JP2017120780A - 二次電池用非水電解液及びそれを備えた二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用非水電解液及びそれを備えた二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017120780A JP2017120780A JP2016249347A JP2016249347A JP2017120780A JP 2017120780 A JP2017120780 A JP 2017120780A JP 2016249347 A JP2016249347 A JP 2016249347A JP 2016249347 A JP2016249347 A JP 2016249347A JP 2017120780 A JP2017120780 A JP 2017120780A
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- carbon atoms
- lithium
- ion
- halogen atom
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 150000004010 onium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 521
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 55
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- KEVOMVJDIFTUQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(=O)(O)(O)F.C(C)[Li] Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)F.C(C)[Li] KEVOMVJDIFTUQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002339 acetoacetyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C(=O)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 47
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 32
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 80
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 70
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 62
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 46
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 46
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CC SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 229940074371 monofluorophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 42
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 41
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 38
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 16
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000000453 2,2,2-trichloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl 0.000 description 8
- 125000004206 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 239000012025 fluorinating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000004800 4-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Br 0.000 description 7
- 125000001255 4-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1F 0.000 description 7
- 125000006306 4-iodophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1I 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- LQAHALSABHTIJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(fluoro)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCOP(O)(F)=O LQAHALSABHTIJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 7
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 125000004972 1-butynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 6
- 125000004778 2,2-difluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])(F)F 0.000 description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000005999 2-bromoethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000006276 2-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Br)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000004974 2-butenyl group Chemical group C(C=CC)* 0.000 description 6
- 125000000069 2-butynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000001340 2-chloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000004182 2-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Cl)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000004777 2-fluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000004198 2-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(F)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000006275 3-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Br)=C([H])C(*)=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000000474 3-butynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000004179 3-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(Cl)=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000004180 3-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(F)=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000006305 3-iodophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(I)=C([H])C(*)=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000004207 3-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MYSSMJPRDZXHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(=O)(O)(O)F.C(C)(C)[Li] Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)F.C(C)(C)[Li] MYSSMJPRDZXHGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ATFHHESZWYTECP-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(=O)(O)(O)F.C(CCC)[Li] Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)F.C(CCC)[Li] ATFHHESZWYTECP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GRGXYAXOGHGFHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(=O)(O)(O)F.C[Li] Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)F.C[Li] GRGXYAXOGHGFHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- SXWUDUINABFBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;fluoro-dioxido-oxo-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])(F)=O SXWUDUINABFBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- GHXZPUGJZVBLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoethene Chemical group IC=C GHXZPUGJZVBLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 6
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 6
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 6
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000004975 3-butenyl group Chemical group C(CC=C)* 0.000 description 5
- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 5
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 5
- DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(F)=O DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 5
- UKDOTCFNLHHKOF-FGRDZWBJSA-N (z)-1-chloroprop-1-ene;(z)-1,2-dichloroethene Chemical group C\C=C/Cl.Cl\C=C/Cl UKDOTCFNLHHKOF-FGRDZWBJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZGQURDGVBSSDNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetraiodoethene Chemical group IC(I)=C(I)I ZGQURDGVBSSDNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PGHPMTSIGHDLEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-triiodoethene Chemical group IC=C(I)I PGHPMTSIGHDLEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LGXVIGDEPROXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloroethene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C LGXVIGDEPROXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VFRMAHVDXYSEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diiodoethene Chemical group IC(I)=C VFRMAHVDXYSEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical group CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000006304 2-iodophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(I)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PFYHAAAQPNMZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl 2-methoxybenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OC PFYHAAAQPNMZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical group ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004956 cyclohexylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- QUKMZPNIOHBKDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilanyl(silylidenesilyl)silane Chemical group [SiH3][SiH2][SiH2][SiH]=[SiH2] QUKMZPNIOHBKDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical group FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 4
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
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- ILUAAIDVFMVTAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CC=CCC1C(O)=O ILUAAIDVFMVTAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOHUAELJNSBTGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarbonyl cyclohexanecarboxylate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(=O)OC(=O)C1CCCCC1 JOHUAELJNSBTGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTWWKYKIBSHDPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoyl decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC HTWWKYKIBSHDPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000950 dibromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003963 dichloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- CMNRWRLQEWYYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloroborinic acid Chemical compound OB(Cl)Cl CMNRWRLQEWYYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGTLXDJOAJDFLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl chlorophosphate Chemical compound CCOP(Cl)(=O)OCC LGTLXDJOAJDFLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAEWCWCMYQAIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl methyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OC)OCC UAEWCWCMYQAIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJHQDSMOYNLVLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(dimethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(C)CC ZJHQDSMOYNLVLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004212 difluorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BIHSSDSIAZRRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium 2,2-difluoropropanedioate Chemical compound FC(C(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])F.[Li+].[Li+] BIHSSDSIAZRRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GXXDTVOALKSIJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phenyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 GXXDTVOALKSIJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJVLPVWXJLKHID-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoyl docosanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IJVLPVWXJLKHID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWADXBLMWHFGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic anhydride Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC NWADXBLMWHFGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ADPMHRDERZTFIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N epinastine hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.C1C2=CC=CC=C2C2CN=C(N)N2C2=CC=CC=C21 ADPMHRDERZTFIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005448 ethoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JQVXMIPNQMYRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl dimethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OC)OC JQVXMIPNQMYRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004705 ethylthio group Chemical group C(C)S* 0.000 description 1
- YOMFVLRTMZWACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyltrimethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(C)C YOMFVLRTMZWACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940091249 fluoride supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LRTMZOCQOACQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-L fluoro-dioxido-oxo-$l^{5}-phosphane;tetraethylazanium Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(F)=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRTMZOCQOACQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FLHLLEBGCLTBCI-UHFFFAOYSA-L fluoro-dioxido-oxo-lambda5-phosphane triethyl(propyl)azanium Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.C(C)C[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)C[N+](CC)(CC)CC FLHLLEBGCLTBCI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RIKMMFOAQPJVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N fomepizole Chemical compound CC=1C=NNC=1 RIKMMFOAQPJVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKHJYUSOUQDYEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium(3+) Chemical compound [Ga+3] CKHJYUSOUQDYEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium monoxide Inorganic materials [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PKHMTIRCAFTBDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCC PKHMTIRCAFTBDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTPRURKTXNFVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C XTPRURKTXNFVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003707 hexyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IKGLACJFEHSFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;triethylazanium;trifluoride Chemical compound F.F.F.CCN(CC)CC IKGLACJFEHSFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUONNNVJUCSETH-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoyl icosanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC AUONNNVJUCSETH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001449 indium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSACYLWPPQLVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid anhydride Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)C LSACYLWPPQLVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2] RVPVRDXYQKGNMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PKKXJSPBGFGHKP-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound FC(COP(=O)(OCC(F)(F)F)[O-])(F)F.[Li+] PKKXJSPBGFGHKP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LLVMLWLRJOYYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium dichlorophosphinate Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])(Cl)Cl.[Li+] LLVMLWLRJOYYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUDGIHGQYDVUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium diiodo phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(=O)(OI)OI UUDGIHGQYDVUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PVOWTAQQZWKGQI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;diethyl phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].CCOP([O-])(=O)OCC PVOWTAQQZWKGQI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QBZXOWQOWPHHRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;ethane Chemical compound [Li+].[CH2-]C QBZXOWQOWPHHRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHFXKKFVUDJSPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-hydroxypentanoate Chemical compound CCC(O)CC(=O)OC XHFXKKFVUDJSPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYIYWUBFHJEWPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutyl-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)C(=O)CC(C)=O QYIYWUBFHJEWPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTMXFHGYWJIAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)CC(C)=O NTMXFHGYWJIAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQIRAGRGIYWEDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylethanamine;pentahydrofluoride Chemical compound F.F.F.F.F.CCN(CC)CC UQIRAGRGIYWEDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAUAJOABXCGLCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-4-yl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O PAUAJOABXCGLCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMIXFUGPMPWHAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-3-oxopentanamide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)CC(=O)CC UMIXFUGPMPWHAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXOVUJYUNZUQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-3-oxoheptanamide Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)CC(=O)NC YXOVUJYUNZUQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PBBAFLCORNAZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoyl nonanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC PBBAFLCORNAZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RAFYDKXYXRZODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCC RAFYDKXYXRZODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- DUCKXCGALKOSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanoyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCC DUCKXCGALKOSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic anhydride Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDBDSJROUGPOJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dibromophosphinate Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])(Br)Br.[K+] LDBDSJROUGPOJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DNOBVYRVQXGVPT-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dichlorophosphinate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P(Cl)(Cl)=O DNOBVYRVQXGVPT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AYSSPLPDFIDDTK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium diiodophosphinate Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])(I)I.[K+] AYSSPLPDFIDDTK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKVRKSDUCURJNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O WKVRKSDUCURJNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAQZWJGSJMLPMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylphosphonic anhydride Substances CCCP1(=O)OP(=O)(CCC)OP(=O)(CCC)O1 PAQZWJGSJMLPMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N protonated dimethyl amine Natural products CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- JAABVEXCGCXWRR-FBXFSONDSA-N rel-norcantharidin Chemical compound C1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]3[C@@H]1O2 JAABVEXCGCXWRR-FBXFSONDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001419 rubidium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRXXAMCVFHQWPT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dibromophosphinate Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])(Br)Br.[Na+] KRXXAMCVFHQWPT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JGVJSLQAIWABCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dichlorophosphinate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]P(Cl)(Cl)=O JGVJSLQAIWABCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001495 sodium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTJHYIRSENEXDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;fluoro-dioxido-oxo-$l^{5}-phosphane;hydron Chemical compound [Na+].OP([O-])(F)=O NTJHYIRSENEXDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Sr+2] FVRNDBHWWSPNOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001637 strontium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001427 strontium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAMMKFSEEQGBIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetra(propan-2-yl)azanium Chemical compound CC(C)[N+](C(C)C)(C(C)C)C(C)C XAMMKFSEEQGBIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorophthalic anhydride Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1Cl AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCRYHUPTBJZEQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC RCRYHUPTBJZEQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZWHXXNVLACKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylphosphanium Chemical compound CC[P+](CC)(CC)CC SZWHXXNVLACKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFPINLPPFWTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylphosphonium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 USFPINLPPFWTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQTUSPVIMZCNPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,4-c]furan-1,3-dione Chemical compound S1C=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 XQTUSPVIMZCNPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001432 tin ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VJDDQSBNUHLBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid-anhydride Natural products CC=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=CC VJDDQSBNUHLBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFDSDPIBEUFTMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribromoethanol Chemical compound OCC(Br)(Br)Br YFDSDPIBEUFTMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl borate Chemical compound CCCCOB(OCCCC)OCCCC LGQXXHMEBUOXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl borate Chemical compound CCOB(OCC)OCC AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethylammonium ion Chemical compound CC[NH+](CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- WCZKTXKOKMXREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylsulfanium Chemical compound CC[S+](CC)CC WCZKTXKOKMXREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRKHIJIMXUBALO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triheptyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCCCOB(OCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCC IRKHIJIMXUBALO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDQYHGMMZKMQAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCCOB(OCCCCCC)OCCCCCC KDQYHGMMZKMQAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACZOGADOAZWANS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(pentyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCC[N+](C)(C)C ACZOGADOAZWANS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMTHNVMASXVELE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(propan-2-yl)azanium Chemical compound CC(C)[N+](C)(C)C BMTHNVMASXVELE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRZWQKGABZFFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsulfonium Chemical compound C[S+](C)C NRZWQKGABZFFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLPJTCGUKOBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripentyl borate Chemical compound CCCCCOB(OCCCCC)OCCCCC JLPJTCGUKOBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDCWDBMBZLORER-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl borate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OB(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 MDCWDBMBZLORER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLOQLWBIJZDHET-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylsulfonium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WLOQLWBIJZDHET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012953 triphenylsulfonium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NHDIQVFFNDKAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yl borate Chemical compound CC(C)OB(OC(C)C)OC(C)C NHDIQVFFNDKAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIEXQJFSUBBIRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) borate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COB(OCC(F)(F)F)OCC(F)(F)F DIEXQJFSUBBIRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001456 vanadium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YEIGUXGHHKAURB-UHFFFAOYSA-N viridine Natural products O=C1C2=C3CCC(=O)C3=CC=C2C2(C)C(O)C(OC)C(=O)C3=COC1=C23 YEIGUXGHHKAURB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
成分(B):下記化学式(2)で表されるホウ素錯体塩、又はホウ酸エステル、酸無水物、不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネート、ハロゲン原子を有する環状カーボネート、環状スルホン酸エステル、下記化学式(3)で表されるアセトアセチル基を有するアミン類及び下記化学式(4)〜(6)の何れかで表されるリン化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物
本実施の形態に係る二次電池用非水電解液(以下、「非水電解液」という。)は、電解質を溶解させた有機溶媒(非水溶媒)に、少なくとも1種の後述の成分(A)を添加剤として含むものである。
前記成分(A)は、非水電解液中に少なくとも1種含まれており、具体的には、下記化学式(1)で表される化合物である。
次に、成分(A)の製造方法について、成分(A)がモノフルオロリン酸エステル塩である場合(すなわち、前記化学式(1)中のXがフッ素原子である場合)を例にして、以下に説明する。
本実施の形態の非水電解液においては、少なくとも1種の後述の成分(B)を、さらに添加剤として含有してもよい。これにより、さらに一層高温環境下でのサイクル特性を改善することができる。
成分(b1):1種のホウ素錯体塩。
成分(b2):ホウ酸エステル、酸無水物、不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネート、ハロゲン原子を有する環状カーボネート、環状スルホン酸エステル、アセトアセチル基を有するアミン類及びリン化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物。
前記成分(b1)のホウ素錯体塩は、具体的には、下記化学式(2)で表されるものである。
前記成分(b2)におけるホウ酸エステルとしては、本実施の形態の非水電解液及びそれを用いた二次電池の特性を損なうものでなければ、その種類に特に制限はなく、種々のものを選択することができる。具体的には、例えば、ホウ酸トリメチル、ホウ酸トリエチル、ホウ酸トリイソプロピル、ホウ酸トリブチル、ホウ酸トリペンチル、ホウ酸トリヘキシル、ホウ酸トリへプチル、ホウ酸トリフェニル、2ホウ酸トリス(2,2,2−ヨードエチル)、ホウ酸トリス(2,2,2−トリブロモエチル)、ホウ酸トリス(2,2,2−トリクロロエチル)ホウ酸トリス(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)ホウ酸トリス(4−ヨードフェニル)、ホウ酸トリス(4−ブロモフェニル)、ホウ酸トリス(4−クロロフェニル)、ホウ酸トリス(4−フルオロフェニル)、ホウ酸ジエチルメチル、ホウ酸エチルジメチル等が挙げられる。
前記成分(b2)における酸無水物としては、本実施の形態の非水電解液及びそれを用いた二次電池の特性を損なうものでなければ、その種類に特に制限はなく、種々のものを選択することができる。具体的には、例えば、酢酸無水物、プロピオン酸無水物、酪酸無水物、吉草酸無水物、ヘキサン酸無水物、へプタン酸無水物、オクタン酸無水物、ノナン酸無水物、デカン酸無水物、エイコサン酸無水物、ドコサン酸無水物、安息香酸無水物、4−メトキシ安息香酸無水物、ジフェニル酢酸無水物、クロトン酸無水物、シクロヘキサンカルボン酸無水物、エライジン酸無水物、イソ酪酸無水物、イソ吉草酸無水物、ラウリン酸無水物、リノール酸無水物、ミリスチン酸無水物、アンゲリカ酸無水物、クロロジフルオロ酢酸無水物、トリクロロ酢酸無水物、ジフルオロ酢酸無水物、トリフルオロ酢酸無水物、4−トリフルオロメチル安息香酸無水物などの直鎖カルボン酸無水物、フタル酸無水物、3−アセトアミドフタル酸無水物、4,4’−カルボニルジフタル酸無水物、4,4’−ビフタル酸無水物、3−ヨードフタル酸無水物、3−ブロモフタル酸無水物、3−クロロフタル酸無水物、3−フルオロフタル酸無水物、4−ヨードフタル酸無水物、4−ブロモフタル酸無水物、4−クロロフタル酸無水物、4−クロロフタル酸無水物、4,5−ジヨードフタル酸無水物、4,5−ジブロモフタル酸無水物、4,5−ジクロロフタル酸無水物、4,5−ジフルオロフタル酸無水物、4,4’−スルホニルジフタル酸無水物、3−ニトロフタル酸無水物、4−ニトロフタル酸無水物、exo−3,6−エポキシヘキサヒドロフタル酸無水物、exo−3,6−エポキシ−1,2,3,6−テトラヒドロフタル酸無水物、テトラヨードフタル酸無水物、テトラクロロフタル酸無水物、テトラフルオロフタル酸無水物、4−tert−ブチルフタル酸無水物、4−エチニルフタル酸無水物、4,4’−(ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデン)ジフタル酸無水物、コハク酸無水物、(R)−(+)−2−アセトキシコハク酸無水物、(S)−(−)−2−アセトキシコハク酸無水物、2−ブテン−1−イルコハク酸無水物、ブチルコハク酸無水物、デシルコハク酸無水物、2,3−ジメチルコハク酸無水物、2−ドデセン−1−イルコハク酸無水物、ドデシルコハク酸無水物、オクタデセニコハク酸無水物、(2,7−オクタジエン−1−イル)コハク酸無水物、n−オクチルコハク酸無水物、ヘキサデシルコハク酸無水物、マレイン酸無水物、2,3−ビス(2,4,5−トリメチル−3−チエニル)マレイン酸無水物、2−(−2−カルボキシエチル)−3−メチル−マレイン酸無水物、2,3−ジメチルマレイン酸無水物、2,3−ジフェニルマレイン酸無水物、フェニルマレイン酸無水物、4−ペンテン−1,2−ジカルボン酸無水物、2,3−アントラセンジカルボン酸無水物、ビシクロ[2,2,2]オクト−5−エン−2,3−ジカルボン酸無水物、4−ブロモ−1,8−ナフタレンジカルボン酸無水物、(±)−trans−1,2−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸無水物、cis−4−シクロヘキセン−1,2−ジカルボン酸無水物、2,5−ジブロモ−3,4−チオフェンジカルボン酸無水物、5,6−ジヒドロ−1,4−ジチイン−2,3−ジカルボン酸無水物、2,2’−ビフェニルジカルボン酸無水物、4−メチルシクロヘキサン−1,2−ジカルボン酸無水物、3−メチル−4−シクロヘキセン−1,2−ジカルボン酸無水物、4−メチル−4−シクロヘキセン−1,2−ジカルボン酸無水物、2,3−ナフタレンジカルボン酸無水物、3,4−チオフェンジカルボン酸無水物、1,8−ナフタレンジカルボン酸無水物、5−ノルボネン−2,3−ジカルボン酸無水物、1,2−シクロプロパンジカルボン酸無水物、グルタル酸無水物、3,3−ペンタメチレングルタル酸無水物、2,2−ジメチルグルタル酸無水物、3,3−ジメチルグルタル酸無水物、3−メチルグルタル酸無水物、2−フタルイミドグルタル酸無水物、3,3−テトラメチレングルタル酸無水物、N−メチルイサト酸無水物、4−ヨードイサト酸無水物、4−ブロモイサト酸無水物、4−クロロイサト酸無水物、4−フルオロイサト酸無水物、5−ヨードイサト酸無水物、5−ブロモイサト酸無水物、5−クロロイサト酸無水物、5−フルオロイサト酸無水物、イタコン酸無水物、カロン酸無水物、シトラコン酸無水物、ジグリコール酸無水物、1,2−ナフタル酸無水物、ピロメリット酸無水物、ヘット酸無水物、2,2,3,3,4,4−ヘキサフルオロペンタン二酸無水物などの環状カルボンサン無水物、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸無水物、p−トルエンスルホン酸無水物などの直鎖スルホン酸無水物、2−スルホ安息香酸無水物、テトラヨード−O−スルホ安息香酸無水物、テトラブロモ−O−スルホ安息香酸無水物、テトラクロロ−O−スルホ安息香酸無水物、テトラフルオロ−O−スルホ安息香酸無水物などの環状スルホン酸無水物、ジフェニルホスフィン酸などの鎖状ホスフィン酸無水物、1−プロパンホスホン酸無水物などの環状ホスホン酸無水物、3.4−ジヨードフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4−ジブロモフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4−ジクロロフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4−ジフルオロフェニルボロン酸無水物、4−ヨードフェニルボロン酸無水物、4−ブロモフェニルボロン酸無水物、4−クロロフェニルボロン酸無水物、4−フルオロフェニルボロン酸無水物、(m−ターフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4,5−トリヨードフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4,5−トリブロモフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4,5−トリクロロフェニルボロン酸無水物、3,4,5−トリフルオロフェニルボロン酸無水物等が挙げられる。これらの酸無水物のうち、本実施の形態においては、環状構造を有しているものが好ましく、更に分子内に不飽和結合を有しているものが好ましい。尚、酸無水物は、入手しやすさの観点と、環状構造及び分子内に不飽和結合を有しているとの観点からは、無水マレイン酸が特に好ましい。
前記成分(b2)における不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネートとしては、本実施の形態の非水電解液及びそれを用いた二次電池の特性を損なうものでなければ、その種類に特に制限はなく、種々のものを選択することができる。前記不飽和結合の数は1〜10が好ましく、1〜5がより好ましく、1〜3が特に好ましい。不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネートとしては、具体的には、例えば、ビニレンカーボネート、ヨードビニレンカーボネート、ブロモビニレンカーボネート、クロロビニレンカーボネート、フルオロビニレンカーボネート、1,2−ジヨードビニレンカーボネート、1,2−ジブロモビニレンカーボネート、1,2−ジクロロビニレンカーボネート、1,2−ジフルオロビニレンカーボネート、メチルビニレンカーボネート、ヨードメチルビニレンカーボネート、ブロモメチルビニレンカーボネート、クロロメチルビニレンカーボネート、フルオロメチルビニレンカーボネート、ジクロロメチルビニレンカーボネート、ジブロモメチルビニレンカーボネート、ジクロロメチルビニレンカーボネート、ジフルオロメチルビニレンカーボネート、トリヨードメチルビニレンカーボネート、トリブロモメチルビニレンカーボネート、トリクロロメチルビニレンカーボネート、トリフルオロメチルビニレンカーボネート、エチルビニレンカーボネート、プロピルビニレンカーボネート、ブチルビニレンカーボネート、ジメチルビニレンカーボネート、ジエチルビニレンカーボネート、ジプロピルビニレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネート等が挙げられる。尚、前記不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネートとしては、入手しやすさの観点から、ビニレンカーボネートが好ましい。
前記成分(b2)におけるハロゲン原子を有する環状カーボネートとしては、本実施の形態の非水電解液及びそれを用いた二次電池の特性を損なうものでなければ、その種類に特に制限はなく、種々のものを選択することができる。ここで、ハロゲン原子とは、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子又はヨウ素原子を意味する。ハロゲン原子を有する環状カーボネートとしては、具体的には、例えば、ヨードエチレンカーボネート、ブロモエチレンカーボネート、クロロエチレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、1,2−ジヨードエチレンカーボネート、1,2−ジブロモエチレンカーボネート、1,2−ジクロロエチレンカーボネート、1,2−ジフルオロエチレンカーボネート等が挙げられる。尚、前記不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネートとしては、入手しやすさの観点から、クロロエチレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネートが好ましい。
前記成分(b2)における環状スルホン酸エステルとしては、本実施の形態の非水電解液及びそれを用いた二次電池の特性を損なうものでなければ、その種類に特に制限はなく、種々のものを選択することができる。環状スルホン酸エステルとしては、具体的には、例えば、1,3−プロパンスルトン、2,4−ブタンスルトン、1,4−ブタンスルトン、エチレンサルファイト等が挙げられる。尚、前記環状スルホン酸エステルとしては、入手しやすさの観点から、1,3−プロパンスルトン、エチレンサルファイトが好ましい。
前記成分(b2)におけるアセトアセチル基を有するアミン類は、具体的には、下記化学式(3)で表されるものである。
前記成分(b2)におけるリン化合物としては、下記化学式(4)で表されるものが挙げられる。
次に、下記化学式(5)で表されるリン化合物について説明する。但し、前記化学式(4)で表されるリン化合物において説明したものと同一のものについては、その説明を省略する。
次に、下記化学式(6)で表されるリン化合物について説明する。但し、前記化学式(4)で表されるリン化合物において説明したものと同一のものについては、その説明を省略する。
前記電解質としては、従来公知のものを採用することができる。例えば、リチウムイオン電池用の場合はリチウム塩が用いられ、ナトリウムイオン電池用の場合はナトリウム塩が用いられる。従って、二次電池の種類に応じて電解質の種類は適宜選択すればよい。
前記非水電解液に用いられる前記有機溶媒(非水溶媒)としては特に限定されず、例えば、環状炭酸エステル、鎖状炭酸エステル、リン酸エステル、環状エーテル、鎖状エーテル、ラクトン化合物、鎖状エステル、ニトリル化合物、アミド化合物、スルホン化合物等が挙げられる。これらの有機溶媒のうち、リチウム二次電池用有機溶媒として一般的に使用される点からは、炭酸エステルが好ましい。
本実施の形態の非水電解液は、例えば、前記の有機溶媒(非水溶媒)に前記電解質の塩を加えた後に、少なくとも1種の前記成分(A)を添加する。さらに、成分(B)を添加してもよい。この際、前記有機溶媒や電解質の塩、成分(A)及び成分(B)としては、製造効率を低下させない範囲内で予め精製等して、不純物が極力少ないものを用いることが好ましい。尚、前記成分(A)、又は成分(B)の化合物を複数種用いる場合、それらの添加の順序は適宜必要に応じて設定することができる。
本実施の形態に係る非水電解液には、従来公知のその他の添加剤が添加されていてもよい。この場合、その他の添加剤の添加量は、適宜必要に応じて設定することができる。
次に、本発明の二次電池として、リチウムイオン二次電池を例にして以下に説明する。図1は、前記非水電解液を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池の概略を示す断面模式図である。
<モノフルオロリン酸ジエチルの合成>
撹拌子を入れた300mLのナスフラスコにフッ化カリウム33.7gとアセトニトリル150gを入れ、さらにクロロリン酸ジエチル〈東京化成工業(株)製〉50.3gを加えた。続いて、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、窒素気流下、100℃で7時間加熱還流を行った。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、吸引ろ過により過剰のフッ化カリウムおよび析出した塩化カリウムを除去した。エバポレーターにより得られたろ液中の溶媒を留去し、目的物である淡黄色透明液体のモノフルオロリン酸ジエチル42gを得た。
撹拌子を入れた100mLのナスフラスコに塩化リチウム1.1gと、前記のモノフルオロリン酸ジエチル20.0gを加えた。窒素気流下、120℃で1.5時間加熱還流を行った。反応溶液を室温まで放冷後、反応溶液中の析出物を吸引ろ過によりろ別し、白色固体を得た。窒素気流下、130℃で乾燥を行い、目的物であるモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウム3.0gを得た。
<モノフルオロリン酸ジメチルの合成>
撹拌子を入れた100mLのナスフラスコにフッ化カリウム3.9gとアセトニトリル20gを投入し、さらにクロロリン酸ジメチル6.5gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、80℃〜100℃で2時間加熱還流を行った。さらに、前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、溶液の減圧濾過を行うことにより、白色固体とろ液とに分離した。これにより、微黄色透明の液体であるモノフルオロリン酸ジメチルのアセトニトリル溶液を得た。
撹拌子を入れた50mLのナスフラスコに塩化リチウム無水1.0gを投入し、さらに前記フルオロリン酸ジメチルのアセトニトリル溶液を投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、110℃〜120℃で4時間加熱還流を行った。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、減圧下、40℃で当該溶液中の溶媒を留去することにより、白色固体2.1gを得た。
<フルオロリン酸ジイソプロピルの合成>
撹拌子を入れた100mLのナスフラスコにフッ化カリウム5.2gとアセトニトリル20gを投入し、さらにクロロリン酸ジイソプロピル12.0gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、窒素気流下、80℃〜100℃で2時間加熱還流を行った。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、減圧濾過により過剰のフッ化カリウム及び析出した塩化カリウムを除去した。エバポレーターにより得られたろ液中の溶媒を40℃で留去し、目的物である微黄色透明液体のフルオロリン酸ジイソプロピル10.0gを得た。
撹拌子を入れた100mLのナスフラスコに臭化リチウム無水1.2gとアセトニトリル20gを投入し、さらに前記フルオロリン酸ジイソプロピル5.0gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、110℃〜120℃で5時間加熱還流を行った。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、溶液中の析出物を減圧濾過により濾別した。その後、析出物を窒素気流下、130℃で乾燥し、白色固体1.6gを得た。
<フルオロリン酸ジブチルの合成>
撹拌子を入れた100mLのナスフラスコにフッ化カリウム4.4gとアセトニトリル20gを投入し、さらにクロロリン酸ジブチル11.5gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、80℃〜100℃で2時間加熱還流を行った。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、減圧濾過を行うことにより白色固体とろ液とを分離した。続いて、減圧下、40℃で濾液中の溶媒を留去することにより、微黄色透明の液体であるフルオロリン酸ジブチル6.8gを得た。
撹拌子を入れた100mLのナスフラスコに臭化リチウム無水1.0gとアセトニトリル20gを投入し、さらに前記フルオロリン酸ジブチル5.0gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、110℃〜120℃で3時間加熱還流を行った。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、溶液中の析出物を減圧濾過により濾別した。その後、析出物を窒素気流下、130℃で乾燥し、白色固体1.6gを得た。
<フルオロリン酸ビス(2−エトキシエチル)の合成>
撹拌子を入れた50mLのナスフラスコにフッ化カリウム1.5gとアセトニトリル16gを投入し、さらに前記クロロリン酸ビス(2−エトキシエチル)4.6gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、50℃〜60℃で2時間加熱した。さらに、溶液にシリカゲルを投入して撹拌を行い、減圧下、40℃で当該溶液中の溶媒を留去し、目的物を含む白色固体混合物を得た。
撹拌子を入れた50mLのナスフラスコに臭化リチウム無水0.2gとアセトニトリル10gを投入し、続いて前記フルオロリン酸ビス(2−エトキシエチル)1.0gを投入した。その後、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、50℃〜60℃で4.5時間加熱した。前記溶液を室温まで放冷後、溶液中の析出物を減圧濾過により濾別した。その後、析出物を窒素気流下、130℃で乾燥し、白色固体0.4gを得た。
<モノフルオロリン酸エチルの合成>
撹拌子を入れた50mLのナスフラスコに前記エチルフルオロリン酸リチウム13.7gとジエチルエーテル50gを投入した。続いて、ナスフラスコ中の溶液を撹拌しながら、硫酸4.0gを少しずつ投入した。その後、常温で1時間撹拌を行った。さらに、減圧濾過を行い、白色沈殿物とろ液を分離した。続いて、減圧下でろ液中の溶媒を留去することにより、無色透明の液体であるモノフルオロリン酸エチル9.6gを得た。
<非水電解液の作製>
露点が−70℃以下のアルゴン雰囲気ドライボックス内で、エチレンカーボネート(EC)及びジメチルカーボネート(DMC)からなる混合溶媒(体積比率でEC:DMC=1:1、キシダ化学株式会社製、リチウムバッテリーグレード)に対し、LiPF6の濃度が1.0モル/リットルとなる様に調製した。
本実施例においては、添加剤として、さらに、非水電解液の全質量に対し添加濃度が0.5質量%となるように、リチウムビスオキサレートボレートを前記混合溶媒に加えた。それ以外は、前記実施例1と同様にして、本実施例に係る非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、ビニレンカーボネートを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、フルオロエチレンカーボネートを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、ホウ酸トリメチルを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、ビス(2,2,2、−トリフルオロエチル)リン酸リチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、N,N−ジメチルアセトアセトアミドを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、マレイン酸無水物を添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートに代えて、1,3−プロパンスルトンを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、添加剤として、さらに、非水電解液の全質量に対し添加濃度が0.5質量%となるように、マレイン酸無水物を添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして、本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸メチルリチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸イソプロピルリチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸ブチルリチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸(2−エトキシエチル)リチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例3のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸メチルリチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例3と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例3のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸イソプロピルリチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例3と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例3のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸ブチルリチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例3と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例3のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸(2−エトキシエチル)リチウムを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例3と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例1のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムに代えて、モノフルオロリン酸エチルを添加濃度が0.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例1のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムの添加濃度を0.05質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例1のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムの添加濃度を2.5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例1と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートの添加濃度を0.05質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
本実施例においては、実施例2のリチウムビスオキサラトボレートの添加濃度を5質量%となる様に添加した。それ以外は、実施例2と同様にして本実施例の非水電解液を調製した。
露点が−70℃以下のアルゴン雰囲気ドライボックス内で、エチレンカーボネート(EC)及びジメチルカーボネート(DMC)からなる混合溶媒(体積比率でEC:DMC=1:1、キシダ化学株式会社製、リチウムバッテリーグレード)に対し、LiPF6の濃度が1.0モル/リットルとなる様に調製した。これにより、本比較例に係る非水電解液を調製した。
本比較例においては、実施例2のモノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムを添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして本比較例の非水電解液を調製した。
<コインセルの作製>
図1に示すようなコイン型のリチウム二次電池を作製し、各実施例及び比較例の非水電解液の電気化学特性を評価した。
即ち、正極に、直径9mmφに切り出したLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(パイオトレック(株)製)を用い、セパレータにポリエチレン製セパレータを用い、負極に、直径10mmφに切り出した天然黒鉛シート(パイオトレック株式会社製)を用いた。さらに、正極、セパレータ及び負極の順に積層して積層体とし、各実施例又は比較例で調製した非水電解液を含浸させた後、当該積層体を密閉して、コインセルをそれぞれ作製した。コインセルの組み立ては、全て露点−70℃以下のアルゴングローブボックス内で行った。
作製したコインセルは、25℃の恒温槽内で充電終止電圧4.2V、放電終止電圧3.0V、0.2C(定格容量を1時間で充電もしくは放電する電流値を1Cとする)の定電流定電圧法にて5サイクルの慣らし充放電をした。
慣らし充放電の終了したコインセルを、60℃の恒温槽内で充電終止電圧4.2V、放電終止電圧3.0V、0.2Cの定電流定電圧法にて50サイクル充放電した。50サイクル後の放電容量を比較評価した。下記表1及び表2に、比較例1を100としたときの、実施例1〜23及び比較例2の放電容量の比率を示す。
2 負極
3 セパレータ
4 正極缶
5 負極缶
6 ガスケット
7 スペーサー
Claims (6)
- さらに、少なくとも1種の下記成分(B)を含む請求項1に記載の二次電池用非水電解液。
成分(B):下記化学式(2)で表されるホウ素錯体塩、又はホウ酸エステル、酸無水物、不飽和結合を有する環状カーボネート、ハロゲン原子を有する環状カーボネート、環状スルホン酸エステル、下記化学式(3)で表されるアセトアセチル基を有するアミン類及び下記化学式(4)〜(6)の何れかで表されるリン化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物
- 前記成分(A)の添加量は、前記二次電池用非水電解液の全質量に対し、0.05質量%〜5質量%である請求項1記載の二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記成分(B)の添加量は、前記二次電池用非水電解液の全質量に対し、0.05質量%〜5質量%である請求項1に記載の二次電池用非水電解液。
- 前記成分(A)が、モノフルオロリン酸エチルリチウムである請求項1〜4に記載の二次電池用非水電解液。
- 請求項1〜5の何れか1項に記載の二次電池用非水電解液、正極および負極を少なくとも備えた二次電池。
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WO2019131547A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-07-04 | 昭和電工株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
JPWO2020203148A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | ||
JP2020194638A (ja) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-12-03 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 非水電解液及びそれを用いた蓄電デバイス |
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JP6600631B2 (ja) * | 2014-08-11 | 2019-10-30 | 関東電化工業株式会社 | モノフルオロリン酸エステル塩を含む非水電解液、及びそれを用いた非水電解液電池 |
JP7262060B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-23 | 2023-04-21 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
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EP3396768A4 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
PL3396768T3 (pl) | 2020-11-16 |
JP2019220474A (ja) | 2019-12-26 |
JP7242048B2 (ja) | 2023-03-20 |
CN108475822B (zh) | 2022-03-11 |
KR20180089525A (ko) | 2018-08-08 |
US20210202991A1 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
CN108475822A (zh) | 2018-08-31 |
EP3396768B1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
EP3396768A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
WO2017111096A1 (ja) | 2017-06-29 |
JP6607842B2 (ja) | 2019-11-20 |
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