WO2022163455A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用活物質、非水電解質二次電池用活物質の製造方法、及び非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用活物質、非水電解質二次電池用活物質の製造方法、及び非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022163455A1 WO2022163455A1 PCT/JP2022/001763 JP2022001763W WO2022163455A1 WO 2022163455 A1 WO2022163455 A1 WO 2022163455A1 JP 2022001763 W JP2022001763 W JP 2022001763W WO 2022163455 A1 WO2022163455 A1 WO 2022163455A1
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- Prior art keywords
- active material
- electrolyte secondary
- composite oxide
- lithium
- secondary battery
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 65
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002388 carbon-based active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002409 silicon-based active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C#C)C(OC)=C1 IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015973 LiNi0.8Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100396546 Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987) tif-6 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, a method for producing the active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the active material.
- a secondary reaction between the active material contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and the electrolyte may reduce the battery capacity due to repeated charging and discharging.
- zirconium hydroxide or zirconium oxide and Li 2 ZrF 6 , Li 2 TiF 6 , Li 3 PO 4 and Li 2 are added to the surface of a lithium-containing composite oxide for the purpose of improving charge-discharge cycle characteristics.
- a surface-modified lithium - containing composite oxide to which at least one lithium salt selected from the group consisting of SO4 and Li2SO4.H2O is attached is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses, as a method for producing a surface-modified lithium-containing composite oxide, a method of mixing powder of a lithium-containing composite oxide, a solution containing zirconium, and a solution containing an ammonium salt, followed by heat treatment. ing.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide an active material capable of suppressing an increase in internal resistance of a battery.
- An active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is one aspect of the present disclosure, includes a core capable of reversibly absorbing and desorbing Li and a compound attached to the surface of the core, and the compound contains trivalent Ti. characterized by
- a method for producing an active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is one embodiment of the present disclosure, has the general formula M2 2 TiF 6 (M2 is selected from the group consisting of NH 4 , Li, Na, Ca, Mg, and K and a core capable of reversibly absorbing and desorbing Li, and adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution to 5.5 to 9.5. .
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes an electrode containing the active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a counter electrode of the electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- an increase in internal resistance of the battery can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a cylindrical secondary battery that is an example of an embodiment
- a cylindrical battery in which a wound electrode body is housed in a cylindrical battery case is exemplified, but the electrode body is not limited to a wound type, and a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are interposed between separators. It may be of a laminated type in which one sheet is alternately laminated on the other.
- the battery case is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be, for example, rectangular, coin-shaped, or the like, or may be a battery case composed of a laminate sheet including a metal layer and a resin layer.
- FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a cylindrical secondary battery 10 that is an example of an embodiment.
- an electrode body 14 and a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown) are accommodated in an exterior body 15 .
- the electrode body 14 has a wound structure in which the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are wound with the separator 13 interposed therebetween.
- the non-aqueous solvent (organic solvent) of the non-aqueous electrolyte carbonates, lactones, ethers, ketones, esters, etc. can be used, and two or more of these solvents can be mixed and used. .
- a mixed solvent containing a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate For example, cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and butylene carbonate (BC) can be used, and chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), and diethyl carbonate ( DEC) and the like can be used.
- cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and butylene carbonate (BC)
- chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), and diethyl carbonate ( DEC) and the like can be used.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- electrolyte salt of the nonaqueous electrolyte LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 and mixtures thereof can be used.
- the amount of electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent can be, for example, 0.5 to 2.0 mol/L.
- the sealing body 16 side will be described as “upper”, and the bottom side of the exterior body 15 will be described as “lower”.
- the inside of the secondary battery 10 is hermetically sealed by closing the opening end of the exterior body 15 with the sealing body 16 .
- Insulating plates 17 and 18 are provided above and below the electrode body 14, respectively.
- the positive electrode lead 19 extends upward through the through hole of the insulating plate 17 and is welded to the lower surface of the filter 22 which is the bottom plate of the sealing member 16 .
- the cap 26, which is the top plate of the sealing member 16 electrically connected to the filter 22, serves as a positive electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 20 passes through the through hole of the insulating plate 18 , extends to the bottom side of the exterior body 15 , and is welded to the bottom inner surface of the exterior body 15 .
- the exterior body 15 becomes a negative electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 20 When the negative electrode lead 20 is installed at the terminal end, the negative electrode lead 20 extends through the outside of the insulating plate 18 toward the bottom of the package 15 and is welded to the inner surface of the bottom of the package 15 .
- the exterior body 15 is, for example, a bottomed cylindrical metal exterior can.
- a gasket 27 is provided between the exterior body 15 and the sealing body 16 to ensure hermetic sealing of the inside of the secondary battery 10 .
- the exterior body 15 has a grooved portion 21 that supports the sealing body 16 and is formed, for example, by pressing the side portion from the outside.
- the grooved portion 21 is preferably annularly formed along the circumferential direction of the exterior body 15 and supports the sealing body 16 via a gasket 27 on its upper surface.
- the sealing body 16 has a filter 22, a lower valve body 23, an insulating member 24, an upper valve body 25, and a cap 26 which are stacked in order from the electrode body 14 side.
- Each member constituting the sealing member 16 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member other than the insulating member 24 is electrically connected to each other.
- the lower valve body 23 and the upper valve body 25 are connected to each other at their central portions, and an insulating member 24 is interposed between their peripheral edge portions.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 that constitute the secondary battery 10 will be described below.
- a case where a compound containing trivalent Ti is applied to the active material (positive electrode active material) contained in the positive electrode 11 will be described as an example. substance), or may be applied to both the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material.
- the positive electrode 11 has, for example, a positive electrode core such as a metal foil, and a positive electrode mixture layer formed on the positive electrode core.
- a positive electrode core such as a metal foil, and a positive electrode mixture layer formed on the positive electrode core.
- a foil of a metal such as aluminum that is stable in the positive electrode potential range, a film having the metal on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the positive electrode mixture layer contains, for example, a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and the like.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, etc. is applied onto the positive electrode core, dried to form a positive electrode mixture layer, and then the positive electrode mixture layer is rolled. It can be produced by
- Examples of the conductive material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include carbon-based particles such as carbon black (CB), acetylene black (AB), ketjen black, and graphite. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- binders contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include fluorine resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide resins, acrylic resins, and polyolefins. system resins, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- fluorine resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide resins, acrylic resins, and polyolefins. system resins, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the positive electrode active material contains, for example, a lithium-containing composite oxide as a core capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating Li.
- a lithium-containing composite oxide has a layered structure.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide may have, for example, a layered structure belonging to space group R-3m, a layered structure belonging to space group C2/m, or the like. From the viewpoints of high capacity, stability of the crystal structure, etc., the lithium-containing composite oxide preferably has a layered structure belonging to the space group R-3m.
- a lithium-containing composite oxide is, for example, a secondary particle formed by aggregating a plurality of primary particles.
- the particle size of the primary particles that make up the secondary particles is, for example, 0.05 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of primary particles is measured as the diameter of the circumscribed circle in a particle image observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- the volume-based median diameter (D50) of the secondary particles of the lithium-containing composite oxide is, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- D50 means a particle size at which the cumulative frequency is 50% from the smaller particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution, and is also called median diameter.
- the particle size distribution of the composite oxide (Z) can be measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (eg MT3000II manufactured by Microtrack Bell Co., Ltd.) using water as a dispersion medium.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide has the general formula Li x Ni y M1 1-y O 2 (0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.4, 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, M1 consists of Mn, Co, Al, and Fe one or more elements selected from the group).
- the mole fraction of each element constituting the lithium-containing composite oxide can be measured by, for example, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- x which indicates the ratio of Li in the lithium-containing composite oxide, preferably satisfies 0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.4, and more preferably satisfies 1.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.4.
- x ⁇ 0.9 the battery capacity may be lower than when x satisfies the above range.
- x>1.4 the charge/discharge cycle characteristics may be deteriorated compared to when x satisfies the above range.
- y which indicates the ratio of Ni to the total number of moles of metal elements other than Li in the lithium-containing composite oxide, preferably satisfies 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, and satisfies 0.7 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.95. is more preferred.
- M1 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Al, and Fe
- M1 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Al, and Fe
- its ratio is 1-y shown satisfies 0 ⁇ 1-y ⁇ 0.6.
- a compound containing trivalent Ti adheres to the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide that is the core. Thereby, an increase in the internal resistance of the secondary battery 10 can be suppressed.
- the valence of Ti in the compound is generally tetravalent, but by attaching a compound containing trivalent Ti to the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide, side reactions with the electrolyte can be specifically suppressed. presumed to be for this reason.
- the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide that is the core is the surface of the secondary particles of the lithium-containing composite oxide.
- the compound may adhere to the inside of the secondary particles of the lithium-containing composite oxide, that is, to the surfaces of the primary particles. Since the compound also adheres to the surface of the primary particles, it is possible to further suppress the increase in the internal resistance of the secondary battery 10 .
- the compound may be present in dots so as to cover at least part of the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide, or may be present so as to cover the entire surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide.
- the particle size of the compound is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the compound is measured as the diameter of the circumscribed circle in the particle image observed by SEM. Specifically, after specifying the outer shape of 20 randomly selected particles, the major diameter (longest diameter) of each of the 20 particles is obtained, and the average value thereof is taken as the particle diameter of the compound.
- Compounds containing trivalent Ti have, for example, the general formula M2 ⁇ Ti1 - aM3aObF ⁇ ( 0 ⁇ 2 , 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 6, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 2 , M2 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of NH 4 , Li, Na, Ca, Mg, and K; M3 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Zr, Si, B, and P; element). (NH 4 ) 2 TiF 5 is preferable as the compound containing trivalent Ti.
- the amount of the compound attached to the lithium-containing composite oxide is preferably 0.05 mol % to 5 mol %, more preferably 0.1 mol % to 3 mol %.
- the presence of the compound on the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the adhesion amount of the compound to the lithium-containing composite oxide can also be measured by XRD.
- the positive electrode active material contained in the secondary battery 10 may contain the composite oxide (Y) as a main component, and may be substantially composed only of the composite oxide (Y).
- the positive electrode active material may contain a composite oxide other than the composite oxide (Y) or other compounds within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present disclosure.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide that is the core can be synthesized, for example, by adding a Li source to the Li-free composite compound (X), mixing the mixture, and firing the mixture at 200°C to 1050°C.
- the composite compound (X) include composite oxides containing Ni, Mn, etc., hydroxides, carbonate compounds, and the like.
- LiOH etc. can be illustrated as a Li source.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide is washed with water by a known method and conditions, and the amount of LiOH remaining on the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide after washing varies depending on the washing conditions. After being washed with water, the lithium-containing composite oxide is dried to become powder.
- the median diameter (D50) of the lithium-containing composite oxide can be adjusted by the firing conditions and the like.
- the above lithium-containing composite oxide and a fluoride represented by the general formula M2 2 TiF 6 (M2 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of NH 4 , Li, Na, Ca, Mg, and K) are mixed in water to prepare an aqueous solution, and the pH of the aqueous solution is adjusted to 5.5 to 9.5.
- the LiOH on the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide reacts with the fluoride to produce a compound containing trivalent Ti, thereby obtaining the composite oxide (Y).
- the pH of the aqueous solution can be adjusted by adjusting the concentration of fluoride in the aqueous solution.
- a pH adjuster may be used to adjust the pH. LiOH, ammonia, etc. are mentioned as a pH adjuster.
- the particle size of fluoride is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of fluoride is measured as the diameter of the circumscribed circle in the particle image observed by SEM. Specifically, after specifying the outer shape of 20 randomly selected particles, the major diameter (longest diameter) of each of the 20 particles is determined, and the average value thereof is taken as the particle diameter of the fluoride.
- the amount of fluoride added to the lithium-containing composite oxide is preferably 0.05 mol% to 5 mol%, more preferably 0.1 mol% to 3 mol%. Within this range, an appropriate amount of the compound containing trivalent Ti can be attached to the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide, so that side reactions on the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide can be suppressed.
- Mixing of the lithium-containing composite oxide and the fluoride can be performed, for example, by stirring the aqueous solution with a stirrer or the like. Stirring conditions can be, for example, room temperature, 1 minute to 30 minutes, 10 rpm to 500 rpm.
- the negative electrode 12 has, for example, a negative electrode core such as a metal foil, and a negative electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the negative electrode core.
- a negative electrode core such as a metal foil
- a negative electrode mixture layer provided on the surface of the negative electrode core.
- the negative electrode mixture layer includes, for example, a negative electrode active material and a binder.
- the negative electrode is produced, for example, by coating a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, etc. on a negative electrode core, drying it to form a negative electrode mixture layer, and then rolling this negative electrode mixture layer. can.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains, as a negative electrode active material, a carbon-based active material that reversibly absorbs and releases lithium ions, for example.
- a carbon-based active material are graphite such as natural graphite such as flake graphite, massive graphite and earthy graphite, artificial graphite such as massive artificial graphite (MAG) and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB).
- a Si-based active material composed of at least one of Si and a Si-containing compound may be used as the negative electrode active material, or a carbon-based active material and a Si-based active material may be used in combination.
- the binder contained in the negative electrode mixture layer fluororesin, PAN, polyimide, acrylic resin, polyolefin, etc. can be used as in the case of the positive electrode, but styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) can also be used.
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- the negative electrode mixture layer preferably further contains CMC or a salt thereof, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or a salt thereof, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or the like. Among them, it is preferable to use SBR together with CMC or its salt or PAA or its salt.
- a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulation is used for the separator.
- porous sheets include microporous thin films, woven fabrics, and non-woven fabrics.
- Polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, cellulose, and the like are suitable for the material of the separator.
- the separator may have either a single layer structure or a laminated structure.
- a heat-resistant layer or the like may be formed on the surface of the separator.
- the positive electrode active material, acetylene black, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) are mixed at a solid content mass ratio of 96.3: 2.5: 1.2, and an appropriate amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is added. After adding, this was kneaded to prepare a positive electrode mixture slurry.
- the positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to both sides of a positive electrode core made of aluminum foil, the coating film is dried, and then the coating film is rolled using a roller and cut into a predetermined electrode size to form a positive electrode core. A positive electrode having positive electrode mixture layers formed on both sides was obtained.
- Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:6 to obtain a non-aqueous solvent.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was obtained by dissolving LiPF 6 in this non-aqueous solvent at a concentration of 1.0 mol/L.
- a lead wire was attached to each of the positive electrode and the counter electrode made of Li metal, and the positive electrode and the counter electrode were arranged to face each other with a separator made of polyolefin interposed therebetween to prepare an electrode assembly.
- This electrode body and the non-aqueous electrolyte were enclosed in an outer package made of an aluminum laminate film to prepare a test cell.
- DCIR direct current internal resistance
- Example 2 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of (NH 4 ) 2 TiF 6 added was changed to 2 mol % in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
- the pH of the aqueous solution obtained by mixing the lithium-containing composite oxide and (NH 4 ) 2 TiF 6 was 6.
- Example 1 A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that (NH 4 ) 2 TiF 6 was not added in the synthesis of the positive electrode active material.
- the pH of the aqueous solution containing the lithium-containing composite oxide was 11.
- Table 1 summarizes the DCIR evaluation results of the test cells of Examples and Comparative Examples. Table 1 also shows the median diameter (D50) of the lithium-containing composite oxide, the composition and amount of additive, the mixing method, the pH of the aqueous solution, and the (NH 4 ) 2 TiF 5 on the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide. The presence or absence of is also shown.
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Abstract
Description
正極11は、例えば、金属箔等の正極芯体と、正極芯体上に形成された正極合材層とを有する。正極芯体には、アルミニウムなどの正極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合材層は、例えば、正極活物質、結着材、導電材等を含む。正極は、例えば、正極活物質、結着材、導電材等を含む正極合材スラリーを正極芯体上に塗布、乾燥して正極合材層を形成した後、この正極合材層を圧延することにより作製できる。
負極12は、例えば、金属箔等の負極芯体と、負極芯体の表面に設けられた負極合材層とを有する。負極芯体には、銅などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合材層は、例えば、負極活物質及び結着材を含む。負極は、例えば、負極活物質、結着材等を含む負極合材スラリーを負極芯体上に塗布、乾燥して負極合材層を形成した後、この負極合材層を圧延することにより作製できる。
セパレータには、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータは、単層構造、積層構造のいずれであってもよい。セパレータの表面には、耐熱層などが形成されていてもよい。
[正極活物質の合成]
メジアン径(D50)が17μmで、組成がLiNi0.8Mn0.2O2のリチウム含有複合酸化物と、リチウム含有複合酸化物に対して0.5モル%の割合の(NH4)2TiF6を準備した。リチウム含有複合酸化物と(NH4)2TiF6とを水中で混合し、pH7の水溶液を調製した。当該水溶液を5分間、300rpmで攪拌して混合した後にろ過することで、リチウム含有複合酸化物の表面に(NH4)2TiF5が付着した正極活物質を得た。なお、リチウム含有複合酸化物の表面に(NH4)2TiF5が付着しており、その量は添加量と同じ0.05モル%であることを、XRDにより確認した。
上記正極活物質と、アセチレンブラックと、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を、96.3:2.5:1.2の固形分質量比で混合し、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えた後、これを混練して正極合材スラリーを調製した。当該正極合材スラリーをアルミニウム箔からなる正極芯体の両面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、ローラーを用いて塗膜を圧延し、所定の電極サイズに切断して、正極芯体の両面に正極合材層が形成された正極を得た。
フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)とエチレンカーボネート(EC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、1:1:6の体積比で混合して、非水溶媒を得た。この非水溶媒に、LiPF6を、1.0mol/Lの濃度で、溶解させることによって、非水電解質を得た。
上記正極及びLi金属製の対極にリード線をそれぞれ取り付け、ポリオレフィン製のセパレータを介して正極と対極を対向配置することにより、電極体を作製した。この電極体及び上記非水電解質を、アルミニウムラミネートフィルムで構成された外装体内に封入して、試験セルを作製した。
上記試験セルに対して、25℃の環境下で、0.3Cの定電流で充電深度(SOC)が50%になるまで定電流充電を行い、SOC50%到達後、電流値が0.02Cになるまで定電圧充電を行った。その後、50Cの定電流で10秒間の定電流放電を行った。直流抵抗(DCIR)は、以下の式のように、開回路電圧(OCV)と、放電から10秒後の閉回路電圧(CCV)との差を、放電から10秒後の放電電流で除すことで算出した。
DCIR=[OCV-CCV(放電10秒後)]/放電電流(放電10秒後)
正極活物質の合成において、(NH4)2TiF6の添加量を2モル%に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製して評価を行った。リチウム含有複合酸化物と(NH4)2TiF6とを混合した水溶液のpHは6であった。
正極活物質の合成において、(NH4)2TiF6を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製して評価を行った。リチウム含有複合酸化物を含んだ水溶液のpHは11であった。
正極活物質の合成において、リチウム含有複合酸化物に対して、0.12モル%の割合で(NH4)2TiF6を添加し、この混合物を乳鉢に入れて乳棒で圧縮混合することで、リチウム含有複合酸化物の表面に(NH4)2TiF6が付着した正極活物質を得たこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製して評価を行った。なお、リチウム含有複合酸化物の表面にはLi2TiF6と(NH4)2TiF6の混合物が付着しており、その量は添加量と同じ0.12モル%であることを、XRDにより確認した。このように、比較例2で使用した正極活物質は、3価のTiを含有せずに4価のTiを含有する化合物が、リチウム含有複合酸化物の表面に付着したものであった。
Claims (6)
- Liを可逆的に吸蔵放出可能なコアと前記コアの表面に付着した化合物を含み、
前記化合物は、3価のTiを含有する、非水電解質二次電池用活物質。 - 前記化合物は、一般式M2αTi1-aM3aObFβ(0≦α≦2、0<β<6、0≦a<1、0≦b≦2、M2は、NH4、Li、Na、Ca、Mg、及び、Kからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素、M3はZr、Si、B、及び、Pからなる群より選ばれる1種類以上の元素)で表される、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用活物質。
- 前記化合物は、(NH4)2TiF5である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用活物質。
- 前記コアは、層状構造を有し、一般式LixNiyM11-yO2(0.9≦x≦1.4、0.4≦y≦1、M1はMn、Co、Al、及びFeからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素)で表されるリチウム含有複合酸化物である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用活物質。
- 一般式M22TiF6(M2は、NH4、Li、Na、Ca、Mg、及び、Kからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素)で表されるフッ化物と、Liを可逆的に吸蔵放出可能なコアとを混合した水溶液のpHを5.5~9.5にする工程を含む、非水電解質二次電池用活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用活物質を含む電極と、前記電極の対極と、電解質と、を備える非水電解質二次電池。
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EP4287312A1 (en) | 2023-12-06 |
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