JP6712604B2 - 揮発した白金のための捕捉面を有する圧縮着火エンジン用排気システム - Google Patents
揮発した白金のための捕捉面を有する圧縮着火エンジン用排気システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6712604B2 JP6712604B2 JP2017548996A JP2017548996A JP6712604B2 JP 6712604 B2 JP6712604 B2 JP 6712604B2 JP 2017548996 A JP2017548996 A JP 2017548996A JP 2017548996 A JP2017548996 A JP 2017548996A JP 6712604 B2 JP6712604 B2 JP 6712604B2
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- catalyst
- exhaust system
- alumina
- substrate
- oxidation catalyst
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 174
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 281
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 186
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 116
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 116
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 100
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 91
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 77
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 111
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 34
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 12
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3] UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000269350 Anura Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910015999 BaAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910020203 CeO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002060 Fe-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002061 Ni-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018879 Pt—Pd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003668 SrAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005084 Strontium aluminate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;calcium;potassium;silicon;sodium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na].[Al].[Si].[K].[Ca] JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QKYBEKAEVQPNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O QKYBEKAEVQPNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001603 clinoptilolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- FNWBQFMGIFLWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium aluminate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Sr+2].[Sr+2] FNWBQFMGIFLWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/72—Copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
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Description
(1)4NH3+4NO+O2→4N2+6H2O、
(2)4NH3+2NO+2NO2→4N2+6H2O、及び
(3)8NH3+6NO→7N2+12H2O。
(a)白金(Pt)及びパラジウム(Pd)、好ましくは唯一のPGMとしてPt及びPd、又は
(b)白金(Pt)及びロジウム(Rh)、好ましくは唯一のPGMとしてPt及びRh、又は
(c)白金(Pt)、パラジウム(Pd)、及びロジウム(Rh)、好ましくは唯一のPGMとしてPt、Pd、及びRh
を含み得る。
本明細書で用いられる「混合酸化物」という用語は、通常、当技術分野で従来から知られているような、単一相における酸化物の混合物のことを指す。本明細書で用いられる「複合酸化物」という用語は、通常、当技術分野で従来から知られているような、二相以上の相を有する酸化物の組成物のことを指す。
ここで、本発明を、非限定的な下記の実施例で示す。
3重量%のCu/CHAゼオライトでコーティングされた基材の調製
市販のアルミノケイ酸塩CHAゼオライトが、撹拌されながらCu(NO3)2の水溶液に添加された。スラリーは、フィルタリングされ、次いで洗浄且つ乾燥された。この手順は、所望の金属添加量を得るために繰り返すことができる。最終生成物は、か焼された。混合した後、結合剤及びレオロジー改質剤が添加され、ウォッシュコート組成物が形成された。
シリカ−アルミナ粉末が、水中でスラリー化され、<20ミクロンのd90に粉砕された。酢酸バリウムがスラリーに添加され、その後、適量の可溶性の白金とパラジウム塩が添加された。ベータゼオライトが添加され、スラリーは均質化するよう攪拌された。従来のコーティング技法を用いて、得られたウォッシュコートは、400cpsiコーディエライトフロースルーモノリスの入口通路に適用された。この部分は次いで乾燥された。
触媒は、実施例2に従って調製された。Pd硝酸塩のさらなる溶液が、5mmのコーティング深さを達成するために溶液で浸された吸着性発泡ポリマー材料を用いて、触媒の出口面に含浸された。触媒の出口面に適用された追加のPdの量は、0.29gであった。これは、5mmゾーンにおける101.6g/ft3の充填量に等しい。触媒は、次いで、乾燥されて、500℃でか焼された。
システム試験
試験は、図1で示された第1の合成触媒活性試験(SCAT)の実験反応器で行われた。実験反応器では、実施例1のコーティングされたCU/CHAゼオライトSCR触媒のエイジングさせたコアが、実施例2又は実施例3の触媒コアの導管下流に配置された。合成ガス混合物が、毎分6リットルの割合で導管を通過した。酸化触媒試料を加熱(又は「エイジング」)するために、2時間にわたって、900℃の触媒出口温度で炉が使用された。SCR触媒は、酸化触媒試料の下流に配置され、水冷式熱交換器ジャケットを適宜使用することが可能であったが、炉の出口とSCRの入口との間の導管の長さを調節することによりエイジング工程中に300℃の触媒温度で保持された。適切に配置されているサーモカップル(T1及びT2)を用いて温度を決定した。空気が40%、N2が50%、H2Oが10%であるとき、エイジング中にガス混合物が用いられた。
Claims (14)
- 圧縮点火エンジンによって生成された排気ガスを処理するための排気システムであって、前記排気システムが酸化触媒及び前記酸化触媒の下流に排出制御装置を含み、
前記酸化触媒が、
フロースルーモノリス基材又はフィルターモノリス基材であり、入口端面及び出口端面を有する基材、
前記基材上に配置されている触媒材料であって、白金(Pt)を含む、触媒材料、並びに
捕捉材料を含む、捕捉ゾーン
を含み、
前記排出制御装置が、選択的触媒還元(SCR)触媒又は選択的触媒還元フィルター触媒であり、
前記捕捉材料が、前記基材の前記出口端面上及び前記基材内の複数の通路壁上に配置され、前記捕捉ゾーンが、前記基材の軸方向に≦20mmの平均長さを有し、
前記捕捉材料が、Pt合金化材料及び耐火性酸化物を含み、前記Pt合金化材料が、金属及び/又はその酸化物を含み、前記金属が、パラジウム(Pd)、金(Au)、銅(Cu)、PdとAuとの混合物、PdとCuとの混合物、AuとCuとの混合物、PdとAuとCuとの混合物、PdとAuとの二元金属合金、PdとCuとの二元金属合金、AuとCuとの二元金属合金、及びPdとAuとCuとの三元金属合金からなる群から選択される、排気システム。 - 前記捕捉ゾーンが、≦10mmの平均長さを有する、請求項1に記載の排気システム。
- 前記捕捉材料の総充填量が、6.1から213.6g/L(0.1から3.5g/in 3 )である、請求項1又は2に記載の排気システム。
- Pt合金化材料の総金属充填量が、4g/ft 3 から250g/ft 3 である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の排気システム。
- 前記金属が、パラジウム(Pd)、PdとAuとの混合物、及びPdとAuとの二元金属合金からなる群から選択される、請求項1、2又は3に記載の排気システム。
- 前記耐火性酸化物が、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニア、セリア、及びそれらの混合酸化物又は複合酸化物からなる群から選択され、前記混合酸化物又は複合酸化物が、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、ジルコニア、セリア、シリカ−アルミナ、チタニア−アルミナ、ジルコニア−アルミナ、セリア−アルミナ、チタニア−シリカ、ジルコニア−シリカ、ジルコニア−チタニア、セリア−ジルコニア、及びアルミナ−酸化マグネシウムからなる群から選択される、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の排気システム。
- 前記触媒材料が、担体材料上に担持されている白金(Pt)を含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の排気システム。
- 前記触媒材料が、(i)白金(Pt)、並びに(ii)パラジウム(Pd)及び/又はロジウム(Rh)を含む、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の排気システム。
- 前記触媒材料は、Pt対Pdが≧1:1の質量比で、Pt及びPdを含む、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の排気システム。
- 前記触媒材料が、Pt対Rhが≧1:1の質量比で、Pt及びRhを含む、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の排気システム。
- 圧縮着火エンジン、及び、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の排気システムを備えている車両。
- 圧縮着火エンジンによって生成された排気ガスを処理するための、排気システム内の揮発した白金(Pt)を捕捉するための捕捉材料の使用であって、前記排気システムが、前記排気ガスを処理するための酸化触媒、及び前記酸化触媒の下流の排出制御装置を含み、前記排出制御装置が、選択的触媒還元(SCR)触媒又は選択的触媒還元フィルター触媒であり、前記酸化触媒が、
フロースルーモノリス基材又はフィルターモノリス基材であり、入口端面及び出口端面を有する基材、
前記基材上に配置されている触媒材料であって、白金(Pt)を含む、触媒材料、並びに
前記捕捉材料を含む捕捉ゾーンであって、前記捕捉ゾーンが、軸方向に≦20mmの平均長さを有し、前記捕捉材料が、前記基材の前記出口端面上及び前記基材内の複数の通路壁上に配置されているか又は担持されている、捕捉ゾーン、
を含み、
前記捕捉材料が、Pt合金化材料及び耐火性酸化物を含み、前記Pt合金化材料が、金属及び/又はその酸化物を含み、前記金属が、パラジウム(Pd)、金(Au)、銅(Cu)、PdとAuとの混合物、PdとCuとの混合物、AuとCuとの混合物、PdとAuとCuとの混合物、PdとAuとの二元金属合金、PdとCuとの二元金属合金、AuとCuとの二元金属合金、及びPdとAuとCuとの三元金属合金からなる群から選択される、捕捉材料の使用。 - 前記捕捉ゾーンが、≦10mmの平均長さを有する、請求項12に記載の使用。
- 前記金属が、パラジウム(Pd)、PdとAuとの混合物、及びPdとAuとの二元金属合金からなる群から選択される、請求項12又は13に記載の使用。
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GBGB1504658.4A GB201504658D0 (en) | 2015-03-19 | 2015-03-19 | Exhaust system for a compression ignition engine having a capture face for volatilised platinum |
PCT/GB2016/050286 WO2016146966A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 | 2016-02-08 | Exhaust system for a compression ignition engine having a capture face for volatilised platinum |
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WO2018025047A1 (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2018-02-08 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Diesel oxidation catalyst having a capture region for sulfur containing impurities |
GB201613849D0 (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2016-09-28 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Exhaust system for a compression ignition engine having a capture region for volatilised platinum |
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US20210138441A1 (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2021-05-13 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Stable CHA Zeolites |
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CN115387886B (zh) * | 2022-09-23 | 2024-06-07 | 天津瑞合环保科技有限公司 | 带催化剂浆料涂层的内燃机车颗粒过滤器 |
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