JP2012505013A - 動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法およびこれを利用して製造された多孔性3次元支持体 - Google Patents
動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法およびこれを利用して製造された多孔性3次元支持体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図3
Description
これら先行技術は、天然の軟骨細胞組織や骨髄細胞組織から脱細胞化した異種の細胞外マトリックスが多孔性3次元支持体形態を有することを利用する技術であった。これらは組織の脱細胞化を通し、多孔性3次元支持体を作製し、免疫拒否反応を抑えることはできるものの、自然組織をそのまま利用しているため、支持体の大きさ、多孔性、形態、構造に制限があって、商業的にもそして治療目的への適用にも制限があるという問題点があった。
ブタ軟骨の分離はEN 12442の“Animal tissues and their derivatives utilized in the manufacture of medical devices, part1;Analysis and management of risk、part2;controls on sourcing、collection and handling”を参考として、基準に符合する施設のブタ軟骨を購入して使用した。
洗浄した軟骨欠片は、当業界に広く知られ、商業的に入手可能な粉砕機(フードミキサーHMF−505、韓日(Hanil)、Korea)を使用し、約2×2mmサイズに粉砕した。粉砕した軟骨欠片は凍結乾燥をし、最終的に乾燥した軟骨欠片を凍結粉砕機(JAI、JFC−300、Japan)を使用して約10μmサイズ程度に凍結粉砕した。
走査電子顕微鏡(scanning electron microscope)を使用して凍結粉砕したブタ軟骨粉末の形態を分析した。2.5%グルタルアルデヒド(glutaraldehyde)で実施例1にて粉砕したブタ軟骨粉末を1時間程度の間固定させた後、リン酸塩緩衝液(phosphate buffer solution)で洗浄した。試料をエタノールで脱水させた後、乾燥し、電子顕微鏡(JEOL、JSM−6380、Japan;20KV)でパウダーの大きさおよび形態を観察した。大きさは約10μm程度に観察された(図1の(c))。
2−1.ブタ軟骨粉末の脱細胞化
ブタ軟骨粉末に存在する軟骨細胞および遺伝子成分を除去し、純粋な細胞外マトリックスを得るため、次の通り、脱細胞化過程を行った。
脱細胞以前の軟骨組織(以下、“PC”とする)と、脱細胞化工程を経た軟骨欠片(PC)および脱細胞化工程を経た軟骨粉末(以下、“PCP”とする)を試験片とし、Qubic DNA定量機器(Qubic, BIORAD, USA)でDNAを定量的に分析した。その分析の結果を下記の表1および図2のグラフで表した。参考までに、脱細胞化過程は実施例2−1と同じ方法で行った。
3−1.多孔性3次元支持体の製造
実施例2−1に記述した方法にて、脱細胞した軟骨粉末を1:9の割合で塩化ナトリウム(NaCl, 結晶の大きさ250〜350μm)とまんべんなく混ぜる。ここに3次蒸溜水に溶解させた100Mm EDC(N−(3−Dimethylaminopropyl)−N−ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, Sigma, USA)溶液を10%の割合で混ぜる。
走査電子顕微鏡(scanning electron microscope)を使用し、ブタ軟骨粉末支持体の多孔構造を分析した。2.5%グルタルアルデヒド(glutaraldehyde)で実施例3−1にて作製したブタ軟骨粉末支持体を1時間程度の間固定させた後、リン酸塩緩衝液(phosphate buffer solution)で洗浄した。試料をエタノールで脱水させた後、乾燥して電子顕微鏡(JEOL, JSM−6380,日本;20KV)で支持体の多孔の大きさおよび形態を観察した。
水銀ポロシメトリー(Mercury porosimeter)を使用し、ブタ軟骨粉末支持体の多孔度を分析した。分析試料の重さは0.0193gであり、分析圧力は50μmHg、時間は5分、水銀充填圧力は0.44psiaであった。測定した結果、ブタ軟骨粉末支持体の多孔度は82.39%であった(図6参照)。
ブタ軟骨粉末支持体の親水性の特性を把握するため、染料を利用して水吸収度を肉眼で確認できた。ブタ軟骨粉末支持体上に2.5%のトリパンブルー細胞染色溶液を落としてから10秒後、写真を撮って評価したところ、染料が支持体にすぐに吸収されることが確認された。したがって、ブタ軟骨粉末支持体は、親水性に優れていることを確認することができた(図7参照)。
5−1.ブタ軟骨粉末支持体を利用した軟骨細胞の培養
生後2週以内のニュージーランド産うさぎの軟骨から軟骨細胞を分離した。膝軟骨から軟骨組織だけを採取した後、これを1〜2mm程に細かく刻み、0.1%コラゲナーゼ(Collagenase typeII, Washington, USA)で37℃の細胞培養器で12時間処理することによって軟骨細胞の分離がなされる。0.1%のコラゲナーゼの12時間処理後、細胞濾過器で軟骨細胞だけをろ過し、遠心分離(1700rpm, 10分)して軟骨細胞のみを分離した。
うさぎ軟骨細胞を5×106細胞で計数した後、ブタ軟骨粉末支持体に静的接種方法で接種した。細胞が支持体に付着するよう4時間の間、37℃の細胞培養器で培養した上、培養液を入れた。この時、支持体に付着せずに、底に落ちた細胞を計数した。また、24時間後、支持体を新しいプレートに移して底に落ちた細胞を計数した。
本発明の3次元支持体との比較のため、第1型アテロコラーゲン(atellocollagen)(MATRIXENTM, バイオランド, Korea)を1%の濃度で溶解させ、凍結乾燥法にてスポンジとして作製したものを対照群に使用した。
Claims (20)
- 動物由来組織を粉末化する段階と、
前記動物由来組織の粉末化の以前または以後に、或いは粉末化と同時に脱細胞化する段階と、
前記脱細胞化した動物由来組織の粉末を、粒子抽出法を利用して多孔性3次元支持体に形成する段階と、を含む動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。 - 前記粒子抽出法は、有機溶媒やその他の溶媒を利用して材料を溶解することなく、前記脱細胞化した動物由来組織の粉末とポロゲン(porogen)とを混合し、前記脱細胞化した動物由来組織の粉末を結合させるために架橋剤を用いたことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。
- 前記粒子抽出法は、ポロゲン(porogen)として塩化ナトリウムのような塩粒子、有機糖粒子、デキストラン粒子、砂糖粒子、氷粒子およびパラフィン粒子で構成された群から選択された少なくとも1つの粒子を用いることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。
- 前記多孔性3次元支持体に形成する段階において、
脱細胞化した動物由来組織の粉末と粒子抽出法に用いられるポロゲン(porogen)の粒子とを混ぜてモールドに入れた後、加圧成形し、使用の目的および治療部位に応じていろいろな形態および大きさを有する多孔性3次元支持体を作製することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。 - 紫外線(UV)、EDC、NHS、脱水熱乾燥法(dehydrothermal method)およびグルタルアルデヒド(glutaraldehyde)で構成された群から選択された少なくとも1つの方法により、多孔性3次元支持体を架橋する段階をさらに含む、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。
- 前記動物由来組織の粉末に一以上の成長因子を入れて凍結乾燥する段階を、さらに含む、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。
- 前記粒子抽出法を利用して形成された多孔性3次元支持体に軟骨細胞を接種した上、再培養し組織工学的軟骨組織を収得する段階を、さらに含む、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。
- 前記動物由来組織は、ブタ、牛、羊、馬、犬または猫から由来した軟骨であることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。
- 前記動物由来組織の粉末は、ブタ軟骨粉末であることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。
- 前記動物由来組織を粉末化する段階は、動物由来の軟骨組織から軟骨を分離した後、粉砕機を利用して粉砕する段階と、粉砕した軟骨を凍結粉砕機を通して粉砕する段階と、を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。
- 前記動物由来組織は、ブタ、牛、羊、馬、犬または猫から由来した羊膜、皮膚、小腸粘膜下組織、筋膜、または脊髓膜であることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。
- 前記脱細胞化する段階は、物理的脱細胞方法、化学的脱細胞方法または物理的および化学的方法を組み合わせた方法により行われることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。
- 前記物理的脱細胞方法は、凍結−解凍法、超音波処理または物理的撹はんを含み、前記化学的脱細胞方法は、前記動物由来組織の粉末を低張液、陰イオン性界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤、陽イオン性界面活性剤、DNase、RNaseまたはトリプシンで処理することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。
- 前記脱細胞化する段階は、0〜50℃の温度範囲で行われることを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。
- 前記化学的脱細胞方法において、前記低張液はトリス− HCl(Tris−HCl)(pH8.0)溶液であり、前記陰イオン性界面活性剤は、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)、デオキシコール酸ナトリウム(sodium deoxycholate)、またはトリトンX−200(Triton X−200)であり、前記非イオン性界面活性剤は、トリトンX−100(Triton X−100)であり、前記陽イオン性界面活性剤はCHAPS、スルホベタイン−10(Sulfobetaine−10, SB−10)、スルホベタイン−16(SB−16)、またはトリ−n−ブチルホスフェート(Tri−n−butyl phosphate)であることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体の製造方法。
- 請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法に従って製造された動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体。
- 軟骨再生用であることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体。
- 関節軟骨組織の作製、ディスク組織の作製、または骨組織の作製に用いられることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体。
- 1つ以上の成長因子をさらに含む、請求項16に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体。
- 軟骨細胞が接種された後、軟骨細胞を再培養し、組織工学的軟骨組織がさらに形成されたことを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の動物組織の粉末を利用した多孔性3次元支持体。
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JP2019508213A (ja) * | 2016-03-11 | 2019-03-28 | エイテムス カンパニー,リミテッド | 生体内分解率及び物性の調節が可能な生体適合性豚軟骨来由細胞外基質膜の製造方法及び前記豚軟骨来由細胞外基質を有効成分として含む癒着防止用組成物 |
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WO2010044577A2 (ko) | 2010-04-22 |
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