JP2010533784A - メタノール製造のための水媒体中の二酸化炭素の一酸化炭素及び水素への電気分解 - Google Patents
メタノール製造のための水媒体中の二酸化炭素の一酸化炭素及び水素への電気分解 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2010533784A JP2010533784A JP2010516272A JP2010516272A JP2010533784A JP 2010533784 A JP2010533784 A JP 2010533784A JP 2010516272 A JP2010516272 A JP 2010516272A JP 2010516272 A JP2010516272 A JP 2010516272A JP 2010533784 A JP2010533784 A JP 2010533784A
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- Prior art keywords
- methanol
- carbon dioxide
- hydrogen
- fuel
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
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- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100001223 noncarcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- TXQBMQNFXYOIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO[N+]([O-])=O TXQBMQNFXYOIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005691 oxidative coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MZVGTZNDBKNLAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolan-2-ylmethyl nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC1CCCO1 MZVGTZNDBKNLAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
- C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
- C07C29/1516—Multisteps
- C07C29/1518—Multisteps one step being the formation of initial mixture of carbon oxides and hydrogen for synthesis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C31/02—Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols
- C07C31/04—Methanol
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
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- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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Abstract
Description
理想的には、Sは2に等しい、或いは若干2を超えなければならない。2を超える値は水素過剰を示す一方、2を下回る値は相対的な水素欠乏を示す。プロパン、ブタン又はナフサ等のより高いH/C比を有する原料の改質は、S値をメタノールへの変換に適した2近辺に導く。しかしながら、石炭又はメタンを用いた場合、最適なS値を得るのに追加的処理を要する。石炭からの合成ガスは、望ましくない副生成物の形成を回避するための処理が必要である。メタンの蒸気改質は、2.8〜3.0の化学量論数を有する合成ガスを生産し、CO2を添加することによって、或いはアンモニア合成等の一部の他の工程で過剰の水素を使用することによって、S値を2に近似した値に低めることを要する。しかしながら、天然ガスは、高水素含量に加えて、最も低いエネルギー消費、資本投資及び操業コストをもたらすので、依然としてメタノール生成用原料として好適である。また、天然ガスは、工程で使用する触媒を毒するおそれのある硫黄、ハロゲン化化合物及び金属等の成分をより少量で含有する。
次にギ酸メチルは独占的にメタノールに水素化変換される。ギ酸は、貴金属触媒上でのギ酸メチルのメタノールへの還元で水素源として用いることができる。
本発明の利益は、以下の実施態様の詳細な説明及び図面を精査することでより明らかになるであろう。
上述の化学反応用の特定の条件は通常、熟練した化学者に知られており、反応のために最適な条件を直ちに定めることができる。典型的な収量は、CO2の量基準で約60〜100%、好ましくは約75〜90%、より好ましくは約85〜95%である。適切な電圧、すなわちAg0/AgCl電極に対して約-1.5〜-4Vで、約1:2の比率のCOとH2とをカソードにて良好なクーロン効率で生成することができる。
テトラブチルアンモニウムハロゲン化物、優先的にテトラブチルアンモニウムブロミドを、Ag/AgCl参照電極に対して-1.5Vかまたは-4Vで、メタノール水溶液媒体中での金電極(カソード)上の電解質として用いた分離した電気化学セルにおいて、CO2が還元され、水はカソードでCOとH2とが1:2の最適混合物に電気分解される。多少の臭素だけでなく、純酸素がアノードで生産される。
0.1MのKHCO3水溶液を電解質として用いた分離した電気化学セルにおいて、Ag/AgCl参照電極に対して-3.2Vの金カソードでCO2が還元され、水はメタノール合成に適したCOとH2とが1:2の最適混合物に電気分解される。COとH2生産のための総ファラデー効率は、最高100%に達する。純酸素は、アノードで生産される。
Claims (14)
- 一つのセル部にアノードを、他のセル部に金属カソード電極を具え、かつアルキルアンモニウムハロゲン化物、アルカリ炭酸塩若しくはそれらの組み合わせの一つ又はそれ以上の電解質である、水溶液又はメタノール水溶液を含有する分割された電気化学セル中の二酸化炭素を電気化学的に還元して、
電気化学セル中に、次にまたアノードでの酸素の生成中にもメタノールを生成するのに用いることのできる一酸化炭素及び水素を含む反応混合物を生成する工程を含む、
あらゆる二酸化炭素源の還元的変換によるメタノールの製造方法。 - 前記反応混合物中に、少なくとも約1:2のモル比で、或いは水素ガス過剰量で一酸化炭素及び水素ガスが得られる請求項1に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記混合物から一酸化炭素及び水素を反応させてメタノールを製造する工程であって、前記一酸化炭素及び水素ガスが前記反応混合物中に1:2〜1:2.1の比で存在する工程を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電極が、一つ又はそれ以上の多価アルキルアンモニウムハロゲン化物、一つ又はそれ以上のアルカリ炭酸塩或いは重炭酸塩と、メタノール又は水とを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記多価アルキルアンモニウムハロゲン化物が、テトラブチルアンモニウムハロゲン化物を含む請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記テトラブチルアンモニウムハロゲン化物が、テトラブチルアンモニウムブロミド、テトラブチルアンモニウムクロリド、テトラブチルアンモニウムヨージド又はこれらの混合物からなる群より選ばれる請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記アルカリ炭酸塩が、ナトリウム重炭酸塩又はカリウム重炭酸塩を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属電極が、Cu、Au、Ag、Zn、Pd、Ga、Ni、Hg、In、Sn、Cd、Tl、Pb又はPt電極である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属電極が、金電極である請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記電気化学的還元が、Ag/AgCl参照電極に対して−1.5〜−4Vの電圧の適用を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- さらに、化石燃料火力発電所又は工場からの排出蒸気から、天然ガス付随の資源から、或いは地熱井から二酸化炭素を得ることを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- さらに、大気中の二酸化炭素を適切な吸着剤上に吸着させ、次いで吸着剤を処理してそこから吸着された二酸化炭素を放出させることによって大気から二酸化炭素源を得る工程を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤が、充分な加熱によって又は吸着剤を充分な減圧にさらすことによって処理されて、吸着された二酸化炭素を放出する請求項12に記載の方法。
- 二酸化炭素の電気化学的還元用電気エネルギーが、原子力発電、水力発電、風、地熱又は太陽熱に基づく従来のエネルギー源から供給される請求項1に記載の方法。
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US7704369B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
CN101743343B (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
EP2167706A2 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
KR20100036317A (ko) | 2010-04-07 |
JP5144755B2 (ja) | 2013-02-13 |
WO2009012154A3 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
AU2008276180A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
CN101743343A (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
AU2008276180B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
WO2009012154A2 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
CA2690980A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
US20090014336A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
EP2167706B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
ES2659978T3 (es) | 2018-03-20 |
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