JP2007258122A - 非水二次電池およびその使用方法 - Google Patents
非水二次電池およびその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007258122A JP2007258122A JP2006084384A JP2006084384A JP2007258122A JP 2007258122 A JP2007258122 A JP 2007258122A JP 2006084384 A JP2006084384 A JP 2006084384A JP 2006084384 A JP2006084384 A JP 2006084384A JP 2007258122 A JP2007258122 A JP 2007258122A
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- active material
- transition metal
- electrode active
- lithium
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- XTBFPVLHGVYOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl phenyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XTBFPVLHGVYOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】 正極合剤層を有する正極、負極および非水電解質を備えた非水二次電池であって、上記正極は、活物質として、平均粒子径の異なる3種以上のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を含有しており、上記3種以上のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物は、遷移金属元素M1としてCo、NiまたはMnを含有しており、かつ最小の平均粒子径を有するリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物は、遷移金属元素M1の一部が、遷移金属元素M1以外の金属元素M2で置換されており、上記正極合剤層の密度が、3.8g/cm3以上であることを特徴とする非水二次電池と、上記非水二次電池を、満充電時の正極電位がLi基準電位で4.35〜4.6Vとなるように充電することを特徴とする使用方法である。
【選択図】 なし
Description
LixM1 yM2 zM3 vO2 (1)
LiaM1 bM2 cM3 dO2 (2)
<正極の作製>
LiCo0.9978Mg0.0008Ti0.0004Al0.001O2[平均粒子径18μm、正極活物質(A)]、LiCo0.9949Mg0.0024Ti0.0012Al0.0015O2[平均粒子径5μm、正極活物質(B)]、およびLiCo0.9940Mg0.0027Ti0.0013Al0.0020O2[平均粒子径1μm、正極活物質(C)]を質量比77:19:4で混合したもの:97.3質量部、および導電助剤としての炭素材料:1.5質量部を、粉体供給装置である定量フィーダ内に投入し、また、12質量%濃度のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)のN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)溶液の投入量を調整し、混練時の固形分濃度が常に94質量%になるように調整した材料を、単位時間あたり所定の投入量になるように制御しつつ二軸混練押出機に投入して混練を行い、正極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。得られた正極合剤含有ペーストをプラネタリーミキサー内に投入し、12質量%濃度のPVDFのNMP溶液とNMPとを加えて希釈し、塗布可能な粘度に調整した。この希釈後の正極合剤含有ペーストを70メッシュの網を通過させて大きな含有物を取り除いた後、厚みが15μmのアルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体の両面に均一に塗布し、乾燥して膜状の正極合剤層を形成した。乾燥後の正極合剤層の固形分比率は、正極活物質:導電助剤:PVDF質量比で97:1.5:1.5である。その後、加圧処理し、所定のサイズに切断後、アルミニウム製のリード体を溶接して、シート状の正極を作製した。加圧処理後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.95g/cm3であり、正極合剤層の厚み(両面の厚み、すなわち、正極の総厚みから正極集電体のアルミニウム箔の厚みを引いた厚み)は130μmであった。
負極活物質としての黒鉛系炭素材料[純度99.9%以上、平均粒子径18μm、002面の面間距離(d002)=0.337nm、c軸方向の結晶子の大きさ(Lc)=95.0nm]:180質量部と、12質量%濃度のPVDFのNMP溶液:65質量部とを、プラネタリーミキサーに投入し、1時間混練して負極合剤含有ぺーストを調製した。得られた負極合剤含有ぺーストの固形分濃度は60.0質量%であった。その後、12質量%濃度のPVDFのMNP溶液とNMPを負極合剤含有ペーストに添加して、塗布可能な粘度に調整した。この負極合剤含有ペーストを、70メッシュの網を通過させて大きな含有物を取り除いた後、厚みが10μmの帯状の銅箔からなる負極集電体の両面に均一に塗布し、乾燥して負極合剤層を形成し、ローラーで負極合剤層の密度が1.55g/cm3になるまで加圧処理し、所定のサイズに切断後、ニッケル製のリード体を溶接して、シート状の負極を作製した。
メチルエチルカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートとエチレンカーボネートとを体積比1.5:0.5:1で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1.2mol/lの濃度になるように溶解し、これにフルオロベンゼン(FB)3質量%、ビフェニル(BP)0.2質量%、プロパンスルトン(PS)0.5質量%、C4F9OCH3(HFE)10質量%、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)3質量%を加えて非水電解液を調製した。
上記正極と負極を乾燥した後、微孔性ポリエチレンフィルムからなるセパレータ[空孔率53%、MD方向引張強度:2.1×108N/m2、TD方向引張強度:0.28×108N/m2、厚さ16μm、透気度80秒/100ml、105℃×8時間後のTD方向の熱収縮率3%、突き刺し強度:3.5N(360g)]を介して渦巻状に巻回し、巻回構造の電極体にした後、角形の電池ケース内に挿入するために加圧して扁平状巻回構造の電極体にした。それをアルミニウム合金製で角形の電池ケース内に挿入し、正・負極リード体の溶接と蓋板の電池ケースへの開口端部へのレーザー溶接を行い、封口用蓋板に設けた注入口から上記の非水電解液を電池ケース内に注入し、非水電解液をセパレータなどに十分に浸透させた後、部分充電を行い、部分充電で発生したガスを排出後、注入口を封止して密閉状態にした。その後、充電、エイジングを行い、図1に示すような構造で図2に示すような外観を有し、幅が34.0mmで、厚みが4.0mmで、高さが50.0mmの角形の非水二次電池を得た。
正極活物質(A)を、LiCo0.9988Mg0.0008Ti0.0004O2(平均粒子径18μm)に、正極活物質(B)をLiCo0.9964Mg0.0024Ti0.0012O2[平均粒子径5μm]、およびLiCo0.9960Mg0.0027Ti0.0013O2[平均粒子径1μm、正極活物質(C)]変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。実施例1と同じ圧力でのプレス後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.95g/cm3であり、正極合剤層の厚み(両面の厚み、すなわち、正極の総厚みから正極集電体のアルミニウム箔の厚みを引いた厚み)は130μmであった。
正極活物質(A)を、LiCo0.998Mg0.0008Ti0.0004Al0.0008O2(平均粒子径18μm)に、正極活物質(B)を、正極活物質(A)と同じ組成で平均粒子径が5μmのものに、および正極活物質(C)を正極活物質(A)と同じ組成で平均粒子径が1μmのもの、に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。実施例1と同じ圧力でのプレス後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.95g/cm3であり、正極合剤層の厚み(両面の厚み、すなわち、正極の総厚みから正極集電体のアルミニウム箔の厚みを引いた厚み)は130μmであった。
正極活物質(A)を、LiCo0.9988Mg0.0008Ti0.0004O2(平均粒子径18μm)に、正極活物質(B)を、正極活物質(A)と同じ組成で平均粒子径が5μmのものに、および正極活物質(C)を正極活物質(A)と同じ組成で平均粒子径が1μmのもの、に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。実施例1よりも低い圧力でのプレス後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.80g/cm3であり、正極合剤層の厚み(両面の厚み、すなわち、正極の総厚みから正極集電体のアルミニウム箔の厚みを引いた厚み)は135μmであった。
正極活物質を、LiCo0.9988Mg0.0008Ti0.0004O2[平均粒子径18μm、正極活物質(A)]と、正極活物質(A)と同じ組成で平均粒子径5μmのもの[正極活物質(B)]とを、77:23(質量比)で混合したものに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。実施例4と同じ条件でのプレス後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.70g/cm3であり、正極合剤層の厚み(両面の厚み、すなわち、正極の総厚みから正極集電体のアルミニウム箔の厚みを引いた厚み)は138μmであった。
実施例1〜4および比較例1の各電池について、4.4Vまで0.2Cの定電流で充電後、総充電時間が8時間となるまで定電圧充電し、続いて0.2Cで電池電圧が3.3Vまで定電流放電を行って、そのときの放電容量を求めた。結果を表1に示す。なお、表1では、各電池について得られた放電容量を、比較例1の電池の放電容量を100としたときの相対値で示す。
実施例1〜4および比較例1の各電池について、上記放電容量評価の際の充放電条件と同じ条件での充放電を50回繰り返し、50サイクル目の放電容量を、充放電サイクル後の放電容量として評価した。結果を表2に示す。なお、表2では、各電池について得られた充放電サイクル後の放電容量を、比較例1の電池の充放電サイクル時の放電容量を100としたときの相対値で示す。
実施例1〜4および比較例1の各電池について、1Cで12Vでの過充電試験を行い、各電池の最高到達温度(表面温度)を測定した。結果を表3に示す。電池の表面温度が低いほど、過充電時の安全性に優れていることを意味している。
2 負極
3 セパレータ
Claims (4)
- 正極合剤層を有する正極、負極および非水電解質を備えた非水二次電池であって、
上記正極は、活物質として、平均粒子径の異なる3種以上のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を含有しており、
上記3種以上のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物は、遷移金属元素M1としてCo、NiまたはMnを含有しており、かつ最小の平均粒子径を有するリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物は、遷移金属元素M1の一部が、遷移金属元素M1以外の金属元素M2で置換されており、
上記正極合剤層の密度が、3.8g/cm3以上であることを特徴とする非水二次電池。 - 上記3種以上のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物のうち、最小の平均粒子径を有するリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物以外のものは、その遷移金属元素M1の一部が、遷移金属元素M1以外の金属元素M2で置換されている請求項1に記載の非水二次電池。
- 上記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物における、遷移金属元素M1の一部を置換する金属元素M2が、Mg、Ti、Zr、Ge、Nb、AlおよびSnよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素である請求項1または2に記載の非水二次電池。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の非水二次電池を使用するに当たり、
満充電時の正極電位が、Li基準電位で4.35〜4.6Vとなるように充電することを特徴とする非水二次電池の使用方法。
ここで、上記満充電とは、0.2Cの電流値で所定の電圧まで定電流充電を行い、続いて、該所定の電圧で定電圧充電を行って、該定電流充電と該定電圧充電との合計時間を8時間とする条件での充電をいう。
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |