JP2013028640A - Nkg2aに対するモノクローナル抗体 - Google Patents
Nkg2aに対するモノクローナル抗体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】 障害の病因に寄与する樹状細胞の溶解をもたらすNK細胞上のNKG2A受容体の刺激を防止する抗体を見いだした。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明は、それらの細胞表面上にHLA−EまたはQa1bを発現する細胞の存在によって特徴付けられる標的細胞のNK細胞媒介溶解を活性化するNKG2Aに対する新規の抗体、治療用途のために該抗体を産生させ、評価し、特徴付けるための方法;ならびに自己免疫または炎症性障害および樹状細胞のようなそれらの細胞表面上にHLA−EまたはQa1bを発現する細胞の存在によって特徴付けられる他の病態の処置のために該抗体を含んでなる組成物および該抗体を使用する方法を提供する。本発明は、部分的に、NKG2Aが多くのNK細胞による成熟樹状細胞の溶解を阻害するための主因を有するという驚くべき発見に基づく。成熟樹状細胞は、NK細胞上に存在するNKG2A受容体を介して作用し、樹状細胞の標的化を阻害する有意なレベルのHLA−Eを発現する。従って、以下の理論にとらわれずに述べると、NK細胞のNKG2A媒介阻害を阻止することは、NK細胞による樹状細胞標的化の増加をもたらし、それによって、自己免疫または炎症性障害あるいは樹状細胞、特に、成熟樹状細胞の活性を減少することによって緩和もしくは治癒され得る実にあらゆる病態の有効な処置を提供すると考えられる。従って、本発明はまた、より一般的には、哺乳動物における樹状細胞、好ましくは、成熟樹状細胞の数を阻害または減少させる、ならびに一般的に、免疫応答、好ましくは、自己反応性免疫応答を減少させるような方法を提供する。
本明細書において使用される以下の用語は、他で指定しない限り、それらに帰属する意味を有する。
本発明は、免疫細胞、好ましくは、NK細胞上のNKG2Aに結合する活性化および阻害抗体の両方、ならびにそれらの同定、産生、評価および使用に関与する。そのような抗体を同定する1つの方法は、NKG2Aに結合することが可能であるそれらを見出すことである。一旦、特異的に結合する抗体が同定されると、例えば、NK細胞上においてNKG2Aを阻害または活性化するそれらの能力について、それらを試験することができる。しかし、そのような結合アッセイを行うことは、本発明の実施には決して必要ではないことが理解されよう。
HLA−EまたはQa1bによるNKG2A/CD94の刺激を阻害することが可能である本発明の活性化抗体の同定は、一般に、試験抗体の存在下でNKG2A活性を評価するための細胞に基づくアッセイに関与する。いくつかの実施態様では、候補抗体が、最初に、上記のようなNKG2Aに結合するそれらの能力に基づいて同定される。他の実施態様では、細胞に基づくスクリーニングが実施され、それらの結合親和性にかかわらず、NKG2A刺激を阻害することが可能な抗体が直接同定される。
NKG2Aに結合し、NK細胞活性、特に、細胞のNK細胞溶解を阻害することが可能である本発明の阻害抗体の同定は、細胞に基づくアッセイを使用してアッセイされる。典型的に、NK細胞のようなNKG2Aを有する細胞は、多様な量の試験抗体の存在下で、RMA、RMAのTAP−2誘導体、P815およびK562のようなNK感受性細胞と接触される。試験抗体の存在下で死滅されるNK感受性細胞の百分率が、抗体の非存在下での死滅と比較される。
ヒトおよび非ヒト霊長類NKG2A間に交差反応性があることが観察されている。従って、受容体活性に対する抗NKG2A抗体の効果を評価するためのアッセイは、任意の霊長類由来のNKG2Aポリペプチドを使用して行うことができる。例えば、そのようなアッセイは、インビトロで非ヒト霊長類NK細胞を使用することによって実施できるか、または抗体を非ヒト霊長類に投与することができ、そして、例えば、NK細胞活性における変更に反映されるNKG2A活性をモジュレートするそれらの能力を測定することができる。
本発明の抗体は、様々な当該分野において公知の技術のいずれかによって産生させることができる。典型的に、それらは、T細胞またはNK細胞または樹状細胞のような細胞の表面上の(または本明細書に記載のすべての実施態様のための、CD94、もしくはHLA−Eのための)NKG2A受容体を含んでなる免疫原による非ヒト動物、好ましくは、マウスの免疫化によって産生される。受容体は、細胞全体または細胞膜、NKG2A(もしくはCD94など)の全長配列、または任意のNKG2Aのフラグメントもしくは誘導体、典型的に免疫原性フラグメント、即ち、受容体を発現する細胞の表面上に曝露されるエピトープを含んでなるポリペプチドの一部を含んでもよい。NKG2Aの任意のアイソフォームまたはスプライシングフラグメントを使用することができる(例えば、OMIM161555を参照のこと;その開示内容は参照により本明細書に援用される)。そのようなフラグメントは、典型的に、成熟ポリペプチド配列の少なくとも7連続アミノ酸、さらにより好ましくは、その少なくとも10連続アミノ酸を含有する。それらは、本質的に、受容体の細胞外ドメインから誘導される。好適な実施態様では、抗体を作製するために使用されるNKG2A受容体はヒト受容体である。所定の実施態様では、例えば、CD94と会合したヘテロダイマーで存在するNKG2Aを使用して、抗体を作製することができる。
好適な一連の実施態様では、本発明の抗NKG2A抗体の活性は、非ヒト霊長類においてインビボで評価される。そのような実施態様は、任意の極めて多様な理由によって行うことができる。ヒトNKG2Aと非ヒト霊長類由来のNKG2Aとの間の交差反応を考慮すると、および霊長類間の生理学的類似性を考慮すると、ヒトNKG2Aを認識する抗体を非ヒト霊長類に投与することによって、NKG2Aを発現する細胞(例えば、NK細胞)の活性をモジュレートするその能力、生成される副作用、毒性、薬力学、薬物動態学、バイオアベイラビリティ、半減期、投与の至適用量もしくは回数、他の治療用薬剤との組み合わせを含む至適処方、あるいは抗体の効力、安全性、または至適投与を決定するために測定され得る他の任意の特性を含むが、これらに限定されない多くの態様について、抗体をインビボで評価することが可能である。候補治療用化合物をインビボで評価する方法については当該分野において周知であり、例えば、The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy、第17版、Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences、第20版(その開示内容全体は参照により本明細書に援用される)に記載されている。
本発明はまた、医薬組成物、例えば適切な賦形剤中の本発明の抗体(フラグメントを包含)およびその誘導体ならびに医薬状許容される担体を含有する医薬組成物を提供する。
上記のように、本発明の重要な部分は、投与の安全かつ有効な用量および回数を決定するために、非ヒト霊長類において抗NKG2A抗体を試験することである。投与規則の適切な開始は、既に開発されている他の治療用モノクローナル抗体による経験を調べることによって、決定することができる。いくらかのモノクローナル抗体は、Rituxan(リツキシマブ(Rituximab))、Herceptin(トラツズマブ(Trastuzumab))またはXolair(オマリズマブ(Omalizumab))、Bexxar(トシツモマブ)、Campath(アレムツズマブ)、Zevalin、Oncolymならびに類似の投与規則(即ち、処方および/または用量および/または投与プロトコル)が本発明の抗体と共に使用され得るような臨床的状況において効率的であることが示されている。投与のためのスケジュールおよび用量は、例えば、製造者の指示書を使用して、これらの製品のための既知の方法に従って決定することができる。例えば、モノクローナル抗体は、100mg(10mL)または500mg(50mL)の単回使用のバイアルのいずれかにおいて10mg/mLの濃度で供給することができる。生成物は、9.0mg/mL塩化ナトリウム、7.35mg/mLクエン酸ナトリウム二水和物、0.7mg/mLポリソルベイト(polysorbate80)、および注射用滅菌水において、靜注投与のために処方される。pHは6.5に調整される。本発明の抗体のための例示的に適切な用量範囲は、約10mg/m2〜500mg/m2であり得る。しかし、これらのスケジュールは例示的であること、ならびに至適スケジュールおよび規則は、臨床治験において決定されなければならない抗体の親和性および抗NKG2A活性を考慮して適応することができることが理解されよう。24時間、48時間、72時間または1週間もしくは1箇月間、細胞を飽和するNKG2Aへの抗体の注入の量およびスケジュールは、抗体の親和性およびその薬物動態パラメータを考慮して決定される。
本発明の別の重要な実施態様に従えば、抗NKG2A抗体および/または他の化合物は、抗体もしくは化合物が投与されている特定の治療目的のために通常利用される薬剤を含む1つもしくはそれ以上のさらなる治療用薬剤と共に処方されてもよい。さらなる治療剤は、通常、処置する特定の疾患または病態のための単剤治療における該薬剤に典型的に使用される用量で投与される。そのような治療用薬剤として、癌の処置において使用される治療用薬剤(化学療法化合物、ホルモン、血管新生インヒビター、アポトーシス誘導剤(apoptiotic agent)などを含む「抗癌化合物」);感染性疾患を処置するために使用される治療用薬剤(抗ウイルス化合物を含む);自己免疫疾患、炎症性障害、および免疫拒絶の処置のような他の免疫療法において使用される治療用薬剤;サイトカイン;免疫調節剤;補助化合物;または他の抗体ならびに活性化および抑制性NK細胞受容体の両方に対する他の抗体のフラグメントが挙げられる。他で具体的に述べない限り、下記の組み合わせの組成物の組は、本発明の活性化抗体、阻害抗体または細胞毒素−抗体コンジュゲートのいずれかを含んでなることができる。
本発明の活性化抗体は、NK細胞が標的細胞に接触する場合、NK細胞を、それらの細胞表面上にHLA−EまたはQa1bを有する標的細胞を溶解することが可能であるようにする。従って、1つの実施態様に従えば、本発明は、NK細胞および標的細胞を含んでなる集団における前記標的細胞のNK細胞媒介溶解を再構成する方法であって、ここで、前記NK細胞は、その表面上のNKG2Aによって特徴付けられ、そして前記標的細胞は、その表面上のHLA−EまたはQa1bの存在によって特徴付けられ、前記NK細胞と上記の活性化モノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメントとを接触させる工程を含んでなる、上記方法を提供する。
外因性IL−2の存在下で培養されたポリクローナルNK細胞は、iDCに対して強力な細胞溶解活性を呈することは先に示されていた。従って、本研究では、ドナーAM、ACおよびDBから単離されたポリクローナルNK細胞集団が、自家移植および同種異系iDCの両方を効率的に死滅させた。しかし、自家移植iDCに対する細胞溶解活性は、適切な抗HLAクラスImAbの存在下で増加され得る。
先の研究は、iDCおよびmDCが、HLAクラスI表面発現に関して顕著な差異を示すことを実証した。従って、HLA−A、B、CおよびE分子の単一形態の決定基に特異的なmAbの使用によって、成熟を経験しているDCは、細胞表面でそれらのHLAクラスI発現を著しくアップレギュレートすることが示されている。さらに、HLAクラスIのアップレギュレーションは、mDCがNK細胞媒介溶解に対して耐性になる極めて重要な機構を提示した。
ポリクローナルNK細胞がmDCを効率的に死滅させないという先の報告に一致して、本発明者らは、iDCを溶解するほとんどのNK細胞クローンがmDCを死滅させなかったことを示す。しかし、興味深いことに、mDCは、グループAに属するNKクローンのより少数の画分(即ち、抗HLAクラスImAbによって増加され得ない自発的抗iDC細胞溶解活性を示すもの)によって溶解された。自家移植mDCの溶解はiDCのそれと比較して低く、抗HLAクラスImAbの存在下で増加することができた。このことは、iDCと比較してmDCにおけるHLAEのより高い発現が、CD94/NKG2Aを介するより効率的なシグナル伝達を生じることを示唆する(これはまた、それらの溶解を増加する抗CD94mAbの能力によっても示唆される)。グループBのNKクローン(即ち、iDCを死滅させることが可能であり、その溶解は抗HLAクラスImAbによって増加される)に関して、それらは、mDCに対する溶解活性を示さなかったが;しかし、細胞溶解活性は、抗HLAクラスIまたは抗CD94mAbの存在下で示され得た。最後に、iDCを死滅させることができないグループCに属するクローン(ほとんどの場合、KIR+)はまた、mDCを死滅させることもできなかった。mDCに対する細胞障害性は、HLAクラスIとKIRとの間の相互作用のmAb媒介崩壊においてのみ検出され得た。
上記で例示されるように、グループAおよびBに属するNK細胞クローンが、同種KIR−NKG2A+表面表現型によって特徴付けられる一方、グループCは、KIR+NKG2A−またはKIR−NKG2A+クローン(またはより低い頻度で、KIR+NKG2A+クローン)のいずれかを含む。KIRを介するネガティブなシグナル伝達が、NKG2Aを介するものより効率的であると想定すると、(それらのシグナル伝達能における本質的差異またはDC上における特異的HLAクラスIリガンドの異なる利用可能性のいずれかのため)、何故、KIR−NKG2A+細胞がNKクローンのすべての3つのグループにおいて検出可能であるかを明らかにすべきである。所定のNK細胞クローンの細胞溶解活性は、抑制性(KIR、NKG2A)と誘発性(NCR、NKG2D)受容体との間の均衡の結果であるため、本発明者らは、異なるグループのNKクローンにおけるこれらの分子の発現のレベルについて分析した。特に、本発明者らは、NKG2AおよびNKp30の発現(即ち、iDCおよびmDCのNK細胞媒介溶解の誘導において優勢な役割を果たす誘導性NCR)に注目した。
Z270は、NKG2Aに対するマウスIgG1モノクローナル抗体である。Z270のアミノ酸配列は配列番号に記載されている。Z270はマウス抗体であるため、それはヒトFc受容体に結合せず、従って、ヒト細胞系またはマウスFc受容体を有する細胞を欠く任意の系において本発明の活性化抗体として作用する。対照的に、マウス(mounse)Fc受容体を有する細胞を含んでなる系では、そのIgG1定常領域がそのようなFc受容体に結合するという事実のため、Z270は本発明の阻害抗体である。
抗体の非存在下またはmAbZ199、もしくはmAbZ270の存在下で、HLA−Eを発現する自家移植PHA芽球標的細胞に対するヒトNKバルク細胞の細胞溶解活性について試験した。細胞溶解活性を、標準的な4時間の51Cr遊離アッセイによって評価した。すべての標的は、マイクロ滴定プレートのウェルあたり3000個の細胞で使用した。NK細胞の数を変動させて、図1に示されるように、0.01〜100の間のエフェクター/標的比を生成した。
mAb.この研究では、本発明者らの研究室で生成された以下のmAbを使用した:JT3A(IgG2a、抗CD3)、AZ20およびF252(それぞれIgG1およびIgM、抗NKp30)、c127(IgG1、抗CD16)、c218(IgG1、抗CD56)、EB6b(IgG1、抗KIR2DL1およびKIR2DS1)、GL183(IgG1、抗KIR2DL2 KIR2DL3およびKIR2DS2)、FES172(IgG2a、抗KIR2DS4)、Z27(IgG1、抗KIR3DL1)、XA185(IgG1、抗CD94)、Z199、Z270(IgG2b、抗NKG2A)、A6−136(IgM、抗HLAクラスI)、131(IgG1、A3、A11およびA24を含む抗HLA−A対立遺伝子)ならびにE59/53(IgG2a、抗HLA−A)[シッコネ(Ciccone)ら、(1990年)PNAS USA87:9794−9797;ペンデ(Pende)ら、(1998年)J Immunol.28:2384−2394]。mAbF4/326(IgG、抗HLA−C)[マーシュ(Marsh)ら、(1990年)Tissue Antigens36:180−186]、116−5−28(IgG2a、抗HLA−Bw4対立遺伝子)および126−39(IgG3、抗HLA−Bw6対立遺伝子)は、K.ゲルストルプ(K.Gelsthorpe)博士(Sheffield,GB)(XII International HLA Workshop)より贈呈され、3D12(IgG1、抗HLA−E)[リー(Lee)ら(1998年)J.Immunol.160:4951−4960]は、ダニエル・ゲラフティ(Daniel Geraghty)博士(Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,Seattle、ワシントン州)より贈呈された。
マウスハイブリドーマ株、Z270の凍結細胞ペレットを融解し、RNeasy Midiキット(Qiagenカタログ番号75142)を使用して処理し、71μgの全RNAを単離した。約5マイクログラムのZ270RNAを逆転写に供し、Amersham Biosciences 1st strand synthesis kit(Amersham Biosciences、カタログ番号27−9261−01)を使用して、Z270cDNAを生成した。免疫グロブリン重鎖可変領域(VH)cDNAを、どのプライマー対がPCRに最も安定であるかを決定するために、定常領域プライマーと組み合わされた異なる多くのIgHプライマーを使用して、PCRによって増幅した。同様に、免疫グロブリンκ鎖可変領域(VK)を、κ定常領域プライマーと組み合わされた複数のIgKを使用して、増幅した。
5週齢のBalbCマウスNKクローンSA260(CD94bright)を免疫することによって、mAbを作製した。異なる細胞融合後、最初に、mAb Z199およびZ270を、(モレッタ(Moretta)ら、(1994年)J.Exp.Med.180:545に記載のように選択した。CD94分子の分布についての休止または活性されたNK細胞集団の分析を、モレッタ(Moretta)ら(1994年)に記載のように1または2色蛍光フローサイトメトリー分析を使用して実施した。
PBLを、Ficoll Hypaque勾配およびプラスチック付着細胞の枯渇によって、健康なドナーから得る。富化されたNK細胞を得るために、PBLを、抗CD3、抗CD4および抗HLA−DRmAb(4℃で30分間)、続いて、ヤギ抗マウス磁気ビーズ(Dynal)(4℃で30分間)と共にインキュベートし、当該分野において既知の方法(ペンデ(Pende)ら、1999年)によって免疫磁気選択を行う。CD3−、CD4−、DR−細胞を、刺激したフィーダー細胞、100U/mlインターロイキン2(Proleukin、Chiron Corporation)および1.5ng/ml PhytohemagglutininA(GibcoBRL)上で培養し、ポリクローンNK細胞集団を得る。NK細胞を限界希釈によりクローニングし、NK細胞のクローンを細胞表面受容体の発現についてのフローサイトメトリーによって特徴付ける。
材料
サル血液:アカゲザルおよびカニクイザルの血液は、Centre de Primatologie,ULP,Strasbourgで購入した。ヒヒのサル血液は、Centre de Primatologie,CNRS,Station Roussetで購入した。サル血液は、EDTAまたはクエン酸ナトリウムを含有する「vacutainer」管で回収した。血液を、回収後24時間以内に処理し、室温で保持した。
細胞染色は、以下のプロトコルにしたがって行った:
・100μlの血液+10μlの10×精製されたmAb
・撹拌しながら30分間RTでインキュベートする
・3mlのPBSで洗浄する(1400RPM、10分間、RT)
・100μlのPE−GaMまたはPE−GaHを添加して、1:200最終とし、ボルテックス撹拌する
・撹拌しながら30分間RTでインキュベートする
・3mlのPBSで洗浄する(1400RPM、10分間、RT)
・50μlの20%マウス血清を添加し、ボルテックス撹拌し、10分間インキュベートする
・30μl〜60μlのFITC−CD3、(−CD4、−CD14、−CD20)、PC7−CD16、CyCr−CD45混合物または10μlのそれぞれの対応するアイソタイプコントロールを添加する
・撹拌しながら30分間RTでインキュベートする
・500μlのOptiLyse(登録商標)Cを添加し、ボルテックス撹拌し、10分間インキュベートする
・500μlのPBSを添加し、ボルテックス撹拌し、10分間インキュベートする
・3mlのPBSで洗浄する(1400RPM、10分間、RT)
・細胞ペレットを300μlのPBS+0.2%ホルムアルデヒドに再懸濁する
・サンプルをXL/MCLサイトメーター(Beckman Coulter)上に通過させるEXPOTM32 v1.2ソフトウェア(Beckman Coulter)により獲得および分析を実施した。
・分析は、それらのFSCおよびSSC特徴によって同定されるリンパ球を中心に行った
・T細胞またはNK細胞コンパートメントの分析:
T細胞=CD3+リンパ球は、Lyにゲート設定された抗CD3染色ヒストグラムのポジティブ細胞として定義される
NK細胞=CD3−CD56+リンパ球は、CD3/CD56ドットプロットにおけるCD3−CD56+ゲートに対応する(4分円の左上部分)。
アカゲザル、カニクイザルおよびヒヒに対するNKG2Aモノクローナル抗体Z270の結合を評価した。カニクイザルバルクNK細胞(16日目、300μmlを、30分間、4℃でmAb(1μg/ml)インキュベートし、洗浄し、20分間、4℃でPE−GaMで標識した。図1は、Z270がカニクイザルNK細胞に結合することを実証する、カニクイザルNK細胞への結合、ならびにIgG1および抗CD16結合を示す。Macaca mulatta(アカゲザル)NK細胞(全血由来)を、mAbと共にインキュベートし、洗浄し、PE−GaMで標識した。表2に示される結果は、アカゲザルNK細胞へのクローンZ270の結合を実証する。最終的に、ヒヒNK細胞(全血由来)を、mAbと共にインキュベートし、洗浄し、PE−GaMで標識した。表3に示される結果は、ヒヒNK細胞へのクローンZ270の結合を実証する。
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アカゲザルおよびカニクイザル由来のサル血液を、EDTAまたはクエン酸ナトリウムを含有するチューブに回収した。抗体:FITC−CD3、−CD4、−CD14、−CD20、およびCyCr−CD45は、BD Pharmingen由来であり、PC7−CD16はBeckman Coulterから入手した;これらのすべてのクローンはサルPBMCと交差反応する。PE−GaM(ヤギF(ab’)2フラグメント抗マウスIgG(H+L)−PE)、およびOptiLyse(登録商標)CはBeckman Coulterから購入した。他の試薬:PBS(1×)はGibco Invitrogenから;Formaldehyde37%はSigmaから入手した。
細胞染色は、以下のプロトコルにしたがって行った:
100μl全血(EDTA)+11μl mAb溶液、Z270もしくはZ199(10μg/ml)またはアイソタイプコントロールを、30分間、RTでインキュベートした。
・PBSで洗浄し、100μlのPE−またはFITC GaM(1/200最終)を添加し、30分間、RTで放置する
・PBSで洗浄し、50μlのマウス血清20%を添加し、60μl含有FITC−抗CD3、−CD4、−CD14、−CD20、CyCr−CD45、PC7−CD16を添加し、30分間RTで放置視する
・500μlのoptilyseCを添加し、10分間RTで放置する
・500μlのPBSを添加し、10分間、RTで放置する
・PBSおよび0.2%ホルムアルデヒドで洗浄する
・CD45bright小細胞(CD45/SSC)、次いで、CD16+CD3−CD4−CD14−CD20−細胞を中心に分析を行う
NKG2Aモノクローナル抗体Z270ならびにZ299のアカゲザルNK細胞およびカニクイザルNK細胞への結合を評価および比較した。カニクイザルバルクNK細胞(16日目、300μlを、30分間、4℃でmAb(1μg/ml)インキュベートし、洗浄し、20分間、4℃でPE−GaMで標識した。図4は、Z199およびZ270の両方がカニクイザルNK細胞に結合することを実証する、Z199およびZ270の両方のカニクイザルNK細胞への結合、ならびにIgG1および抗CD16結合を示す。Macaca mulatta(アカゲザル)NK細胞(全血由来)を、mAbと共にインキュベートし、洗浄し、PE−GaMで標識した。表5に示される結果は、アカゲザルNK細胞へのZ199およびZ270の両方の結合を実証する。
Claims (34)
- a.ヒトNKG2Aに特異的に結合すること;
b.ヒトFc受容体には特異的に結合しないこと;
c.ヒトNKG2CまたはヒトNKG2Eには特異的に結合しないこと;および
d.ヒトNK細胞上のNKG2Aに結合する場合、細胞表面上にHLA−EまたはQa1bを有する標的ヒト細胞が前記NK細胞に接触したときに、前記NK細胞をして、前記標的ヒト細胞を溶解せしめること、
を特徴とする、モノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメント。 - ヒトFc受容体がCD16−であり、抗体が、NKG2Aへの結合について、CNCMに受託番号I−3549の下に寄託されている細胞により生産される抗体と完全に競合することをさらに特徴とする、請求項1に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- 非ヒト霊長類NKG2Aに結合することをさらに特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- 非ヒト霊長類NK細胞上のNKG2Aへの結合時に、前記抗体は、細胞表面上にHLA−Eを有する標的非ヒト霊長類細胞が前記NK細胞に接触したときに、前記NK細胞をして、前記標的細胞を溶解せしめること、請求項3に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- 配列番号2のアミノ酸配列の相補性決定領域1(CDR1)、CDR2およびCDR3を含んでなる、請求項2に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- 配列番号6のアミノ酸配列の相補性決定領域1(CDR1)、CDR2およびCDR3を含んでなる、請求項2に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- Fc受容体への結合を防止するように改変されているマウスまたはヒトIgG1領域を含んでなる、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- ヒト、キメラもしくはヒト化である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- ヒトIgG4定常領域を含んでなる、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- 配列番号3を含んでなる核酸配列から産生される、請求項8に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- 配列番号7を含んでなる核酸配列から産生される、請求項8に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメント。
- a.有効量の請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメント;および
b.薬学的に許容可能なキャリアまたは賦形剤、
を含んでなる医薬組成物。 - 前記組成物が医薬用途のために処方される、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 化学療法化合物、ホルモン、血管新生インヒビター、またはアポトーシス誘導剤を含む癌の処置において使用される治療用薬剤;抗ウイルス化合物を含む感染性疾患を処置するために使用される治療用薬剤;自己免疫疾患、炎症性障害、および移植拒絶の処置のような他の免疫療法において使用される治療用薬剤;サイトカイン;サイトカインインヒビター;免疫調節剤;補助化合物;造血成長因子;活性化NK細胞受容体のアゴニストまたは抑制性NK細胞受容体のアンタゴニストから選択される第2の治療用薬剤をさらに含んでなる、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- NK細胞および標的細胞を含んでなる集団における前記標的細胞のNK細胞媒介溶解を再構成するインビトロでの方法であって、前記NK細胞と請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメントとを接触させる工程を含んでなり、前記NK細胞が、その表面上のNKG2Aによって特徴付けられ、そして前記標的細胞は、その表面上のHLA−EまたはQa1bの存在によって特徴付けられる、方法。
- 前記NK細胞がヒト細胞であり、前記標的細胞が、樹状細胞、癌細胞、ウイルス感染細胞から選択されるヒト細胞である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 薬剤として使用するための請求項12に記載の組成物。
- a.NKG2Aに特異的に結合すること;
b.ヒトFc受容体には特異的に結合しないこと;および
c.ヒトNK細胞上のNKG2Aに結合する場合、細胞表面上にHLA−EまたはQa1bを有する標的ヒト細胞が前記NK細胞に接触したときに、前記NK細胞をして、前記標的ヒト細胞を溶解せしめること、
を特徴とする、モノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメントの使用であって、患者における自己免疫または炎症性障害を処置するための薬物の製造のための使用。 - モノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメントが、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のモノクローナル抗体またはそのフラグメントである、請求項18に記載の使用。
- 免疫抑制薬、副腎皮質ステロイド、TNFインヒビター、NCR刺激化合物、KIR抑制性受容体のインヒビター、TGF−β1のインヒビター、サイトカインインヒビター、造血成長因子、鎮痛剤、または抗炎症剤から選択される第2の治療用薬剤と組み合わせられ、前記第2の治療用薬剤が、個別の剤形もしくは組成物の一部のいずれかとして投与される、請求項18に記載の使用。
- 前記自己免疫または炎症性障害が、自己免疫性溶血性貧血、悪性貧血、結節性多発動脈炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、ウェゲナー肉芽腫症、自己免疫性肝炎、ベーチェット病、クローン病、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、強皮症、潰瘍性大腸炎、シェーグレン症候群、1型糖尿病、ぶどう膜炎、グレーブス病、甲状腺炎、心筋炎、リウマチ熱、強皮症、強直性脊椎炎、関節リウマチ、糸球体腎炎、サルコイドーシス、皮膚筋炎、重症筋無力症、多発性筋炎、ギラン・バレー症候群、多発性硬化症、円形脱毛症、天疱瘡/類天疱瘡、乾癬、および白斑よりなる群から選択される、請求項18に記載の使用。
- 患者において癌を処置するための薬物の製造のための請求項12に記載の組成物の使用であって、前記癌が、その細胞表面上においてHLA−EまたはQa1bを発現する癌細胞の存在によって特徴付けられる、使用。
- 組成物が、抗癌剤または制吐剤から選択される第2の治療用薬剤と組み合わせられ、前記第2の治療用薬剤が、個別の剤形または前記組成物の一部のいずれかとして投与される、請求項22に記載の使用。
- 患者においてウイルス性疾患を処置するための薬物の製造のための請求項12に記載の組成物の使用であって、前記ウイルス性疾患が、その細胞表面上においてHLA−EまたはQa1bを発現するウイルス感染細胞の存在によって特徴付けられる、使用。
- 組成物が、抗ウイルス剤と組み合わせられ、前記抗ウイルス剤が、個別の剤形または前記組成物の一部のいずれかとして投与される、請求項24に記載の使用。
- 患者において抗原に対する忍容性を誘導するための薬物の製造のための請求項12に記載の組成物の使用であって、前記組成物が前記抗原と組み合わせて使用される、使用。
- 薬物が、自己免疫疾患またはアレルギーから選択される疾患を処置するために使用される、請求項26に記載の使用。
- 患者における造血細胞の移植を改善するための薬物の製造のための請求項12に記載の組成物の使用。
- 組成物が、抗癌剤、または造血成長因子から選択される第2の治療用薬剤と組み合わせられ、前記第2の治療用薬剤が、個別の剤形もしくは前記組成物の一部のいずれかとして投与される、請求項28に記載の使用。
- 患者が白血病を患っている、請求項28または29に記載の使用。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の抗体;および検出マーカーを含んでなるコンジュゲート。
- 検出マーカーが、放射性同位元素、蛍光染料、NKG2Aに対する抗体以外での抗原−抗体対のメンバー、レクチン−炭水化物対のメンバー、アビジン、ビオチン、受容体−リガンド対のメンバー、または分子インプリントポリマー−プリント分子系のメンバーから選択される、請求項31に記載のコンジュゲート。
- a.請求項31に記載のコンジュゲート;および
b.NKG2A含有材料
を含んでなるキット。 - 抗体のNKG2Aへの結合を検出する方法であって、以下の工程:
a.請求項31に記載のコンジュゲートと、NKG2A含有材料とを接触させる工程;
b.前記NKG2A含有材料に結合した検出マーカーの量を定量する工程;
c.請求項31に記載のコンジュゲートおよび前記抗体と、NKG2A含有材料とを接触させる工程;
d.前記抗体の存在下で前記NKG2A含有材料に結合した検出マーカーの量を定量する工程;
e.工程bにおいて定量される検出可能な材料の量と、工程dにおいて定量される量とを比較して、前記抗体が前記NKG2A含有材料に結合するかどうかを決定する工程
を含んでなる方法。
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