JP2017216243A - リチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料及びリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料及びリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017216243A JP2017216243A JP2017133462A JP2017133462A JP2017216243A JP 2017216243 A JP2017216243 A JP 2017216243A JP 2017133462 A JP2017133462 A JP 2017133462A JP 2017133462 A JP2017133462 A JP 2017133462A JP 2017216243 A JP2017216243 A JP 2017216243A
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- electrode material
- secondary battery
- lithium
- lithium ion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 267
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 101
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 79
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 71
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Abstract
【解決手段】下記式(1)によって表され、このリチウム複合化合物の一次粒子の表面に、Ti3+が濃化した層を有することで、複数の前記一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子の少なくとも表面に、Ti3+が濃化した層を有することを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料。
Li1+aNibMncCodTieMfO2+α …(1)
ただし、前記式(1)中、Mは、Mg、Al、Zr、Mo、Nbからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の元素であり、a、b、c、d、e、f及びαは、−0.1≦a≦0.2、0.7<b≦0.9、0≦c<0.3、0≦d<0.3、0<e≦0.25、0≦f<0.3、b+c+d+e+f=1、及び、−0.2≦α≦0.2、を満たす数である。
【選択図】図4A
Description
本実施形態の正極材料は、例えば、後述するリチウムイオン二次電池の正極に用いられる粉末状の正極活物質である。本実施形態の正極材料は、下記式(1)によって表され、かつX線光電子分光分析(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy;XPS)に基づく3価のTi(Ti3+)と4価のTi(Ti4+)の原子比(Ti3+/Ti4+)が1.5以上、20以下であるリチウム複合化合物によって構成されていることを特徴としている。
図1Aは、本実施形態のリチウム二次電池用正極材料の製造方法に含まれる各工程を示すフロー図である。本実施形態の正極材料の製造方法は、前述の粉末状の正極活物質である正極材料を製造する方法であり、主に、混合工程S1と焼成工程S2とを有している。また、図1Bに示すように、本実施形態の正極材料の製造方法は、混合工程S1と焼成工程S2に加えて、浸漬工程S3を有してもよい。
以下、前述の正極材料を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池用正極と、その正極を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池について説明する。図2は、本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池の模式的な部分断面図である。
以下、本発明の正極材料及びその製造方法の実施例と、本発明に含まれない比較例について説明する。
以下の手順によって、実施例1の正極材料を製造した。まず、正極材料の出発原料として、炭酸リチウム、水酸化ニッケル、炭酸コバルト、炭酸マンガン、及び、チタン含有キレート剤(チタンラクテートアンモニウム塩)を用意した。次に、これら出発原料を混合する混合工程を実施した。具体的には、前述の出発原料を、原子比でLi:Ni:Co:Mnが、1.04:0.80:0.15:0.05となるように秤量した。
第3熱処理工程における熱処理温度を800℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様に正極材料を製造して、実施例2の正極材料を得た。得られた実施例2の正極材料を、実施例1の正極材料と同様に解析し、実施例2の正極材料を構成するリチウム複合化合物の組成式と、原子比Ti3+/Ti4+と、熱重量分析による重量減少率、粒子破壊強度及び比表面積を得た。
混合工程においてチタン含有キレート剤の添加量を2mol相当のTiとなるように添加した以外は、実施例1と同様に正極材料を製造して、実施例3の正極材料を得た。得られた実施例3の正極材料を、実施例1の正極材料と同様に解析し、実施例3の正極材料を構成するリチウム複合化合物の組成式と、原子比Ti3+/Ti4+、粒子破壊強度及び比表面積を得た。
混合工程においてチタン含有キレート剤の添加量を3mol相当のTiとなるように添加した以外は、実施例1と同様に正極材料を製造して、実施例4の正極材料を得た。得られた実施例4の正極材料を、実施例1の正極材料と同様に解析し、実施例4の正極材料を構成するリチウム複合化合物の組成式と、原子比Ti3+/Ti4+、粒子破壊強度及び比表面積を得た。
混合工程において原子比でLi:Ni:Co:Mnが、1.08:0.80:0.15:0.05としてLi量を増やした以外は、実施例2と同様にして正極材料を製造して、実施例5の正極材料を得た。得られた実施例5の正極材料を実施例1の正極材料と同様に解析し、実施例5の正極材料を構成するリチウム複合化合物の組成式と、原子比Ti3+/Ti4+、粒子破壊強度及び比表面積を得た。
混合工程において原子比でLi:Ni:Co:Mnが、1.02:0.80:0.15:0.05としてLi量を減らした以外は、実施例2と同様にして正極材料を製造して、実施例6の正極材料を得た。得られた実施例6の正極材料を実施例1の正極材料と同様に解析し、実施例6の正極材料を構成するリチウム複合化合物の組成式と、原子比Ti3+/Ti4+、粒子破壊強度及び比表面積を得た。
チタン原料として酸化チタン(TiO2)を用意し、原子比でLi:Ni:Co:Mn:Tiが、1.04:0.79:0.15:0.05:0.01となるように秤量した。これらを粉砕機で粉砕すると共に湿式混合してスラリーを調製する混合工程を実施した。混合工程では、スラリー固形分の平均粒径が0.15μmとなるまで粉砕した。そして、得られたスラリーをスプレードライヤーによって乾燥させて上記出発原料の混合物である混合粉を得た。その後、焼成工程は実施例2と同様に正極材料を製造して、実施例7の正極材料を得た。得られた実施例7の正極材料を実施例1の正極材料と同様に解析し、実施例7の正極材料を構成するリチウム複合化合物の組成式と、原子比Ti3+/Ti4+、粒子破壊強度及び比表面積を得た。
混合工程でのスラリー固形分の平均粒径を0.35μmとした以外は実施例7と同様に正極材料を製造して、実施例8の正極材料を得た。得られた実施例8の正極材料を実施例1の正極材料と同様に解析し、実施例8の正極材料を構成するリチウム複合化合物の組成式と、原子比Ti3+/Ti4+、粒子破壊強度及び比表面積を得た。
第3熱処理工程における熱処理温度を815℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様に正極材料を製造して、実施例9の正極材料を得た。得られた実施例9の正極材料を、実施例1の正極材料と同様に解析し、実施例9の正極材料を構成するリチウム複合化合物の組成式と、原子比Ti3+/Ti4+、粒子破壊強度及び比表面積を得た。
チタン酸化物を無添加とし、第3熱処理工程における熱処理温度を770℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様に正極材料を製造して、比較例1の正極材料を得た。得られた比較例1の正極材料を、実施例1の正極材料と同様に解析し、比較例1の正極材料を構成するリチウム複合化合物の組成式と、熱重量分析による重量減少率、粒子破壊強度及び比表面積を得た。
第3熱処理工程における熱処理温度を755℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様に正極材料を製造して、比較例2の正極材料を得た。得られた比較例2の正極材料を、実施例1の正極材料と同様に解析し、比較例2の正極材料を構成するリチウム複合化合物の組成式と、原子比Ti3+/Ti4+と、熱重量分析による重量減少率、粒子破壊強度及び比表面積を得た。
第3熱処理工程における熱処理温度を770℃とした以外は、実施例1と同様に正極材料を製造して、比較例3の正極材料を得た。得られた比較例3の正極材料を、実施例1の正極材料と同様に解析し、比較例3の正極材料を構成するリチウム複合化合物の組成式と、原子比Ti3+/Ti4+と、熱重量分析による重量減少率、粒子破壊強度及び比表面積を得た。
混合工程においてチタン含有キレート剤の添加量を4mol相当のTiとなるように添加した以外は、実施例1と同様に正極材料を製造して、比較例4の正極材料を得た。得られた比較例4の正極材料を、実施例1の正極材料と同様に解析し、比較例4の正極材料を構成するリチウム複合化合物の組成式と、原子比Ti3+/Ti4+と、粒子破壊強度及び比表面積を得た。
一方、図10Aは、比較例1の二次電池の0サイクルでの正極材料の断面の顕微鏡写真である。図10B及び図10Cは、図10Aに示す正極材料の表面からの各距離(1番から6番で示す距離及び7番で示す表面のNiO)でのTEM−EELSによる測定結果を示す。
一方、図12Aは、比較例1の二次電池の300サイクル後の正極材料の断面の顕微鏡写真である。図12B及び図12Cは、図12Aに示すA−Aに沿う正極材料の表面近傍をTEM−EELSで測定した結果を示す。
実施例2の正極材料に対し、以下の手順で表面処理を実施した。まず、ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム(LiPF6)とトリイソプロポキシボロキシン((BO)3(O(CH)(CH3)2)3)で表されるホウ酸エステルをジメチルカーボネート(DMC)に溶解させた。次に、この有機溶媒中に正極活物質を投入して浸漬させ、2時間撹拌した。このとき、ホウ酸エステルの投入量は、正極活物質に対して1質量%となるように調整した。その後、DMCを吸引濾過して得られた粉末を、DMCで三度洗浄した。洗浄後の粉末を120℃で1時間真空乾燥して実施例10の正極材料を得た。
S1 混合工程
S2 焼成工程
S3 浸漬工程
Claims (4)
- 下記式(1)によって表され、このリチウム複合化合物の一次粒子の表面に、Ti3+が濃化した層を有することで、複数の前記一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子の少なくとも表面に、Ti3+が濃化した層を有することを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料。
Li1+aNibMncCodTieMfO2+α …(1)
ただし、前記式(1)中、Mは、Mg、Al、Zr、Mo、Nbからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の元素であり、a、b、c、d、e、f及びαは、−0.1≦a≦0.2、0.7<b≦0.9、0≦c<0.3、0≦d<0.3、0<e≦0.25、0≦f<0.3、b+c+d+e+f=1、及び、−0.2≦α≦0.2、を満たす数である。 - 前記Ti3+が濃化した層は、R−3m層状構造であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料。
- 前記Ti3+が濃化した層は、一次粒子の表面から5nm以内の領域にあることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料。
- 請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料を備えることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。
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JPWO2020175552A1 (ja) * | 2019-02-26 | 2021-12-23 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法、リチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP7173275B2 (ja) | 2019-02-26 | 2022-11-16 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法、リチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP7226521B2 (ja) | 2019-02-26 | 2023-02-21 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法、リチウムイオン二次電池 |
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CN107112531B (zh) | 2020-07-24 |
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EP3246973A1 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
US20170358799A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
US10749175B2 (en) | 2020-08-18 |
KR20170086650A (ko) | 2017-07-26 |
CN107112531A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
KR101928683B1 (ko) | 2018-12-12 |
US10256466B2 (en) | 2019-04-09 |
JP6197981B1 (ja) | 2017-09-20 |
US11581534B2 (en) | 2023-02-14 |
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