JP2014531328A - クロム含有機能層を有する工具 - Google Patents
クロム含有機能層を有する工具 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014531328A JP2014531328A JP2014528959A JP2014528959A JP2014531328A JP 2014531328 A JP2014531328 A JP 2014531328A JP 2014528959 A JP2014528959 A JP 2014528959A JP 2014528959 A JP2014528959 A JP 2014528959A JP 2014531328 A JP2014531328 A JP 2014531328A
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- chromium
- cutting tool
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- functional layer
- aluminum
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- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RHBRWKIPYGZNMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Cr+3] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Cr+3] RHBRWKIPYGZNMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical group O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000168 high power impulse magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LFLZOWIFJOBEPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate, nitrate Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O LFLZOWIFJOBEPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001485 argon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
Description
a)少なくともアルミニウム(Al)、及び所望に応じて含有してよいTi、Cr、Si、Y、Ru、及びMoから選択される1つ以上のさらなる金属を含有する窒化物又は炭窒化物による、順に重ねて配置された1つ以上の同一又は異なる層から成るベース層、
b)ベース層上に配置され、金属Al、Cr、Si、及び/若しくはZrの酸化物又は酸窒化物の1つ以上から成る中間層であって、その中間層は、立方晶構造を示す、中間層、
c)中間層上に配置され、酸化クロム(Cr2O3)、酸窒化クロム、酸化アルミニウム‐クロム(AlCr)2O3、酸窒化アルミニウム‐クロム、又はアルミニウム、クロム、及びさらなる金属の混合酸化物若しくは混合酸窒化物である(AlCrMe1,・・・.Men)2酸化物若しくは(AlCrMe1,・・・.Men)2酸窒化物から選択されるクロム含有機能層であって、ここで、Me,・・・.Menは、Hf、Y、Zr、及びRuから選択される1つ以上のさらなる金属を意味し、この機能層は、菱面体晶構造を示し、nは、混合酸化物又は混合酸窒化物中に存在するアルミニウム及びクロム以外のさらなる金属の数に対応する整数である、クロム含有機能層、
を含んでなる多層コーティングと、を有する切削工具によって達成される。
平均結晶粒径が約1μm及びCo含有量が約10重量%である硬質金属炭化物基材を、まず、以下のパラメータを適用したアーク蒸着(アークPVD)により、厚さ4.6μmのTiAlNベース層で被覆した:
ベース層
ターゲット(アークPVD): TiAl(33原子%/67原子%)金属
ターゲット径[mm]: 63
Uバイアス[−V]: 40(DC)
N2分圧[Pa]: 3.2
IアークPVD[A]: 65
中間層
ターゲット(DMS): 2×Al金属
ターゲットサイズ[mm×mm] 160×820
出力(DMS)[kW]: 20
Uバイアス[V]: 60(単極パルス、70Hz)
継続時間[分]: 6
Ar分圧[Pa]: 0.5
機能層
ターゲット(DMS): 2×Al金属
ターゲットサイズ[mm×mm]: 160×820
出力(DMS)[kW]: 20
ターゲット(アークPVD): 8×Cr金属
IアークPVD[A]: 65
Uバイアス[−V]: 60(単極パルス、70Hz)
継続時間[分]: 6
1に記載のようにしてここまでに作製した中間層有り及び無しの切削工具を、切削スピードVc=235m/分及びフィード速度fz=0.2mmにて、42 CrMo4から成るワークの切削に用いた。結果を図1に示すグラフで表し、ここでは、種々の切削距離[mm]に対する摩耗[mm]を示している。この結果から、中間層有りで作製された切削工具の摩耗は、中間層無しの切削工具の摩耗よりも非常に少ないことが分かる。800mmの切削距離の場合、中間層有りの本発明に従う切削工具では、まったく摩耗が見られなかった。1600mmの切削距離の場合、中間層無しの切削工具の摩耗は、本発明に従う中間層有りの本発明に従う切削工具の摩耗の2倍を超えていた。
本発明に従う中間層有り及び無しにて1に記載のようにして作製した切削工具のコーティングに、帽子形状の(calotte-shaped)凹み部を研削処理によって形成し、次に、ボールを用いて中央部の硬質金属炭化物基材まで延びる窪み部を作った。これによって、硬質金属炭化物基材、TiAlNベース層、及び酸化アルミニウム‐クロム層を光学顕微鏡下で見ることができるようになった。数ナノメートルの厚さである中間層は光学顕微鏡下では解像されないため、個別の層としては示されない。研削処理した切削工具の光学顕微鏡イメージを図2に示す。
中間層有り及び無しにて1に記載のようにして作製した切削工具の機能層の基材に面する側のXPSスペクトルから、本発明に従う中間層有りの切削工具の機能層が、本発明に従う中間層無しの切削工具よりも高い界面でのクロムの金属比率を示すことが分かる。既述のように、発明者らは、機能層の結合の改善は、立方晶中間層と菱面体晶機能層との間での金属結合の比率がより高い移行ゾーンの形成に起因するのではないかと考えている。
Claims (12)
- 硬質金属炭化物、サーメット、スチール、若しくはハイスピードスチール(HSS)の基材と、
PVDプロセスによって前記基材上に成膜され、前記基材から出発して以下の一連の層:
a)少なくともアルミニウム(Al)、及び所望に応じて含有してよいTi、Cr、Si、Y、Ru、及びMoから選択される1つ以上のさらなる金属を含有する窒化物又は炭窒化物による、順に重ねて配置された1つ以上の同一又は異なる層から成るベース層、
b)前記ベース層上に配置され、金属Al、Cr、Si、及び/若しくはZrの酸化物又は酸窒化物の1つ以上から成る中間層であって、立方晶構造を示す、中間層、
c)前記中間層上に配置され、酸化クロム(Cr2O3)、酸窒化クロム、酸化アルミニウム‐クロム(AlCr)2O3、酸窒化アルミニウム‐クロム、又はアルミニウム、クロム、及びさらなる金属の混合酸化物若しくは混合酸窒化物である(AlCrMe1,...Men)2酸化物若しくは(AlCrMe1,...Men)2酸窒化物から選択されるクロム含有機能層であって、ここで、Me,...Menは、Hf、Y、Zr、及びRuから選択される1つ以上のさらなる金属を意味し、菱面体晶構造を示す、クロム含有機能層、
を含んでなる多層コーティングと、を有する切削工具。 - 前記中間層が、立方晶酸化アルミニウム、好ましくは立方晶ガンマ酸化アルミニウム(γ‐Al2O3)から成ることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の切削工具。
- 前記クロム含有機能層が、完全に、又は少なくとも90体積%の程度までの、菱面体晶酸化アルミニウム‐クロム、(AlCr)2O3、から成ることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。
- 前記機能層の金属元素の中でのクロムの比率が、少なくとも70原子%Cr、又は少なくとも85原子%Cr、又は少なくとも95原子%Crであることを特徴とする、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。
- 前記中間層が、マグネトロンスパッタリング、反応性マグネトロンスパッタリング、デュアルマグネトロンスパッタリング、高出力インパルスマグネトロンスパッタリング(HIPIMS)、又はカソード霧化(スパッタリング成膜)及びアーク蒸着(アークPVD)の同時適用、によって成膜されることを特徴とする、請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。
- 前記機能層が、アーク蒸着(アークPVD)、マグネトロンスパッタリング、反応性マグネトロンスパッタリング、デュアルマグネトロンスパッタリング、高出力インパルスマグネトロンスパッタリング(HIPIMS)、又はカソード霧化(スパッタリング成膜)及びアーク蒸着(アークPVD)の同時適用、によって成膜されることを特徴とする、請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。
- 前記ベース層が、50nmから8μm、好ましくは500nmから5μm、特に好ましくは2μmから4μmのコーティング厚さを示すことを特徴とする、請求項1から6の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。
- 前記中間層が、1nmから2μm、好ましくは5nmから750nm、特に好ましくは10nmから50nmのコーティング厚さを示すことを特徴とする、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。
- 前記機能層が、100nmから10μm、好ましくは500nmから5μm、特に好ましくは750nmから2μmのコーティング厚さを示すことを特徴とする、請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。
- 前記機能層が、2GPa未満、好ましくは1GPa未満の面における圧力負荷を示すことを特徴とする、請求項1から9の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。
- 前記ベース層が、窒化チタン‐アルミニウム(TiAlN)又は窒化チタン‐アルミニウム‐ケイ素(TiAlSiN)から成ることを特徴とする、請求項1から10の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。
- 前記中間層が、0.1から5原子%、好ましくは0.5から4原子%、特に好ましくは1.0から3原子%のアルゴンを含有することを特徴とする、請求項1から11の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。
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