用酸化触媒(DOC)上に0.5インチのPt−Ptライトオフゾーンを有するゾーン型触媒複合体の調製を記載する。75.44立方インチの単位体積を有する3インチの基材を使用した。
比較
この例は、例2に記載されているような、基礎となるディーゼル用酸化触媒(DOC)のみを提供する比較例の調製を記載する。75.44立方インチの単位体積を有する3インチの基材を使用した。
試験
図1は、例2及び比較例3の写真を示し、ここで、例3の平坦なゾーン20を示している。例2及び比較例3の圧力降下について、2インチと3インチの空気流のもとで試験した。表1に示しているとおり、1g/in3の乾燥質量増大を有する0.5インチゾーンの存在は、圧力降下に有意に影響を及ぼさなかった。
この例は、基礎となるゾーン型三元変換(TWC)触媒上に0.5インチのPdライトオフゾーン又は「付加ゾーン」を有するゾーン型触媒複合体の調製を記載する。600/4.3の流通基材(4.3ミルの壁で600セル/平方インチ)を使用した。
この例は、基礎となる2コートディーゼル用酸化触媒(DOC)上に0.5インチのPt−Pdライトオフゾーンを有するゾーン型触媒複合体の調製を記載する。2つの異なる担体を使用した:Big Bore−11.8インチ×4.0インチ Emitec 300/600 LS(マンテルオーバーハングあり)及びV8−7.5インチ×4.0インチ Emitec 300/600 LS(マンテルオーバーハングあり)。
比較
この例は、例6に記載されるような基礎となる2コートディーゼル用酸化触媒(DOC)のみを提供する比較例の調製を記載する。2つの異なる担体を使用した:Big Bore−11.8インチ×4.0インチ Emitec 300/600 LS(マンテルオーバーハングあり)及びV8−7.5インチ×4.0インチ Emitec 300/600 LS(マンテルオーバーハングあり)。
試験
図7は、例6の本発明のゾーン複合体(「付加ゾーン0.5インチを有する」)及び比較例7の複合体(「付加ゾーンなし」)の経時的な圧力降下のグラフを示す。図7に示しているように、1g/in3の乾燥質量増大を有する0.5インチのゾーンが存在することで、65時間にわたって0.7(Hg)以下の圧力降下が維持された。対照的に、比較例は、10時間未満で約1.7(Hg)の圧力スパイクを示す。
Claims (15)
- 内燃機関の排気流用のゾーン型触媒複合体であって、
複数の長手方向通路を有するモノリシック担体と、
前記担体の一端から始まるゾーンとを有し、前記ゾーンが平坦なプロファイルを有するように前記長手方向通路に沿って軸方向に延びており、ここで、前記ゾーンは、前記排気流中の1種以上の成分を変換及び/又は捕集するのに有効な触媒材料を有する、前記ゾーン型触媒複合体。 - 前記成分が、一酸化炭素(CO)、炭化水素(HC)、窒素酸化物(NOx)、すす、アンモニア(NH3)、SOx(SO2、SO3)及び/又は二硫化水素(H2S)である、請求項1記載のゾーン型触媒複合体。
- 前記ゾーンが、前記担体の長さの1インチ(2.54cm)までを構成している、請求項1記載のゾーン型触媒複合体。
- 前記ゾーンが、前記担体の長さの2mm〜1.27cmの範囲で構成している、請求項1記載のゾーン型触媒複合体。
- 前記触媒材料が、白金族金属(PGM)、卑金属(BM)、酸素吸蔵成分(OSC)、及び/又はモレキュラーシーブを有する、請求項1記載のゾーン型触媒複合体。
- 前記ゾーンが、10〜60μmの範囲の平均厚さを有する、請求項1記載のゾーン型触媒複合体。
- 前記ゾーンが、100〜750センチポアズ(cp)の範囲の粘度を有するウォッシュコートから形成されている、請求項1記載のゾーン型触媒複合体。
- 前記ゾーンが、1.5〜10.0の範囲の降伏点を有するウォッシュコートから形成されている、請求項1記載のゾーン型触媒複合体。
- 前記ゾーンが、高分子増粘剤、界面活性剤、及び/又は分散剤を含む1種以上の有機化合物を有するレオロジー系と一緒に前記触媒材料を含有するウォッシュコートから形成されている、請求項1記載のゾーン型触媒複合体。
- 前記レオロジー系が、高分子増粘剤、界面活性剤、及び分散剤を含有する、請求項9記載のゾーン型触媒複合体。
- 前記ゾーンが、5〜20μmの範囲の平均粒径を有する、請求項1記載のゾーン型触媒複合体。
- 前記担体の一端からの前記ゾーンの距離が、通路間で0〜15%の範囲に及ぶ、請求項1記載のゾーン型触媒複合体。
- 炭化水素、一酸化炭素、及び他の排気ガス成分を含む内燃機関排気流の処理システムであって、ここで、前記の排出処理システムは、
エキゾーストマニホールドを介して内燃機関と流体連通している排気導管;及び
請求項1記載のゾーン型触媒複合体
を有する、前記処理システム。 - 排気ガスを処理する方法であって、炭化水素、一酸化炭素、及び窒素酸化物を含有するガス流を、請求項1記載のゾーン型触媒複合体と接触させるステップを含む、前記方法。
- ゾーン型触媒複合体を製造する方法であって、ずり減粘性ウォッシュコートを形成するステップ;及び複数の長手方向通路を有するモノリシック担体の入口端を、ある深さまでウォッシュコート中に浸漬して、平坦なプロファイルを有する入口ゾーンを形成するステップを含む、前記方法。
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EP3131660B1 (en) | 2021-02-03 |
KR102402818B1 (ko) | 2022-05-27 |
US9662636B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 |
MX2016013654A (es) | 2017-09-01 |
US20150298098A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
EP3131660A4 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
CA2945790A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
JP6930833B2 (ja) | 2021-09-01 |
RU2016144962A (ru) | 2018-05-17 |
BR112016024159A2 (pt) | 2017-08-15 |
RU2686960C2 (ru) | 2019-05-06 |
WO2015161154A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
CN106457146A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
BR112016024159A8 (pt) | 2021-05-11 |
RU2016144962A3 (ja) | 2018-11-19 |
EP3131660A1 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
BR112016024159B1 (pt) | 2021-10-19 |
ZA201607760B (en) | 2018-05-30 |
CA2945790C (en) | 2022-08-16 |
KR20160145703A (ko) | 2016-12-20 |
CN106457146B (zh) | 2019-12-10 |
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