JP2017514316A - ヘテロ接合電界効果トランジスタ - Google Patents
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- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 158
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005036 potential barrier Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005533 two-dimensional electron gas Effects 0.000 description 2
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002291 germanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 germanium halide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
例えばGaNのような第1の半導体材料により構成されるチャネル層と、
チャネル層上に形成され、第1の半導体材料よりも大きなバンドギヤップ及び第1の半導体材料よりも低い電子親和力を有する例えばAlN又はAlGaNのような半導体材料により構成されるバリア層と、
バリア層と共にショットキー接合を形成するゲート電極と、
ゲート電極のいずれかの側に設けたソース電極及びドレイン電極とを有する。
a)x及びyを0以上であって1以下(0又は1を含む)とし、和x+yは1に等しいか又はそれ以下とした場合に、Ga(1-x-y)Al(x)In(y)Nの六方晶構造を有する半導体材料により構成されるバッファ層と、
バッファ層上のチャネル層であって、z及びwは0以上であって1以下(0又は1を含む)とし、和z+wは1に等しいか又はそれ以下とし、z及びwの少なくとも一方はx又はyとはそれぞれ異なるものとした場合に、Ga(1-z-w)Al(z)In(w)Nの六方晶構造を有する材料により構成されるチャネル層と、
チャネル層上のバリア層であって、z’及びw’は0以上であって1以下(0又は1を含む)とし、和z’+w’は1に等しいか又はそれ以下とし、z’及びw’の少なくとも一方はz又はwとはそれぞれ異なるものとした場合に、Ga(1-z'-w')Al(z')In(w')Nの六方晶構造を有する材料により構成されるバリア層とを、基板上に形成し、
b)前記バリア層上に誘電体により構成されるマスキング層を堆積し、
c)前記マスキング層に開口部を形成し、
d)前記マスキング層に形成した開口部の位置に対応する成長領域に、x’及びy’は0以上であって1以下(0又は1を含む)とし、和x’+y’は1又はそれ以下とした場合に、ゲルマニウムが添加されたGa(1-x'-y')Al(x')In(y')Nの六方晶構造を有する半導体材料を高温エピタキシーにより成長形成し、
e)工程d)においてエピタキシーにより堆積した材料上にソース又はドレイン接点電極を堆積し、
f)前記成長領域から外れた位置にゲート電極を堆積するプロセスを提供する。
・エピタキシャル材料上に堆積した例えばチタニウムのタイ層、
・タイ層上に堆積した例えばプラチニウムのバリア層、及び
・バリア層上に堆積した例えば金の導電層を、堆積する。
x及びyは0以上であって1以下(0又は1を含む)とし、和x+yは1に等しいか又はそれ以下とした場合に、Ga(1-x-y)Al(x)In(y)Nの六方晶構造を有する半導体材料により構成されるバッファ層と、
z及びwは0以上であって1以下(0又は1を含む)とし、和z+wは1に等しいか又はそれ以下とし、zはxとは異なり及び/又はwはyとは異なるものとした場合に、Ga(1-z-w)Al(z)In(w)Nの六方晶構造を有する材料により構成されるチャネル層と、
z’及びw’は0以上であって1以下(0又は1を含む)とし、和z’+w’は1に等しいか又はそれ以下とし、z’はzとは異なり及び/又はw’はwとは異なるものとした場合に、Ga(1-z'-w')Al(z')In(w')Nの六方晶構造を有する材料により構成されるバリア層と、
誘電体マスキング層に形成した開口部の位置に対応する成長領域に高温エピタキシーにより堆積される成長材料層であって、x’及びy’は0以上であって1以下(0又は1を含む)とし、和x’+y’は1に等しいか又はそれ以下とした場合に、六方晶構造を有し、ゲルマニウムが添加されたGa(1-x'-y')Al(x')In(y')Nにより構成される成長材料層(エピタキシャル層と称される)と、
前記成長材料層上に形成したソース又はドレイン接点電極、及び前記成長領域から外れた位置に形成したゲート電極とを、基板上に当該積層順序にしたがって有するヘテロ接合電界効果トランジスタを提供する。
・例えば不純物が添加されていないGa0.9Al0.1Nにより構成されるバッファ層2と、
・例えば不純物が添加されていないGaNにより構成されるチャネル層3と、
・例えば不純物が添加されていないAlNにより構成されるバリア層4と、
・例えばSiNにより構成される誘電体マスキング層5とを具える。
・ベクトルガス:H2及び/又はN2及び/又は別の不活性ガス
・700℃と1150℃との間の温度、有益には1000℃と1150℃との間の温度
・反応物質:トリメチルガリウム(及び/又は他のGa有機金属)及びNH3(及び/又はヒドラジン、アミン等の他の窒素供給分子)
・ドーパントガス:GeH4(及び/又は有機ゲルマニウム化合物又はゲルマニウムのハロゲン化物)
・エピタキシャル材料上に堆積した例えばチタニウム層のタイ層7,10と、
・対応するタイ層7,10上に堆積した例えばプラチニウム層のバリア層8,11と、
・対応するバリア層8,11上に堆積した例えば金の層から成る導電層9,12とを具える。
Claims (8)
- 積層された層により構成される半導体構造体を有するヘテロ接合電界効果トランジスタを製造するプロセスであって、
a)x及びyは0以上であって1以下とし、和x+yは1に等しいか又はそれ以下とした場合に、Ga(1-x-y)Al(x)In(y)Nの六方晶構造を有する半導体材料により構成されるバッファ層(2)と、
バッファ層上のチャネル層であって、z及びwは0以上であって1以下とし、和z+wは1に等しいか又はそれ以下とし、z及びwの少なくとも一方はx又はyとはそれぞれ異なるものとした場合に、Ga(1-z-w)Al(z)In(w)Nの六方晶構造を有する材料により構成されるチャネル層(3)と、
チャネル層上のバリア層であって、z’及びw’は0以上であって1以下とし、和z’+w’は1に等しいか又はそれ以下とし、z’及びw’の少なくとも一方はz又はwとはそれぞれ異なるものとした場合に、Ga(1-z'-w')Al(z')In(w')Nの六方晶構造を有する材料により構成されるバリア層(4)とを、基板層(1)上に形成し、
b)前記バリア層上に誘電体マスキング層(5)を堆積し、
c)前記誘電体マスキング層に開口部を形成し、
d)前記マスキング層に形成した開口部により規定される成長領域に、x’及びy’は0以上1であって以下とし、和x’+y’は1又はそれ以下とした場合に、ゲルマニウムが添加されたGa(1-x'-y')Al(x')In(y')Nの六方晶構造を有する半導体材料(6,6’)を高温エピタキシーにより成長形成し、
e)工程d)においてエピタキシーにより堆積した材料上にソース又はドレイン接点電極(15,16)を堆積し、
f)前記成長領域から外れた位置にゲート電極(13)を堆積するプロセス。 - 請求項1に記載のプロセスにおいて、ステップd)において、有機金属気相エピタキシー技術を用いるプロセス。
- 請求項1に記載のプロセスにおいて、ステップd)において、分子線エピタキシー技術を用いるプロセス。
- 請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載のプロセスにおいて、工程d)においてエピタキシーにより堆積される材料は、ゲルマニウム添加GaNとしたプロセス。
- 請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載のプロセスにおいて、接点電極を堆積する工程e)は、合金化アニールすることなく行われるプロセス。
- 請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載のプロセスにおいて、工程d)は、960℃以上であって1150℃に等しいか又はそれ以下の温度で行われるプロセス。
- 積層された層により構成される半導体構造体を有するヘテロ接合電界効果トランジスタであって、
x及びyは0以上であって1以下とし、和x+yは1に等しいか又はそれ以下とした場合に、Ga(1-x-y)Al(x)In(y)Nの六方晶構造を有する材料により構成されるバッファ層(2)と、
バッファ層上のチャネル層(3)であって、z及びwは0以上であって1以下とし、和z+wは1に等しいか又はそれ以下とし、z及びwの少なくとも一方はx又はyとはそれぞれ異なるものとした場合に、Ga(1-z-w)Al(z)In(w)Nの六方晶構造を有する材料により構成されるチャネル層(3)と、
チャネル層上のバリア層(4)であって、z’及びw’は0以上であって1以下とし、和z’+w’は1に等しいか又はそれ以下とし、z’及びw’の少なくとも一方はz又はwとはそれぞれ異なるものとした場合に、Ga(1-z'-w')Al(z')In(w')Nの六方晶構造を有する材料により構成されるバリア層(4)と、
誘電体マスキング層(5)に形成した開口部の位置に対応する成長領域に高温エピタキシーにより堆積されるエピタキシャル材料層(6,6’)であって、x’及びy’は0以上1以下とし、和x’+y’は1に等しいか又はそれ以下とした場合に、ゲルマニウムが添加されたGa(1-x'-y')Al(x')In(y')Nの六方晶構造を有するエピタキシャル材料層(6,6’)と、
前記成長材料層上に形成した接点電極(15,16)及び前記成長領域から外れた位置に形成したゲート電極とを、基板層(1)上に当該積層順序にしたがって有するヘテロ接合電界効果トランジスタ。 - 請求項7に記載のトランジスタを有するモノリシックマイクロ波集積回路。
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