JP2011525468A - 多孔質炭素球の制御可能な合成及びその電気化学的用途 - Google Patents
多孔質炭素球の制御可能な合成及びその電気化学的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011525468A JP2011525468A JP2011512793A JP2011512793A JP2011525468A JP 2011525468 A JP2011525468 A JP 2011525468A JP 2011512793 A JP2011512793 A JP 2011512793A JP 2011512793 A JP2011512793 A JP 2011512793A JP 2011525468 A JP2011525468 A JP 2011525468A
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- carbon
- porous carbon
- colloidal silica
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- silica
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
(a)コロイダルシリカテンプレート材料と水溶性熱分解性炭素供給源とを水溶液中で混ぜ合わせて前駆体溶液を用意する工程であって、コロイダルシリカテンプレートの粒径及びコロイダルシリカ/炭素供給源の重量比は制御される工程と、
(b)前駆体溶液を超音波噴霧熱分解により霧化して小液滴を得る工程と、
(c)不活性ガス雰囲気下、700〜1200℃で稼働している高温炉に液滴を導入する工程であって、そこで、液滴は固体球状の炭素/シリカ複合粒子に変換される工程と、
(d)炉から出る炭素/シリカ複合粒子を回収する工程と、
(e)粒子からシリカを除去して、表面積及び孔径により規定される調整された気孔率を有する球状形態の実質的に純粋な多孔質炭素を得る工程と、
を含む方法を提供する。
[0033]この実施例では、多孔質炭素球を、上で詳細に説明した方法に従って22nmコロイダルシリカテンプレートにより合成した。ここでは、スクロースを炭素供給源として使用し、シリカ及び炭素の重量比を2:1とした。
[0038]そのようなオープンフレームの炭素構造の安定性を改善するために、実施例1に記載の方法に触媒黒鉛化工程を加えることによって黒鉛化炭素球構造を導入した。遷移金属イオン[例えば、塩(塩化物、硫酸塩、硝酸塩、酢酸塩等)の形態のFe、Co、Ni等]を金属/炭素供給源重量比1:20〜1:5で前駆体溶液に加えた。塩の分解により生じる金属又は金属酸化物ナノ粒子は工程(3)で触媒として作用し、多孔質炭素球を黒鉛化した。図6は、黒鉛化前後の多孔質炭素球のXRDパターンである。明白な黒鉛ピークが第2試料で見られる。より安定した構造という利益以外に、黒鉛化炭素球は、黒鉛化前炭素球(〜1S/cm)よりも高い電子伝導率(10S/cm)も有する。電子伝導率は、自家製4プローブ装置を用いて、ACインピーダンス分光法(周波数10〜106Hz、電圧1V)により室温で測定した。
[0039]本発明の多孔質炭素の用途の一例は、特にプロトン交換膜燃料電池における酸素還元反応のための、共形成法により調製されたメソ多孔質炭素球担持Pt及びPt合金触媒である。他の用途では、他の貴金属合金触媒が使用可能である(例えば、DMFCにおけるメタノール酸化のためのPt−Ru)。
[0043]多孔質炭素球担持Pt又はPt合金触媒は、従来の含浸法により調製することもできる。例えば、実施例2と同じ方法で合成されたメソ多孔質炭素球材料(MC0411、表面積1000m2/g)を、PEM燃料電池のPtCo触媒の炭素支持体として使用した。PtCoナノ粒子をマイクロ波補助ポリオール還元法によりMC0411に付着させた。白金及びコバルトの化学還元を促進するために、塩化物非含有化学物質[(NH3)4Pt(NO3)2及びCoAc2]を金属前駆体として使用した。高沸点(314℃)が白金とコバルトの合金化に好適なので、テトラエチレングリコールを還元剤として使用した。金属前駆体及び多孔質炭素球は、テトラ−EGの溶媒に均一に分散した。次に、マイクロ波を動力源として用いて、金属イオンを炭素上で金属粒子に還元した。マイクロ波熱処理を4〜10分間に設定して合金化を確実にした。図9aは、多孔質炭素球担持PtCo合金触媒のTEM写真である。図9bは、拡大炭素球領域における粒径分布を示す。PtCo合金ナノ粒子は炭素球上に均一に分散しており、平均粒径がおよそ4nmであることが分かる。RDE測定から、多孔質炭素球担持PtCo合金触媒が純粋なPt触媒に比べて2倍の比活性を有することが分かる。
[0044]燃料電池の用途以外に、本発明は、電気二重層キャパシタの電極材料の調製という観点からも有望である。例えば、実施例1と同様の方法で合成された多孔質炭素球材料(MC1105、表面積1500m2/g)を、電気二重層キャパシタの電極材料として使用した。シリカ及び炭素の重量比に違いがあり、重量比は3:1であった。この炭素材料の静電容量特性をサイクリックボルタンメトリー法により評価した。MC1105 10mg、DI水5mL及び5重量%ナフィオン(登録商標)40μLからなるカーボンインク20μLでガラス状炭素電極をコーティングした。薄膜は周囲温度で乾燥した。電解質として0.5M H2SO4を、対電極として白金ワイヤを、そして対照電極として標準硫化水銀電極を有する3電極電池で電気化学測定を実施した。図10は、多孔質炭素球(MC1105)及び市販のバルカンXC72のサイクリックボルタモグラム(50mv/s)である。各電極の静電容量を、容量性電流密度、走査速度及び炭素ロード量から算出した。図に示されているとおり、炭素球はバルカンXC72よりも遙かに大きな容量性電流密度を示す。算出されたMC1105の静電容量(質量比)は95F/gであり、バルカンXC72(20F/g)のほぼ5倍である。
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Claims (27)
- 表面積及び孔径により規定される調整された気孔率を有する球状形態の多孔質炭素を作製するための方法であって、
(a)コロイダルシリカテンプレート材料と水溶性熱分解性炭素供給源とを水溶液中で混ぜ合わせて前駆体溶液を用意する工程であって、コロイダルシリカテンプレートの粒径及びコロイダルシリカ/炭素供給源の重量比は制御される工程と、
(b)前駆体溶液を超音波噴霧熱分解により霧化して小液滴を得る工程と、
(c)不活性ガス雰囲気下、700〜1200℃で稼働している高温炉に液滴を導入する工程であって、そこで、液滴は固体球状の炭素/シリカ複合粒子に変換される工程と、
(d)炉から出る炭素/シリカ複合粒子を回収する工程と、
(e)粒子からシリカを除去して、表面積及び孔径により規定される調整された気孔率を有する球状形態の実質的に純粋な多孔質炭素を得る工程と、
を含む方法。 - 前駆体溶液は超音波噴霧熱分解(USP)により霧化される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- コロイダルシリカ及び炭素供給源の重量比が1:4〜4:1である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- コロイダルシリカテンプレートの粒径が1〜100nmである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 工程(c)において、pHは、1.0〜3.0の酸性pHに調整される、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 水溶性炭素供給源は、スクロース、ピロール及びアニリンからなる群より選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- コロイダルシリカ及び炭素供給源の重量比が1:2〜2:1である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- コロイダルシリカテンプレートの粒径が20〜40nmである、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(e)において、シリカは、強酸又は強塩基による化学エッチングで粒子から除去される、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 不活性ガスが窒素、ヘリウム又はアルゴンである、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- コロイダルシリカテンプレートは、テトラエトキシシランを加水分解することにより作製される、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 多孔質炭素は100〜2000nmの粒径を有する、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 多孔質炭素は、孔径2nm未満のミクロ多孔質炭素又は孔径2〜50nmのメソ多孔質炭素又は孔径50nm超のマクロ多孔質炭素又は多重孔径分布を有する階層的多孔質炭素である、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 多孔質炭素球は50〜3000m2/gの比表面積及び1〜100nmの孔径を有する、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前駆体溶液に加える前又は球状炭素粒子を形成した後に、触媒粒子を炭素供給源材料に付着させる追加の工程を含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 触媒がPt又はPt合金である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 炭素球構造が部分的に黒鉛化される、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 黒鉛化は、Fe、Co及びNiからなる群より選択される遷移金属イオンを金属/炭素重量比1:20〜1:5で前駆体溶液に加えることによって実施される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 表面積及び孔径により規定される調整された気孔率を有する球状形態の多孔質炭素であって、多孔質炭素球は50〜3000m2/gの比表面積及び1〜100nmの孔径を有する多孔質炭素。
- 金属触媒粒子が付着している、請求項19に記載の多孔質炭素。
- 電気化学装置に使用される電極の形態の、請求項19又は20に記載の多孔質炭素。
- PEM燃料電池に使用される電極の形態の、請求項20に記載の多孔質炭素。
- 電気二重層キャパシタに使用される電極の形態の、請求項19に記載の多孔質炭素。
- 水素貯蔵材料として使用される、請求項19に記載の多孔質炭素。
- リチウムイオン電池の電極材料として使用される、請求項19に記載の多孔質炭素。
- 薬物送達のキャリアとして使用される、請求項19に記載の多孔質炭素。
- 多孔質炭素は、孔径2nm未満のミクロ多孔質炭素又は孔径2〜50nmのメソ多孔質炭素又は孔径50nm超のマクロ多孔質炭素又は多重孔径分布を有する階層的多孔質炭素である、請求項18に記載の多孔質炭素。
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WO2021132178A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-07-01 | 株式会社Tasプロジェクト | 生体試料中に存在する低分子物質の抽出方法 |
WO2022196913A1 (ko) * | 2021-03-16 | 2022-09-22 | 한양대학교에리카산학협력단 | 단원자 촉매 구조체 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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CA2725827A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
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