JP2013038214A - 半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013038214A JP2013038214A JP2011172907A JP2011172907A JP2013038214A JP 2013038214 A JP2013038214 A JP 2013038214A JP 2011172907 A JP2011172907 A JP 2011172907A JP 2011172907 A JP2011172907 A JP 2011172907A JP 2013038214 A JP2013038214 A JP 2013038214A
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Abstract
【解決手段】半導体ウエハの表面が第1ステージの表面と対向するように、第1温度(例えば80〜100℃)に加熱された第1ステージの表面上に半導体ウエハを配置して、半導体ウエハの裏面に接着剤を貼り付けた後、半導体ウエハに第1温度よりも高い第2温度の熱処理を施す。さらに、半導体ウエハおよび接着剤を切断領域に沿って切断して複数の半導体チップを取得した後、第3温度(例えば40〜80℃)に加熱された第2ステージの表面上に母基板を配置して、母基板の上面に接着剤を介して半導体チップを固定する。
【選択図】図27
Description
≪半導体装置について≫
本発明の実施の形態による半導体装置について、図1〜図3を用いて説明する。図1は半導体装置の樹脂封止体を透かした要部平面図、図2は半導体装置の裏面(実装面)側の要部平面図、図3は図1に示すA−A′線に沿った半導体装置の要部断面図である。
次に、本発明の実施の形態による半導体装置の製造方法を図4〜図27を用いて工程順に説明する。図4〜図7、図9、図10、図13、図14、および図19〜図26は半導体装置の製造方法を説明する製造工程中における半導体装置の要部断面図、図8はウエハベーク工程の熱処理温度(第2温度)をパラメータとした接着剤の硬化率と熱処理時間との関係を説明するグラフ図、図11は半導体装置の製造方法を説明する製造工程中における母基板の要部平面図、図12は図11に示すB−B′線に沿った母基板の要部断面図、図15は半導体チップと母基板とが良好に接続されていない状態(接着剤の不良転写状態)を説明する半導体装置の要部断面図、図16は半導体チップと母基板とが良好に接続されている状態を説明する半導体装置の要部断面図、図17はウエハベーク工程の熱処理条件をパラメータとした接着剤の転写率とダイボンディング工程の熱処理温度(第3温度)との関係を説明するグラフ図、図18はウエハベーク工程の熱処理条件をパラメータとしたダイシェア強度とダイボンディング工程の熱処理温度(第3温度)との関係を説明するグラフ図、図27は半導体装置の製造方法を説明する工程図である。
まず、図4に示すように半導体ウエハ1を準備する。半導体ウエハ1は単結晶シリコンからなり、その直径は、例えば200mmまたは300mm、その厚さ(第1の厚さ)は、例えば0.7mm以上(製造工程への投入時の値)である。半導体ウエハ1は、第1主面(表面)1x、第1主面1xにマトリックス状に区画形成された複数のチップ領域1CA、複数のチップ領域1CAのうちの互いに隣り合うチップ領域1CA間に形成された切断領域(スクライブ領域、ダイシング領域、ダイシングライン)1SA、および第1主面1xとは反対側の第2主面(裏面)1yを有している。
次に、半導体ウエハ1の第1主面1x側に集積回路を覆う保護テープ(バックグラインドテープ)を貼り付けた後、半導体ウエハ1の第2主面1yを、研削材(例えば粗さ♯360)を用いて粗研削することにより、半導体ウエハ1の厚さを所定の厚さまで薄くする。続いて半導体ウエハ1の第2主面1yを、先に使用した研削材よりも目の粗さが細かい研削材(例えば粗さ♯1500または♯2000)を用いて仕上げ研削することにより、粗研削時に生じた半導体ウエハ1の第2主面1yの歪みを除去する(バックグラインド)。さらに、仕上げ研削時に生じた半導体ウエハ1の第2主面1yの研磨スジを、例えばスピンエッチ法、CMP(Chemical Mechanical Polishing)法などにより除去する(ストレスリリーフ)。上記バックグラインドおよび上記ストレスリリーフを終えた時点での半導体ウエハ1の厚さ(第2の厚さ)は、例えば0.13mmである。なお、上記ストレスリリーフは全ての半導体ウエハ1に対して行う必要はなく、半導体チップに要求される強度に応じて行う。
次に、図5および図6に示すように、半導体ウエハ1の第2主面1yに、フィルム状の接着剤(接着フィルム、接着層、封止材)5を貼り付ける。接着剤5は、後の製造工程において、半導体チップを母基板の上面に固定する際の接着剤として機能し、さらに、半導体装置として完成した後においては、半導体チップの裏面を保護する封止材として機能する。接着剤5は、例えば熱硬化型であり、フィラー(SiO2の粒)を含有するエポキシ系樹脂から成る。その厚さは、例えば20〜30μmであり、25μmを中心値とする周辺範囲が好適である。また、そのフィラー含有量は、例えば60wt%である。
次に、図7に示すように、保護テープ3および保護シート11を除去した後、接着剤5が貼り付けられた半導体ウエハ1に対して、圧力を加えることなく、第1温度よりも高い第2温度(例えば120℃)で60分程度の熱処理を施す。この熱処理は、例えばベーク炉(接着剤5が貼り付けられた半導体ウエハ1を収納する加熱された室内)を用いたエア(Air)ベークである。これにより、接着剤5の硬化反応を促進させて、未硬化状態(第1形状)から半硬化状態(第2形状)とする。この熱処理では、接着剤5に圧力を加えていないので、接着剤5の変形を抑えることができる。
次に、図9に示すように、ダイシングテープ12を準備する。なお、図示はしないが、ダイシングテープ12の周縁部には、平面視において環状のフレームが貼り付けられている。ダイシングテープ12は、例えばポリオリフィンを基材とし、その厚さは、例えば90μmである。また、ダイシングテープ12の上面(半導体ウエハ1が固定される面)には、接着層13が形成されている。接着層13は、例えばアクリル系UV硬化型の粘着剤であり、例えばUV照射前は200g/25mm、UV照射後は10〜20g/25mmの粘着力を有している。
次に、図10に示すように、例えばダイヤモンド微粒を貼り付けた極薄の円形刃を用いて、半導体ウエハ1を切断領域1SAに沿って縦、横に切断する。同時に、接着剤5および接着層13も半導体ウエハ1の切断領域1SAに沿って縦、横に切断する。半導体ウエハ1は半導体チップ14に個片化されるが、個片化された後も半導体チップ14はダイシングテープ12を介してフレームに固定されているため、整列した状態を維持している。また、前の製造工程である接着剤貼り付け工程P3において、半導体ウエハ1の第2主面1yに接着剤5が強く接着されているので、半導体チップ14が接着剤5から剥がれて、半導体チップ14の飛散等の問題も生じることはない。
次に、図11および図12に示すように、母基板(基板、基材、母材)15を準備する。母基板15は、例えばステンレス(SUS430)または銅などの導電性部材から成り、1つの半導体チップ14が配置される領域(チップ搭載領域DIA)がマトリックス状に区画形成された多数個取り基板である。図11では、複数のチップ搭載領域DIAからなる1つのブロックが、3つ形成された母基板15を例示している。母基板15の厚さは、例えば150μmである。
図17に、接着剤の転写率(母基板から剥がされた後に接着剤が母基板の上面に残る確率)と第3温度との関係を説明するグラフ図を示す。前の製造工程であるウエハベーク工程P4における熱処理条件をパラメータとしている。接着剤の転写率が0%のときが良好領域であり、0%よりも大きいと不良領域となる。
接着剤5は、荷重を掛けなくても、40℃を越える熱を加えると溶けて変形する。そのため、半導体チップ14を母基板15の上面のチップ搭載領域DIAに配置する直前まで、40℃を越える熱を加えないことが望ましい。また、接着剤5を介して半導体チップ14と母基板15とを接着する際も、接着剤5全体を溶かすのではなく、母基板15と接触する面のみを溶かして、半導体チップ14と接触する面および側面5sは溶かさないことが望ましい。そこで、本実施の形態では、接着剤5の変形をできるだけ抑制するために、エア(Air)ベークを用いずに、ヒートステージを用いた。
接着剤5は溶けると自重により変形するので、接着剤5の変形を抑制するためには、半導体チップ14に掛ける荷重はできるだけ小さくすることが望ましい。例えば荷重を掛けることなく、半導体チップ14を母基板15の上面のチップ搭載領域DIAに乗せる程度であってもよい。
次に、図19に示すように、複数の半導体チップ14が貼り付けられた母基板15に対して、圧力を加えることなく、第3温度よりも高い第4温度(例えば150℃)で60分程度の熱処理を施す。この熱処理は、例えばベーク炉(複数の半導体チップ14が貼り付けられた母基板15を収納する加熱された室内)を用いたエア(Air)ベークである。これにより、接着剤5の硬化反応を促進させて、半硬化状態(第2形状)から完全硬化状態(第3形状)とする。これにより、接着剤5を介した半導体チップ14と母基板15との接着力が強くなり、また、接着剤5の硬度が高くなる。
次に、図20に示すように、半導体チップ14の表面の縁辺に配置された複数の電極パッド2と、母基板15の上面のチップ搭載領域DIAの周囲に形成された複数の外部端子16とを、例えば熱圧着に超音波振動を併用したネイルヘッドボンディング法(ボールボンディング法)により、複数の導電性部材19を用いてそれぞれ電気的に接続する。導電性部材19には、例えばワイヤ(金ワイヤ)を用いる。具体的には、ワイヤの先端をアーク放電により溶融して表面張力でボールを形成し、それをキャピラリ(円筒状の接続治具)20により電極パッド2上および外部端子16上に、例えば120kHzの超音波振動を加えながら熱圧着する。
次に、図22に示すように、複数の半導体チップ14が搭載された母基板15を金型成型機にセットし、温度を上げて液状化した封止樹脂を金型成型機に圧送して流し込み、母基板15の上面側を封止樹脂で封入して、1つの樹脂封止体(封止体)21を形成する。続いて、例えば175℃の温度で5時間の熱処理(ポストキュアベーク)を施す。この熱処理は、例えばエア(Air)ベークである。これにより、母基板15の上面、複数の半導体チップ14、複数の外部端子16のそれぞれの一部(上面および側面)、および複数の導電性部材19などが母基板15の上面側を被覆する樹脂封止体21によって封止される。樹脂封止体21の厚さは、例えば300μmである。樹脂封止体21は、低応力化を図ることを目的として、例えばフェノール系硬化剤、シリコーンゴム、および多数のフィラー(例えばシリカ)などが添加されたエポキシ系の熱硬化性絶縁樹脂からなる。
次に、図23に示すように、樹脂封止体21から母基板15を折り曲げながら引き剥がす。これにより、樹脂封止体21の下面から接着剤5および複数の外部端子9のそれぞれの他部(下面、実装面)を露出させる。母基板15を引き剥がした後も、半導体チップ14の裏面には接着剤5が接着している。
次に、図24に示すように、レーザー25を用いて樹脂封止体21の上面に品名などを捺印する。
次に、図25に示すように、ダイシングシート22を準備する。ダイシングシート22の上面には、接着層23が貼り付けられている。接着層23は、例えばアクリル系UV硬化タイプの粘着剤である。続いて、ダイシングシート22の上面に接着層23を介して、複数の半導体チップ14、複数の外部端子16のそれぞれの一部(上面および側面)、および複数の導電性部材19などを被覆した樹脂封止体21を固定する。
次に、製品規格に沿って選別し、さらに最終外観検査を経て製品(半導体装置24)が完成する。
次に、キャリアテープに予め形成されている窪みに製品(半導体装置24)を収納する。その後、例えばキャリアテープをリールに巻き取り、防湿された袋にリールを収納し、この状態で出荷する。
前述した「接着剤貼り付け工程(第1温度)P3」において、半導体ウエハ1に接着剤5を貼り付ける際には、ローラ(第1固定ローラ7、第2固定ローラ8、および加圧ローラ10)を用いたが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば予め半導体ウエハ1の外形に合わせて模った接着剤を、半導体ウエハ1の中心部から周縁部に向かって徐々に接着させて行き、最終的に半導体ウエハ1の第2主面1yの全面に接着剤を貼り付ける方法でもよい。
前述した「ウエハベーク工程(第2温度)P4」および「接着剤ベーク工程(第4温度)P8」では、ベーク炉を用いたエア(Air)ベークにより熱処理を行ったが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば「ダイボンディング工程(第3温度)P7」と同様に、ヒートステージを用いた熱処理をおこなっても良い。ただし、「ウエハベーク工程(第2温度)P4」および「接着剤ベーク工程(第4温度)P8)」では、接着剤5全体の硬化を促すことを目的としているため、接着剤5の硬化速度または接着剤5の形状の均一化(不均一に変形しない)を考慮した場合には、接着剤5全体に熱が伝わりやすい、ベーク炉を用いたエア(Air)ベークを使用することが好ましい。
接着剤5が半硬化状態であってもワイヤボンディングができる場合には、「接着剤ベーク工程(第4温度)P8」を省いてもよい。詳細に説明すると、「ダイボンディング工程(第3温度)P7」において、1つの母基板15上に設けられるチップ搭載領域DIAの数が相対的に多い場合、最初のチップ搭載領域DIAに配置された半導体チップ14は、最後のチップ搭載領域DIAに半導体チップ14が配置されるまでの間、接着剤5が熱の影響を受けることになる。そのため、「ダイボンディング工程(第3温度)P7」における熱履歴によっては、「接着剤ベーク工程(第4温度)P8」を施さなくても、既に接着剤5の硬化が完了する場合もある。しかしながら、ワイヤの接合強度を向上させるためには、超音波が半導体チップ14に加わった際に、半導体チップ14が動かないことが好ましいため、「ダイボンディング工程(第3温度)P7」の後に、さらに「接着剤ベーク工程(第4温度)P8」を施すことが好ましい。
1x 第1主面(表面)
1CA チップ領域
1SA 切断領域(スクライブ領域、ダイシング領域、ダイシングライン)
1y 第2主面(裏面)
2 電極パッド(ボンディングパッド)
3 保護テープ(バックグラインドテープ)
4 第1ステージ
4x 表面(上面、ウエハ搭載面)
5 接着剤(接着フィルム、接着層、封止材)
5a 接着剤の一部
5s 側面
6 真空経路
7 第1固定ローラ
8 第2固定ローラ
9 矢印
10 加圧ローラ
11 保護シート
12 ダイシングテープ
13 接着層
14 半導体チップ
14s 側面
15 母基板(基板、基材、母材)
16 外部端子(電極)
17 円筒コレット
18 第2ステージ
18x 表面(上面)
19 導電性部材
20 キャピラリ
21 樹脂封止体(封止体)
21a 欠け(窪み)
22 ダイシングシート
23 接着層
24 半導体装置(半導体パッケージ)
25 レーザー
DIA チップ搭載領域
Claims (11)
- 以下の工程を含むことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法:
(a)第1主面、前記第1主面に設けられた複数のチップ領域、前記複数のチップ領域のうちの互いに隣り合うチップ領域間に設けられた切断領域、および前記第1主面とは反対側の第2主面を有する半導体ウエハを準備する工程;
(b)前記工程(a)の後、前記半導体ウエハの前記第1主面が第1ステージの表面と対向するように、第1温度に加熱された前記第1ステージの前記表面に前記半導体ウエハを配置し、前記半導体ウエハに熱を加えた状態で前記半導体ウエハの前記第2主面にフィルム状の接着剤を貼り付ける工程;
(c)前記工程(b)の後、前記接着剤が貼り付けられた前記半導体ウエハに、前記第1温度よりも高い第2温度を加える工程;
(d)前記工程(c)の後、前記切断領域に沿って前記半導体ウエハおよび前記接着剤を切断し、前記接着剤の一部を有する半導体チップを取得する工程;
(e)前記工程(d)の後、第3温度に加熱された第2ステージの表面に配置された金属からなる母基板の上面に、前記接着剤の前記一部を介して前記半導体チップを配置し、前記半導体チップを前記母基板の前記上面に固定する工程;
(f)前記工程(e)の後、前記半導体チップの電極パッドと前記母基板の外部端子とを導電性部材を介して電気的に接続する工程;
(g)前記工程(f)の後、前記半導体チップ、前記接着剤の前記一部、および前記母基板の前記上面を樹脂で封止することで、封止体を形成する工程;
(h)前記工程(g)の後、前記封止体から前記母基板を剥離し、前記封止体から前記接着剤の前記一部の裏面を露出する工程。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、前記工程(e)と前記工程(f)との間に、以下の工程を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法:
(i)前記半導体チップが固定された前記母基板に、前記第3温度よりも高い第4温度を加える工程。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記工程(b)では、前記半導体ウエハの周縁部の一部から、前記半導体ウエハの中心部を介して前記一部と対向する他部に向かってローラを転がすことにより、前記接着剤を前記半導体ウエハの前記第2主面に貼り付けることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記工程(c)では、前記第2温度に加熱された室内に前記半導体ウエハを収納して、前記半導体ウエハを加熱することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項2記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記工程(i)では、前記第4温度に加熱された室内に前記半導体ウエハを収納して、前記半導体ウエハを加熱することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記工程(f)では、キャピラリを用いて、超音波振動を加えながら前記導電性部材の先端を前記半導体チップの前記電極パッド上に熱圧着することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記工程(c)では、前記第2温度を加えることにより前記接着剤は半硬化状態となることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項2記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記工程(c)では、前記第2温度を加えることにより前記接着剤は半硬化状態となり、前記工程(i)では、前記第4温度を加えることにより前記接着剤は完全硬化状態となることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記工程(e)では、平面視において前記半導体チップの側面から前記接着剤が突出しないことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記第1温度は80〜100℃、前記第3温度は40〜80℃であることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 請求項1記載の半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記接着剤の厚さは20〜30μmであることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
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JP2015060928A (ja) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-30 | 株式会社ディスコ | ウエーハの加工方法 |
JP2015210082A (ja) * | 2014-04-23 | 2015-11-24 | 株式会社デンソー | 半導体装置 |
JP2016225430A (ja) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-12-28 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | 半導体装置用基板及びその製造方法、半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
JP2020004991A (ja) * | 2019-08-26 | 2020-01-09 | マクセルホールディングス株式会社 | 半導体装置用基板及びその製造方法、半導体装置 |
JP2021090070A (ja) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-06-10 | マクセルホールディングス株式会社 | 半導体装置用基板及び半導体装置 |
JP7412376B2 (ja) | 2019-08-26 | 2024-01-12 | マクセル株式会社 | 半導体装置用基板 |
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US8513060B2 (en) | 2013-08-20 |
US8941226B2 (en) | 2015-01-27 |
US20130328218A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
US20130040426A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
JP5798834B2 (ja) | 2015-10-21 |
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