JP2010075927A - 流体分散のための方法および装置 - Google Patents
流体分散のための方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】流体中の同等または不同等なサイズの不連続な部分をフォーカシングおよび/または作製するミクロ流体の方法および装置を提供する。装置は簡単な技法を用いて、容易に入手可能な安価な物質から容易に製作することができる。本発明の方法は、上流部分および出口に接続する下流部分を有するミクロ流体の相互連結領域を提供すること、該ミクロ流体の相互連結領域に目的の流体および分散流体を送達すること、および該目的の流体の不連続な部分であって、基本的に均一なサイズを有する部分を創出することを含む。
【選択図】図3
Description
本発明は全体としてフローフォーカシング型の技術に関し、またミクロ流体素子にも関する。より詳しくは、本発明は分散媒中の分散相、ならびに多相流体システム中の分散相のサイズおよびサイズ分布を制御するように構成されたミクロ流体システムに関する。
流体送達、製品製造、分析などを目的とする所望の構成の流体流、不連続な流体流、粒子、分散などを製造する流体の取扱いは比較的よく研究された技術である。たとえば、直径100ミクロン未満の高度に単分散されている気泡はキャピラリーフローフォーカシングと呼ばれる技法を用いて製造されている。この技法では毛管を小さなオリフィスの上に配置して、毛管から液体浴中に気体を吹き込む。このオリフィスを通る外部の液体の縮流によって気体は細いジェットにフォーカシングされ、次いで、このジェットは毛管不安定性によって等しい大きさの泡に分解する。関連する技法では類似の構成を用いて空気中に小液滴を製造している。
不連続な流体、エーロゾルなどの製造は知られているが、ミクロ流体装置システム中の不連続な流体の製造、すなわち液−液および気−液分散およびエマルジョンの製造についてはほとんど知られていない。これはミクロ流体装置システム中の流体流の精密な制御が極めて困難であるという事実によると考えられる。
本発明は流体の取扱いのための一連の装置、システムおよび技法を含む。一つの局面では、本発明は一連の方法を提供する。本発明の一つの方法は上流部分および出口に接続した下流部分を有するミクロ流体相互連結領域を提供すること、ならびに出口の上流で相互連結領域内に目的の流体の不連続な部分を創出することを含み、不連続な部分の少なくとも一部は20ミクロン未満の最大寸法を有する。
本発明は、例えば以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
上流部分および出口に接続する下流部分を有するミクロ流体の相互連結領域を提供すること、
該出口の上流の相互連結領域に目的の流体の不連続領域を創出すること、
を含む方法であって、該不連続領域の少なくとも一部は、20ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する方法。
(項目2)
前記目的の流体の前記不連続な部分を分散流体によって創出させることを含む、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
前記分散流体の二つの別々な流れに前記目的の流体を曝露すること、および該二つの別々な流れを合流させて該目的の流体流の周囲を完全に囲むようにすることを含む、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目4)
前記相互連結領域が閉じた断面を有する、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目5)
前記相互連結領域が1ミリメートル未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目6)
前記相互連結領域が500ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記相互連結領域が200ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記相互連結領域が100ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目9)
前記相互連結領域が50ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記相互連結領域が25ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記目的の流体および前記分散流体がともに前記相互連結領域の外部境界内にある、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目12)
前記相互連結領域は、前記不連続な部分を作製することを支援する寸法制限部分を含む、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目13)
前記分散流体および前記目的の流体に寸法制限部分を通過させ、該寸法制限部分の形状を定める壁に該目的の流体が接触しないようにすることを含む、項目12に記載の方法。
(項目14)
前記目的の流体を前記目的の流体チャンネルから相互連結領域の前記分散流体中に導入することを含む、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目15)
前記目的の流体が液体を含む、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目16)
前記目的の流体が気体を含む、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目17)
前記目的の流体チャンネルが前記相互連結領域によって少なくとも部分的に囲まれる、項目13に記載の方法。
(項目18)
前記相互連結領域が前記目的の流体チャンネルを部分的に囲み、該目的の流体チャンネルの出口で相互に連結する少なくとも二つの部分を有する、上流部分を備える、項目14に記載の方法。
(項目19)
前記相互連結領域の前記上流部分と前記下流部分との間で圧力差を創出すること、該上流部分と前記出口との間で前記分散流体を導入すること、および該差圧によって少なくとも部分的に前記目的の流体の前記不連続な部分を作製することを含む、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目20)
前記相互連結領域の前記上流部分と前記出口との間の寸法制限部分によって少なくとも部分的に前記差圧を創出することを含む、項目19に記載の方法。
(項目21)
前記目的の流体および前記分散流体を前記寸法制限部分を通して流すことを含む、項目20に記載の方法。
(項目22)
前記分散流体および目的の流体がそれぞれ流速を有し、該分散流体に対する該目的の流体の流速の割合が1/5未満である、項目21に記載の方法。
(項目23)
前記割合が1/25未満である、項目22に記載の方法。
(項目24)
前記割合が1/50未満である、項目22に記載の方法。
(項目25)
前記割合が1/100未満である、項目22に記載の方法。
(項目26)
前記割合が1/250未満である、項目22に記載の方法。
(項目27)
前記割合が1/400未満である、項目22に記載の方法。
(項目28)
前記目的の流体チャンネルが前記相互連結領域内で前記寸法制限部分の上流で終わる出口を有する、項目22に記載の方法。
(項目29)
前記目的の流体チャンネルが前記寸法制限部分の中を通過する軸を有する、項目28に記載の方法。
(項目30)
前記相互連結領域の前記下流部分が中心軸を有し、該相互連結領域の該下流部分の該中心軸と整列する中心軸を有する目的の流体チャンネルから該相互連結領域中に前記目的の流体が導入される、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目31)
前記分散流体が6×10 −5 ミリリットル/秒と1×10 −2 ミリリットル/秒との間の流速を有する、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目32)
前記分散流体が1×10 −4 ミリリットル/秒と1×10 −3 ミリリットル/秒との間の流速を有する、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目33)
分散流体に対する目的の流体の流速の割合が1/5未満である、項目32に記載の方法。
(項目34)
分散流体に対する目的の流体の流速の割合が1/100未満である、項目32に記載の方法。
(項目35)
分散流体に対する目的の流体の流速の割合が1/400未満である、項目32に記載の方法。
(項目36)
前記分散流体中に単分散の不連続な目的の流体の部分を創出することを含む、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目37)
前記分散流体中に単分散の目的の流体小滴を創出することを含む、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目38)
前記分散流体中に多分散の不連続な目的の流体の部分を創出することを含む、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目39)
前記不連続な部分がそれぞれ最大寸法を有し、最も小さな最大寸法を有する部分に対する最も大きな最大寸法を有する部分の大きさの比が少なくとも10:1である、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目40)
前記比が少なくとも25:1である、項目39に記載の方法。
(項目41)
前記比が少なくとも50:1である、項目39に記載の方法。
(項目42)
前記比が少なくとも100:1である、項目39に記載の方法。
(項目43)
前記不連続な部分の少なくとも一部が50ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目44)
前記不連続な部分の少なくとも一部が25ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目45)
前記不連続な部分の少なくとも一部が10ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目46)
前記不連続な部分の少なくとも一部が5ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目47)
前記不連続な部分の少なくとも一部が1ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目38に記載の方法。
(項目48)
前記目的の流体と前記分散流体との間に中間流体を導入すること、および前記目的の流体の不連続な部分であって、中間流体のシェルによってそれぞれ囲まれた部分を創出することをさらに含む、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目49)
前記シェルを硬化することをさらに含む、項目48に記載の方法。
(項目50)
前記目的の流体チャンネルと前記相互連結領域との間の少なくとも一つの中間流体チャンネルを介して、前記目的の流体と前記分散流体との間に前記中間流体を導入することを含む、項目48に記載の方法。
(項目51)
前記少なくとも一つの中間流体チャンネルが前記目的の流体チャンネルの前記出口の近くに出口を有する、項目48に記載の方法。
(項目52)
前記目的の流体および前記分散流体は、前記不連続な部分の作製時間内では非混和性である、項目2に記載の方法。
(項目53)
前記目的の流体、中間流体および分散流体は、部分の作製時間内ではそれぞれ互いに非混和性である、項目48に記載の方法。
(項目54)
上流部分および出口に接続した下流部分を有する相互連結ミクロ流体領域を提供すること、
該相互連結領域の内部の部分に気体を導入すること、および
該相互連結領域内で該気体の不連続な部分を創出すること
を含む方法。
(項目55)
前記目的の流体がガスを含む、項目60に記載の方法。
(項目56)
前記相互連結領域内で前記気体の不連続な部分を創出することによって泡が形成される、項目55の方法。
(項目57)
目的の流体流を、該目的の流体流を軸方向で完全には囲まない分散流体と合流させること、および該分散流体の作用によって少なくとも部分的に該目的の流体の不連続な部分を創出すること
を含む方法。
(項目58)
前記目的の流体を前記分散流体の二つの別々な流れに曝露すること、および該二つの別々な流れを合流させて前記目的の流体流の周囲を完全に囲むようにすることを含む、項目57に記載の方法。
(項目59)
流体がともにミクロ流体システム中に閉じ込められている、項目57に記載の方法。
(項目60)
流体がともに液体を含む、項目70に記載の方法。
(項目61)
1つの流体が気体を含む、項目70に記載の方法。
(項目62)
前記目的の流体を第二の流体の少なくとも二つの別々な流れに曝露することによって該目的の流体流をフォーカシングすること、および該二つの別々な流れが合流して該目的の流体流の周囲を完全に囲むことを可能にすること
を含む方法。
(項目63)
目的の流体の流れを通過させること、
流体を寸法的に制限された部分を通して分散させること、ならびに
該寸法制限部分の平均断面寸法の30%以上の平均断面寸法または平均直径をそれぞれ有する目的の流体流または目的の流体流の不連続な部分を創出すること
を含む方法であって、
該寸法的に制限された部分は、目的の流体または分散流体の一方を寸法制限部分に送達するチャンネルに比べて寸法的に制限された平均断面寸法を有する平均断面寸法を有する、
方法。
(項目64)
前記寸法制限部分の平均断面寸法の40%以上の平均断面寸法または平均直径をそれぞれ有する目的の流体流または目的の流体流の不連続な部分を創出することを含む、項目63に記載の方法。
(項目65)
前記寸法制限部分の平均断面寸法の50%以上の平均断面寸法または平均直径をそれぞれ有する目的の流体流または目的の流体流の不連続な部分を創出することを含む、項目63に記載の方法。
(項目66)
前記寸法制限部分の平均断面寸法の60%以上の平均断面寸法または平均直径をそれぞれ有する目的の流体流または目的の流体流の不連続な部分を創出することを含む、項目63に記載の方法。
(項目67)
前記寸法制限部分の平均断面寸法の70%以上の平均断面寸法または平均直径をそれぞれ有する目的の流体流または目的の流体流の不連続な部分を創出することを含む、項目63に記載の方法。
(項目68)
前記寸法制限部分の平均断面寸法の80%以上の平均断面寸法または平均直径をそれぞれ有する目的の流体流または目的の流体流の不連続な部分を創出することを含む、項目63に記載の方法。
(項目69)
前記寸法制限部分の平均断面寸法の90%以上の平均断面寸法または平均直径をそれぞれ有する目的の流体流または目的の流体流の不連続な部分を創出することを含む、項目63に記載の方法。
(項目70)
前記寸法制限部分の平均断面寸法以上の平均断面寸法または平均直径をそれぞれ有する目的の流体流または目的の流体流の不連続な部分を創出することを含む、項目63に記載の方法。
(項目71)
一体的に形成された相互連結ミクロ流体領域、および
前記相互連結ミクロ流体領域によって少なくとも部分的に囲まれた目的の流体ミクロ流体チャンネル
を含むシステム。
(項目72)
少なくとも前記相互連結領域を定める部分および前記目的の流体チャンネルを定める部分が単一の一体化されたユニットの部分である、項目71に記載のシステム。
(項目73)
前記相互連結領域が上流部分および出口に接続した下流部分を有し、前記目的の流体ミクロ流体チャンネルが前記相互連結領域の該上流部分と該出口との間に出口を有する、項目71に記載のシステム。
(項目74)
前記相互連結領域が上流部分および出口に接続した下流部分、ならびに該上流部分と該出口との間に寸法制限部分を含む、項目71に記載のシステム。
(項目75)
前記目的の流体ミクロ流体チャンネルが前記寸法制限部分の上流に出口を有する、項目74に記載のシステム。
(項目76)
前記目的の流体チャンネルおよび前記相互連結領域の前記下流部分がそれぞれ中心軸を有し、これらの軸が整列する、項目75に記載のシステム。
(項目77)
前記目的の流体チャンネルおよび前記相互連結領域の前記下流部分がそれぞれ中心軸を有し、これらの軸が整列する、項目71に記載のシステム。
(項目78)
前記相互連結領域および前記目的の流体チャンネルに流体連結した少なくとも一つの中間流体チャンネルをさらに含む、項目71に記載のシステム。
(項目79)
前記中間流体領域が前記相互連結領域の前記上流部分と出口との間に出口を有する、項目78に記載のシステム。
(項目80)
前記中間流体チャンネルが前記相互連結領域の寸法制限部分の上流で出口を有する、項目78に記載のシステム。
(項目81)
前記目的の流体チャンネルが少なくとも一つの中間流体チャンネルによって前記相互連結領域から横方向に分離されている、項目78に記載のシステム。
(項目82)
前記目的の流体チャンネルおよび中間流体チャンネルが寸法制限部分の上流に出口をそれぞれ有する、項目80に記載のシステム。
(項目83)
上流部分と、出口に接続した下流部分とを有する相互連結ミクロ流体領域、および
該出口の上流の、バルブのない寸法制限部分
を含むシステム。
(項目84)
フォーカシング流体を保持するための相互連結領域、および該相互連結領域によって少なくとも部分的に囲まれた該フォーカシング流体によってフォーカシングされるための流体を保持する目的の流体チャンネルを含むフローフォーカシング装置であって、少なくとも該相互連結領域の外壁を定める部分および該目的の流体チャンネルの外壁の形状を定める部分が単一の一体ユニットの部分である装置。
(項目85)
装置によってフォーカシングされる流体を保持するための流体チャンネル、および
目的の流体にフォーカシング流体を同時に送達して該目的の流体をフォーカシングするための少なくとも二つの別々なフォーカシング流体チャンネル
を含むフローフォーカシング装置。
(項目86)
フローフォーカシング装置の目的の流体チャンネルおよびフォーカシング流体チャンネルを少なくとも部分的に単一の物質から一体的に作製すること
を含む方法。
(項目87)
フローフォーカシング装置の目的の流体チャンネルおよびフォーカシング流体チャンネルを少なくとも部分的に単一の成形工程で作製すること
を含む方法。
(項目88)
限定的チャンネル内で流体の不連続な部分を障害物に対して押し付けて、該障害物によって該不連続な部分の少なくとも一部をさらに分散した部分に分割させること
を含む方法。
(項目89)
前記さらに分散した部分を製品として回収することをさらに含む、項目88に記載の方法。
(項目90)
前記製品が消費者向け製品である、項目89に記載の方法。
(項目91)
前記限定的チャンネルがミクロ流体チャンネルである、項目88に記載の方法。
(項目92)
前記限定的チャンネルが1ミリメートル未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目91に記載の方法。
(項目93)
前記限定的チャンネルが500ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目91に記載の方法。
(項目94)
前記限定的チャンネルが200ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目91に記載の方法。
(項目95)
前記限定的チャンネルが100ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目91に記載の方法。
(項目96)
前記限定的チャンネルが50ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目91に記載の方法。
(項目97)
前記限定的チャンネルが25ミクロン未満の最大断面寸法を有する、項目91に記載の方法。
(項目98)
前記障害物が前記限定的チャンネルの中心に配置された、項目88に記載の方法。
(項目99)
前記障害物が前記限定的チャンネルの中心から外れている、項目88に記載の方法。
(項目100)
流体の不連続な部分を前記複数の障害物を含むチャンネル中に流し、前記不連続な部分の少なくとも一部を前記障害物でさらに分散させることを含む、項目88に記載の方法。
(項目101)
第一の障害物で少なくとも一つの不連続な部分を分割させて少なくとも二つのさらに分散した部分を作製すること、および該さらに分散した部分の少なくとも一つを第二の障害物でさらに分割させることを含む、項目100に記載の方法。
(項目102)
前記不連続相と前記障害物との間の相互作用の結果として、500ミクロン未満の平均最大断面寸法を有するさらに分散した部分を回収することを含む、項目88に記載の方法。
(項目103)
前記不連続相と前記障害物との間の相互作用の結果として、200ミクロン未満の平均最大断面寸法を有するさらに分散した部分を回収することを含む、項目88に記載の方法。
(項目104)
前記不連続相と前記障害物との間の相互作用の結果として、100ミクロン未満の平均最大断面寸法を有するさらに分散した部分を回収することを含む、項目88に記載の方法。
(項目105)
前記不連続相と前記障害物との間の相互作用の結果として、50ミクロン未満の平均最大断面寸法を有するさらに分散した部分を回収することを含む、項目88に記載の方法。
(項目106)
前記不連続相と前記障害物との間の相互作用の結果として、20ミクロン未満の平均最大断面寸法を有するさらに分散した部分を回収することを含む、項目88に記載の方法。
(項目107)
前記不連続相と前記障害物との間の相互作用の結果として、10ミクロン未満の平均最大断面寸法を有するさらに分散した部分を回収することを含む、項目88に記載の方法。
(項目108)
チャンネルの交差部内に分散相および分散媒を流すこと、
該チャンネルの交差部で、該分散相をそれぞれ平均サイズを有する少なくとも二つのさらに分散した相にさらに分散することを含む方法であって、該少なくとも二つのさらに分散した相の該平均サイズが該チャンネルの交差部で該分散相に加わる少なくとも二つの異なる背圧によって定められる方法。
(項目109)
前記チャンネルの交差部がT字接合部である、項目108に記載の方法。
(項目110)
流体システムのチャンネルの接合部で不連続な部分を、別々なチャンネル内の少なくとも二つのさらに分散した部分に分離させることによって、流体の少なくとも一つの該不連続な部分を該少なくとも二つのさらに分散した部分に分割することを含む方法であって、該少なくとも二つのさらに分散した部分の体積が異なる方法。
(項目111)
少なくとも二つのさらに分散した部分がより大きな部分およびより小さな部分を含み、該より大きな部分が該より小さな部分より体積で少なくとも10%大きい、項目110に記載の方法。
(項目112)
前記より大きな部分が前記より小さな部分より体積で少なくとも20%大きい、項目111に記載の方法。
(項目113)
前記より大きな部分が前記より小さな部分より体積で少なくとも30%大きい、項目111に記載の方法。
(項目114)
前記より大きな部分が前記より小さな部分より体積で少なくとも50%大きい、項目111に記載の方法。
(項目115)
前記より大きな部分が前記より小さな部分より体積で少なくとも70%大きい、項目111に記載の方法。
(項目116)
第一の流体および該第一の流体と非適合性の第二の流体の送達源に接続可能な入口、該第二の流体中の該第一の流体の分散相を受け取るための液溜めに接続可能な出口を有する限定的チャンネル、および
該入口と該出口との間の該限定的チャンネル内の障害物
を含む装置。
本発明の非限定的な実施形態の以下の詳細な説明から、添付の図面も考慮すると、本発明のその他の利点、特徴、および使用法が明らかになろう。添付の図面は概略を示すものであり、一定の比率で描くことを意図したものではない。図では、さまざまな図に例示される同じ部品またはほとんど同じ部品は一般に単一の番号で表される。分かりやすくするため、本発明を当業者が理解することを可能にするために例示が必要でない場合には、すべての図ですべての部品に番号をつけたわけではないし、本発明の各実施形態のすべての部品を示したわけでもない。本明細書および参考として援用される文献が矛盾する開示を含む場合には、本明細書が優先する。
以下の文書は参考として本明細書中に全体として援用される。1996年4月30日発行のクマール(Kumar)らへの米国特許第5,512,131号明細書、1996年6月26日公開のホワイトサイズ(Whitesides)らによる国際公開WO96/29629号明細書、2002年3月12日発行のキム(Kim)らへの米国特許第6,355,198号明細書、および2001年11月29日公開のアンダーソン(Anderson)らの国際公開WO01/89787号明細書。
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US8986628B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 |
US8337778B2 (en) | 2012-12-25 |
WO2004002627A3 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
CA2491564A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
CN1678397B (zh) | 2011-02-09 |
WO2004002627B1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
AU2003253751B2 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
EP2275206A1 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
JP2006507921A (ja) | 2006-03-09 |
EP1515803A2 (en) | 2005-03-23 |
WO2004002627A2 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
JP5624310B2 (ja) | 2014-11-12 |
AU2003253751A1 (en) | 2004-01-19 |
US20050172476A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
CN102059162A (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
US20140037514A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
CN1678397A (zh) | 2005-10-05 |
CA2491564C (en) | 2013-03-19 |
US7708949B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 |
US20100172803A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
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