CN109267008B - 一种Y-AlYN-AlYNC多元涂层刀具及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于刀具涂层材料技术领域，涉及一种Y‑AlYN‑AlYNC多元涂层刀具及其制备方法。该刀具基体材料为高速钢材料，涂层由内至外依次为Y过渡层、AlYN硬涂层、AlYNC硬涂层。该涂层刀具的Y过渡层是通过皮秒激光熔覆工艺制备，AlYN层、AlYNC层采用磁控溅射与多弧离子镀结合的方法制备。该涂层刀具的过渡层材料致密，且与高速钢基体之间的烧结结合强度非常好，表面涂层具备高硬度高和高耐磨性。该刀具可广泛应用于低硬度金属材料的切削加工，涂层切削寿命高，高效切削的工艺性能稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种Y-AlYN-AlYNC多元涂层刀具及其制备方法，属于刀具涂层材料技术领域。
背景技术
机械制造业为整个国民经济提供技术装备，是国民经济和社会发展以及国防建设的物质基础，其发展水平是国家综合实力的重要标志。切削加工技术是机械制造业中应用最广泛的基础技术，而切削刀具技术的进步则是切削加工技术快速发展的关键。近年来，为满足干切削、高速切削等对切削刀具提出的新的要求，金属切削工具行业在不断尝试开发新型耐磨刀具材料、刀具涂层以及开展刀具几何结构的优化设计，这些方法均在一定程度上解决了限制切削技术发展的瓶颈问题。在这些方法中，其中以涂层的适用性最为广泛，但涂层与基体材料之间的结合问题成为了制约其性能发挥的一大因素，尤其是涂层与刀具基体结合部分的过渡层的结合性能至关重要。为此，开发新型的高结合强度的涂层刀具对促进涂层刀具应用范围的扩大以及切削加工技术的进步将具有重要意义。
中国专利“申请号：201710532824.7”报道了SiZrCN梯度复合涂层刀具及其制备方法，该发明采用非平衡磁控溅射和电弧镀的复合镀膜方法在刀具基体表面沉积氮含量梯度渐变的SiZrCN梯度硬涂层，其中以Ti作为过渡层，该涂层具备良好的硬度和热稳定性。中国专利“申请号：201710532821.3”报道了AlNbCN多元梯度复合涂层刀具及其制备方法，该发明通过采用中频磁控溅射和多弧镀的复合方法在刀具基体表面依次沉积Ti过渡层、AlNbC过渡层、含氮量梯度渐变的AlNbCN涂层，该刀具具备较高的硬度和强度，可应用于多种金属材料的精加工和半精加工。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种Y-AlYN-AlYNC多元涂层刀具及其制备方法，兼顾提高涂层刀具的表面硬度及其与基体的结合强度。
技术方案：本发明的一种Y-AlYN-AlYNC多元涂层刀具，刀具基体材料为高速钢材料，刀具涂层沿基体表面由内至外依次为Y过渡层、AlYN硬涂层、AlYNC硬涂层。
本发明的一种Y-AlYN-AlYNC多元涂层刀具的制备方法如下：采用皮秒激光熔覆工艺在高速钢刀具基体表面烧结Y过渡层，选用的钇粉体颗粒平均直径在30～100nm，激光烧结功率控制在20～50W之间，烧结后获得的Y过渡层初始厚度在0.5～1.0μm；轻微抛光处理熔覆生成的过渡层表面；选用单质铝、钇作为射频靶材，通质量分数占比为1:5的氮气与氩气组合气体，采用磁控溅射结合多弧离子镀的工艺方法在过渡层表面沉积AlYN涂层，沉积AlYN涂层厚度达0.8～1.2μm；选用单质铝、钇、石墨作为射频靶材，通氮气与氩气组合气体，采用磁控溅射结合多弧离子镀的工艺方法在AlYN层表面沉积AlYNC涂层，沉积AlYNC涂层厚度达0.6～0.8μm。
有益效果：
本发明通过激光熔覆烧结过渡层，磁控溅射结合多弧离子镀沉积多元硬涂层，开发了一种新型的Y-AlYN-AlYNC多元涂层刀具及其制备工艺。相比现有的常规氮化钛涂层，本发明的激光熔覆工艺及纳米粉材选用保证了涂层过渡层的高致密性和高结合强度，且皮秒激光加工精度可控，能够保证过渡层的烧结表面的质量要求；相比传统硬涂层刀具，本发明的刀具兼顾了表面超硬、基体结合强度高的卓越优势。本发明的一种Y-AlYN-AlYNC多元涂层刀具可广泛应用于低硬度金属材料的切削加工，兼顾刀具使用寿命及材料切削加工质量。
附图说明
图1为本发明的Y-AlYN-AlYNC多元涂层刀具的涂层结构示意图，其中：沿刀具基体由内向外，依次为Y过渡层、AlYN层、AlYNC层。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述，以下实施例只是描述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例：
一种Y-AlYN-AlYNC多元涂层钻头，钻头基体材料为高速钢材料，钻头涂层由内至外依次为Y过渡层、AlYN硬涂层、AlYNC硬涂层。
本发明的一种Y-AlYN-AlYNC多元涂层钻头的制备方法如下：
(1)前处理：将高速钢钻头放入丙酮中超声清洗15min，去除油污，真空干燥。
(2)选用颗粒平均直径为50nm的钇金属粉体材料，预置在钻头钻削区域表面，采用皮秒激光熔覆工艺烧结形成Y过渡层，激光烧结功率为30W，烧结后获得的Y过渡层初始厚度为0.8μm。
(3)采用电磁抛光技术对烧结形成的Y过渡层进行轻微抛光，后清洗、干燥。
(4)选用单质铝、钇作为射频靶材，通质量分数占比为1:5的氮气与氩气组合气体，沉积气压0.8Pa，沉积温度400℃，采用磁控溅射结合多弧离子镀的工艺方法在过渡层表面沉积AlYN涂层，沉积AlYN涂层厚度为1.0μm。
(5)选用单质铝、钇、石墨作为射频靶材，通质量分数占比为1:5的氮气与氩气组合气体，沉积气压1.0Pa，沉积温度450℃，采用磁控溅射结合多弧离子镀的工艺方法在AlYN层表面沉积AlYNC涂层，沉积AlYNC涂层厚度为0.8μm，完成高速钢钻头涂层的制备。
Claims (3)
1.一种Y-AlYN-AlYNC多元涂层刀具，其特征在于：刀具基体选用高速钢材料，涂层沿基体外表面由内向外依次为Y过渡层、AlYN硬涂层、AlYNC硬涂层；该多元涂层刀具通过如下方法制备：采用皮秒激光熔覆工艺在高速钢刀具基体表面烧结Y过渡层，Y过渡层的熔覆制备选用纳米级金属钇粉体，钇粉体颗粒平均直径在30～100nm，熔覆采用可兼顾能量与烧结精度的皮秒激光器，激光烧结功率控制在20～50W之间，烧结后获得的Y过渡层初始厚度在0.5～1.0μm；采用磁控溅射结合多弧离子镀的方法在过渡层表面分别依次沉积AlYN涂层、AlYNC涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的Y-AlYN-AlYNC多元涂层刀具的制备方法，其特征在于：获得激光熔覆制备的Y过渡层之后，要对初始过渡层进行轻微的抛光处理。
3.根据权利要求1所述的Y-AlYN-AlYNC多元涂层刀具的制备方法，其特征在于：AlYN层和AlYNC层的制备分别均选用所需的单质材料作为射频靶材，通氮气和氩气的混合气体，氮气与氩气的质量分数占比为1:5，沉积气压0.5-1.2Pa，沉积温度控制在350～500℃，沉积AlYN涂层厚度达0.8～1.2μm，沉积AlYNC涂层厚度达0.6～0.8μm。
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