JP2016219800A - 光電変換素子、撮像装置 - Google Patents
光電変換素子、撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016219800A JP2016219800A JP2016096943A JP2016096943A JP2016219800A JP 2016219800 A JP2016219800 A JP 2016219800A JP 2016096943 A JP2016096943 A JP 2016096943A JP 2016096943 A JP2016096943 A JP 2016096943A JP 2016219800 A JP2016219800 A JP 2016219800A
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Classifications
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- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14603—Special geometry or disposition of pixel-elements, address-lines or gate-electrodes
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- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
- H01L27/1203—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body the substrate comprising an insulating body on a semiconductor body, e.g. SOI
- H01L27/1207—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body the substrate comprising an insulating body on a semiconductor body, e.g. SOI combined with devices in contact with the semiconductor body, i.e. bulk/SOI hybrid circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
- H01L27/1214—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs
- H01L27/1222—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition, shape or crystalline structure of the active layer
- H01L27/1225—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition, shape or crystalline structure of the active layer with semiconductor materials not belonging to the group IV of the periodic table, e.g. InGaZnO
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14609—Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である光電変換素子100について、図面を参照して説明する。
第1の電極101は、例えば、負極性電極として用いられる電極である。第1の電極101は、例えば、金、窒化チタン、モリブデン、タングステンなどを用いることができる。また、例えば、アルミニウム、チタン、またはアルミニウムをチタンで挟む積層を用いることができる。第1の電極101は、スパッタ法やプラズマCVD法により形成することができる。
次に、光電変換層102について説明する。光電変換層102にはセレン系材料を用いることができる。セレン系材料を用いた光電変換素子100は、可視光に対する外部量子効率が高い特性を有する。当該光電変換素子では、アバランシェ現象により入射される光量に対する電子の増幅が大きい高感度のセンサーとすることができる。また、セレン系材料は光吸収係数が高いため、光電変換層102を薄くしやすい利点を有する。
次に、本発明の一態様における、正孔注入阻止層103について説明する。正孔注入阻止層103は、第2の電極104から光電変換層102への正孔の注入を抑制する機能を有する層である。
次に、第2の電極104について説明する。第2の電極104は、例えば、正極性電極として用いられる電極である。例えば、インジウム錫酸化物、シリコンを含むインジウム錫酸化物、亜鉛を含む酸化インジウム、酸化亜鉛、ガリウムを含む酸化亜鉛、アルミニウムを含む酸化亜鉛、酸化錫、フッ素を含む酸化錫、アンチモンを含む酸化錫、またはグラフェン等を用いることができるが、インジウム錫酸化物、シリコンを含むインジウム錫酸化物が特に好ましい。第2の電極104は単層に限らず、異なる膜の積層であっても良い。なお、インジウム錫酸化物は、InとSnとOとを有する。
電子注入阻止層105について説明する。電子注入阻止層105は、第1の電極101から光電変換層102への電子の注入を抑制する機能を有する層である。電子注入阻止層105には、酸化ニッケルまたは硫化アンチモンなどを設ける構成とすることもできる。
次に、図1(A)に示す光電変換素子100のバンド構造について、概念図を図2に示す。図2の概念図は、光電変換層102に結晶性のSeを、正孔注入阻止層103に酸化物であるIn−Ga−Zn酸化物膜(例えばIn:Ga:Zn=1:3:6(原子数比))を、第2の電極104にインジウム錫酸化物を用いたときのバンド構造を並べた図である。なお、In−Ga−Zn酸化物膜は組成や結晶構造等によりフェルミ準位がある程度変化する。したがって、目的の正孔注入阻止層103が必要とする物性を有するように、In−Ga−Zn酸化物膜の組成や結晶構造等を適宜選択して形成することもできる。
次に、本発明の一態様の撮像装置の具体的な構成例について、図面を参照して説明する。図3(A)は、本発明の一態様の撮像装置の断面図の一例であり、図1に示す光電変換素子100と、駆動用に用いられるトランジスタとの具体的な接続形態の一例を示している。当該撮像装置は、トランジスタ151及びトランジスタ152が設けられる層1100、および光電変換素子100が設けられる層1200を有する。
本発明の一態様に係る撮像装置において、光電変換素子が有する正孔注入阻止層には、In−Ga−Zn酸化物に代表される酸化物が用いられる。本実施の形態においては、該酸化物について説明する。なお、該酸化物は、半導体として光電変換素子に接続されるトランジスタにも用いることができるため、説明は、トランジスタに用いられる場合に有用な性質についての説明も含まれる。
以下では、酸化物の構造について説明する。
まずは、CAAC構造を有する酸化物について説明する。
次に、nc構造を有する酸化物について説明する。
a−like構造を有する酸化物は、nc構造を有する酸化物と非晶質酸化物との間の構造を有する酸化物である。
本発明の一態様に係る撮像装置および当該撮像装置を含む半導体装置は、表示機器、パーソナルコンピュータ、記録媒体を備えた画像再生装置(代表的にはDVD:Digital Versatile Disc等の記録媒体を再生し、その画像を表示しうるディスプレイを有する装置)に用いることができる。その他に、本発明の一態様に係る撮像装置および当該撮像装置を含む半導体装置を用いることができる電子機器として、携帯電話、携帯型を含むゲーム機、携帯データ端末、電子書籍端末、ビデオカメラ、デジタルスチルカメラ等のカメラ、ゴーグル型ディスプレイ(ヘッドマウントディスプレイ)、ナビゲーションシステム、音響再生装置(カーオーディオ、デジタルオーディオプレイヤー等)、複写機、ファクシミリ、プリンタ、プリンタ複合機、現金自動預け入れ払い機(ATM)、自動販売機などが挙げられる。これら電子機器の具体例を図20に示す。
101 第1の電極
102 光電変換層
103 正孔注入阻止層
104 第2の電極
105 電子注入阻止層
111 撮像動作
112 データ保持動作
113 読み出し動作
130 シリコン基板
131 トランジスタ
132 トランジスタ
135 活性層
151 トランジスタ
152 トランジスタ
167 隔壁
172 配線
173 配線
180 絶縁層
181 導電体
182 絶縁層
183 絶縁層
188 配線
901 筐体
902 筐体
903 表示部
904 表示部
905 マイク
906 スピーカー
907 操作キー
908 スタイラス
909 カメラ
911 筐体
912 表示部
919 カメラ
931 筐体
932 表示部
933 リストバンド
939 カメラ
951 筐体
952 レンズ
953 支持部
961 筐体
962 シャッターボタン
963 マイク
965 レンズ
967 発光部
971 筐体
972 筐体
973 表示部
974 操作キー
975 レンズ
976 接続部
1100 層
1200 層
1400 層
1500 回折格子
1600 層
2500 絶縁層
2510 遮光層
2520 有機樹脂層
2530 カラーフィルタ
2530a カラーフィルタ
2530b カラーフィルタ
2530c カラーフィルタ
2540 マイクロレンズアレイ
2550 光電変換層
2560 絶縁層
Claims (22)
- 第1の電極と、第2の電極と、第1の層と、第2の層と、を有し、
前記第1の層は、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に設けられ、
前記第2の層は、前記第1の層と前記第2の電極との間に設けられ、
前記第1の層は、セレンを有し、
前記第2の層は、Inと、Gaと、Znと、Oと、を有する、光電変換素子。 - 請求項1において、
前記第2の層は、In−Ga−Zn酸化物を有する、光電変換素子。 - 請求項2において、
前記In−Ga−Zn酸化物は、c軸配向した結晶を有する酸化物である、光電変換素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項において、
前記セレンは、結晶セレンである、光電変換素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項において、
前記第1の層は、光電変換層としての機能を有し、
前記第2の層は、正孔注入阻止層としての機能を有する、光電変換素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項において、
前記第1の層と、前記第1の電極と、の間に設けられた第3の層をさらに有し、
前記第3の層は、電子注入阻止層としての機能を有する、光電変換素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項において、
前記第3の層は、酸化ニッケルまたは硫化アンチモンを有する、光電変換素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか一項において、
前記第2の電極は、Inと、Snと、Oと、を有する、光電変換素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか一項において、
前記第2の電極は、インジウム錫酸化物を有する、光電変換素子。 - 第1の電極と、
前記第1の電極上の第1の層と、
前記第1の層上の第2の層と、
前記第2の層上の第2の電極と、を有し、
前記第1の層は、セレンを有し、
前記第2の層は、Inと、Gaと、Znと、Oと、を有する、光電変換素子。 - 第1の電極と、
前記第1の電極上の第1の層と、
前記第1の層上の第2の層と、
前記第2の層上の第2の電極と、を有し、
前記第1の層は、セレンを有し、
前記第1の層は、光電変換層としての機能を有し、
前記第2の層は、Inと、Gaと、Znと、Oと、を有し、
前記第2の層は、正孔注入阻止層としての機能を有する、光電変換素子。 - 請求項10または請求項11において、
前記第2の層は、In−Ga−Zn酸化物を有する、光電変換素子。 - 請求項12において、
前記In−Ga−Zn酸化物は、c軸配向した結晶を有する酸化物である、光電変換素子。 - 請求項10乃至請求項13のいずれか一項において、
前記セレンは、結晶セレンである、光電変換素子。 - 請求項10乃至請求項14のいずれか一項において、
前記第1の電極と、前記第2の層と、の間に第3の層をさらに有し、
前記第3の層は、酸化ニッケルまたは硫化アンチモンを有する、光電変換素子。 - 請求項10乃至請求項15のいずれか一項において、
前記第1の電極と、前記第2の層と、の間に第3の層をさらに有し、
前記第3の層は、電子注入阻止層としての機能を有する、光電変換素子。 - 請求項10乃至請求項16のいずれか一項において、
前記第2の電極は、Inと、Snと、Oと、を有する、光電変換素子。 - 請求項10乃至17のいずれか一項において、
前記第2の電極は、インジウム錫酸化物を有する、光電変換素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項18のいずれか一に記載の光電変換素子と、
前記光電変換素子に電気的に接続した、駆動用に用いられるトランジスタと、を有する撮像装置。 - 請求項19において、
さらに、マイクロレンズアレイまたは回折格子と、カラーフィルタと、を有し、
前記光電変換素子は、前記マイクロレンズアレイまたは前記回折格子と、前記カラーフィルタと、を通過した光を受光することができる機能を有する撮像装置。 - 請求項19または請求項20において、
前記駆動用に用いられるトランジスタは、酸化物半導体を有する、撮像装置。 - 請求項19乃至請求項21のいずれか一項において、
前記光電変換素子を8K解像度の映像の撮影に用いられる光電変換素子の数以上有し、
8K解像度の映像信号を作成することができる機能を有する撮像装置。
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JP7045131B2 (ja) | 2022-03-31 |
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JP2022084781A (ja) | 2022-06-07 |
US11728356B2 (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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