JP5435760B2 - 非水二次電池 - Google Patents
非水二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5435760B2 JP5435760B2 JP2013143213A JP2013143213A JP5435760B2 JP 5435760 B2 JP5435760 B2 JP 5435760B2 JP 2013143213 A JP2013143213 A JP 2013143213A JP 2013143213 A JP2013143213 A JP 2013143213A JP 5435760 B2 JP5435760 B2 JP 5435760B2
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- lithium
- battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Description
ステル;メチルフェニルカーボネート、ブチルフェニルカーボネート、ジフェニルカーボネートなどのフェニル基を有する炭酸エステル;プロピオン酸フェニル;ビフェニル;などを例示することができる。中でも、芳香環にアルキル基が結合した化合物が好ましく、シクロヘキシルベンゼンが特に好ましく用いられる。
LixM1 yM2 zM3 vO2 (1)
LiaM4 bM5 cM6 dO2 (2)
<正極の作製>
LiCo0.998Mg0.0008Ti0.0004Al0.0008O2[平均粒子径12μm、正極活物質(A)]とLiCo0.994Mg0.0024Ti0.0012Al0.0024O2[平均粒子径5μm、正極活物質(B)]を質量比65:35で混合したもの:97.3質量部、および導電助剤としての炭素材料:1.5質量部を、粉体供給装置である定量フィーダ内に投入し、また、10質量%濃度のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)のNMP溶液の投入量を調整し、混練時の固形分濃度が常に94質量%になるように調整した材料を、単位時間あたり所定の投入量になるように制御しつつ二軸混練押出機に投入して混練を行い、正極合剤含有ペーストを調製した。
定のサイズに切断後、アルミニウム製のリード体を溶接して、シート状の正極を作製した。加圧処理後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.86g/cm3であり、正極合剤層の厚み(両面の厚み、すなわち、正極の総厚みから正極集電体のアルミニウム箔の厚みを引いた厚み、以下同じ)は135μmであった。
負極活物質として黒鉛系炭素材料(A)[純度99.9%以上、平均粒子径18μm、002面の面間距離(d002)=0.3356nm、c軸方向の結晶子の大きさ(Lc)=100nm、R値(波長514.5nmのアルゴンレーザーで励起させた時のラマンスペクトルにおける1350cm−1付近のピーク強度と1580cm−1付近のピーク強度との比〔R=I1350/I1580〕)=0.18]:70質量部と、黒鉛系炭素材料(B)[純度99.9%以上、平均粒子径21μm、d002=0.3363nm、Lc=60nm、R値=0.11]:30質量部とを混合し、この混合物98質量部と、カルボキシメチルセルロース:1質量部とスチレンブタジエンゴム1質量部とを、水の存在下で混合してスラリー状の負極合剤含有ぺーストを調製した。得られた負極合剤含有ぺーストを、厚みが10μmの銅箔からなる負極集電体の両面に塗布し、乾燥して負極合剤層を形成し、ローラーで負極合剤層の密度が1.75g/cm3になるまで加圧処理し、所定のサイズに切断後、ニッケル製のリード体を溶接して、シート状の負極を作製した。
メチルエチルカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートとエチレンカーボネートとを体積比1:3:2で混合した混合溶媒に、LiPF6を1.4mol/lの濃度になるように溶解し、これにスクシノニトリル0.2質量%、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)3質量%を加えて非水電解液を調製した。
上記正極と負極を微孔性ポリエチレンフィルムからなるセパレータ[空孔率53%、MD方向引張強度:2.1×108N/m2、TD方向引張強度:0.28×108N/m2、厚さ16μm、透気度80秒/100ml、105℃×8時間後のTD方向の熱収縮率3%、突き刺し強度:3.5N(360g)]を介して渦巻状に巻回し、巻回構造の電極体にした後、角形の電池ケース内に挿入するために加圧して扁平状巻回構造の電極体にした。それをアルミニウム合金製で角形の電池ケース内に挿入し、正・負極リード体の溶接と蓋板の電池ケースへの開口端部へのレーザー溶接を行い、封口用蓋板に設けた注入口から上記の非水電解液を電池ケース内に注入し、非水電解液をセパレータなどに十分に浸透させた後、部分充電を行い、部分充電で発生したガスを排出後、注入口を封止して密閉状態にした。その後、充電、エイジングを行い、図1に示すような構造で図2に示すような外観を有し、幅が34.0mmで、厚みが4.0mmで、高さが50.0mmの角形の非水二次電池を得た。
非水電解液に、スクシノニトリルに代えてグルタロニトリルを添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
非水電解液に、スクシノニトリルに代えてアジポニトリルを添加した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
非水電解液におけるスクシノニトリルの添加量を、0.5質量%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
非水電解液におけるスクシノニトリルの添加量を、1.0質量%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質(A)をLiCo0.9988Mg0.0008Ti0.0004O2(平均粒径12μm)、正極活物質(B)をLiCo0.9964Mg0.0024Ti0.0012O2(平均粒径5μm)に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。加圧処理後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.79g/cm3であった。また、金属元素M2の含有量と金属元素M5の含有量とに関して、正極活物質(B)は、正極活物質(A)に対して、モル基準で、Mgが3倍、Tiが3倍、Alが3倍であった。
正極活物質(A)と正極活物質(B)の混合比を、(A):(B)=90:10(質量比)に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。加圧処理後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.75g/cm3であった。
正極活物質に、LiCo0.998Mg0.0008Ti0.0004Al0.0008O2[平均粒径12μm、正極活物質(A)]と、LiCo0.994Mg0.0024Ti0.0012Al0.0024O2[平均粒径5μm、正極活物質(B)]を、正極活物質(A):正極活物質(B)=50:50(質量比)で混合したものを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。加圧処理後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.76g/cm3であった。また、金属元素M2の含有量と金属元素M5の含有量とに関して、正極活物質(B)は、正極活物質(A)に対して、モル基準で、Mgが3倍、Tiが3倍、Alが3倍であった。
正極活物質(A)をLiCo0.998Mg0.0008Ti0.0004Sn0.0008O2(平均粒径14μm)に、および正極活物質(B)をLiCo0.994Mg0.0024Ti0.0012Sn0.0024O2(平均粒径6μm)に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。加圧処理後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.76g/cm3であった。また、金属元素M2の含有量と金属元素M5の含有量とに関して、正極活物質(B)は、正極活物質(A)に対して、モル基準で、Mgが3倍、Tiが3倍、Snが3倍であった。
正極活物質(A)をLiCo0.998Mg0.0008Zr0.0004Al0.0008O2(平均粒径13μm)に、および正極活物質(B)をLiCo0.994Mg0.0024Zr0.0012Al0.0024O2(平均粒径5μm)に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。加圧処理後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.8g/cm3であった。また、金属元素M2の含有量と金属元素M5の含有量とに関して、正極活物質(B)は、正極活物質(A)に対して、モル基準で、Mgが3倍、Zrが3倍、Alが3倍であった。
正極活物質(A)をLiCo0.998Mg0.0008Ge0.0004Al0.0008O2(平均粒径12μm)に、および正極活物質(B)をLiCo0.994Mg0.0024Ge0.0012Al0.0024O2(平均粒径6μm)に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。加圧処理後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.79g/cm3であった。また、金属元素M2の含有量と金属元素M5の含有量とに関して、正極活物質(B)は、正極活物質(A)に対して、モル基準で、Mgが3倍、Geが3倍、Alが3倍であった。
正極活物質(B)をLiCo0.334Ni0.33Mn0.33Mg0.0024Ti0.0012Al0.0024O2(平均粒径5μm)に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。加圧処理後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.72g/cm3であった。また、金属元素M2の含有量と金属元素M5の含有量とに関して、正極活物質(B)は、正極活物質(A)に対して、モル基準で、Mgが3倍、Tiが3倍、Alが3倍であった。
正極活物質をLiCo0.998Mg0.0008Ti0.0004Al0.0008O2(平均粒径12μm、dp/dM=1.0)のみに変更し、非水電解液にスクシノニトリルを添加しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水二次電池を作製した。加圧処理後の正極合剤層の密度(正極の密度)は3.7g/cm3であった。本比較例は実施例1における大粒径の活物質[正極活物質(A)]のみを用い、非水電解液に、分子内にニトリル基を2以上有する化合物を添加しなかった例である。
実施例1〜12および比較例1の各電池について、室温で1CmAで3.0Vまで放電させた後、1Cで4.2Vまでの定電流充電と、その後4.2Vでの定電圧充電を行い(定電流充電と定電圧充電との総充電時間2.5時間)、0.2CmAで3.0Vまで放電させ、そのときの放電容量を求めた。上記と同じ条件での充放電を5回繰り返し、5サイクル目の放電容量を、充放電サイクル後の放電容量として評価した。結果を表1に示すが、これらの表では、各電池について得られた充放電サイクル後の放電容量を、比較例1の電池の充放電サイクル時の放電容量を100としたときの相対値で示す。
実施例1〜12および比較例1の各電池について、1Cで4.2Vまでの定電流充電と、その後4.2Vでの定電圧充電を行い(定電流充電と定電圧充電との総充電時間2.5時間)、1CmAで3.0Vまで放電させた。その後、1Cで4.2Vまでの定電流充電と、その後4.2Vでの定電圧充電を行い(定電流充電と定電圧充電との総充電時間2.5時間)、電池の厚み(貯蔵前厚み)を測定した。厚み測定後の各電池を85℃の恒温槽に24時間貯蔵し、恒温槽から取り出して4時間放置した後に、再び電池の厚み(貯蔵後厚み)を測定した。上記の貯蔵前厚みと貯蔵後厚みから、下記式に従って、貯蔵による電池の厚み変化率を求めた。結果を表1に併記する。
厚み変化率(%)=(貯蔵後厚み)÷(貯蔵前厚み)×100−100
2 負極
3 セパレータ
Claims (4)
- 正極合剤層を有する正極、負極および非水電解質を備えた非水二次電池であって、
上記正極は、活物質として、平均粒子径の異なる2種以上のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を用いており、
上記平均粒子径の異なる2種以上のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物のうち、最大の平均粒子径を有するものは、下記一般式(2)
LiaM4 bM5 cM6 dO2 (2)
〔ここで、上記一般式(2)中、M4は、Co、NiまたはMnのうちの少なくとも1種の遷移金属元素、M5は、MgとTi、Zr、Ge、Nb、AlおよびSnよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属元素とであり、M6は、Li、M4およびM5以外の元素であり、0.97≦a<1.02、0.8≦b<1.02、0.0002≦c≦0.02、0≦d≦0.02である。〕で表される化合物であり、
上記正極合剤層は、密度が3.5g/cm3以上であり、
上記非水電解質が、分子内にニトリル基を2以上有する化合物を含有していることを特徴とする非水二次電池。 - 分子内にニトリル基を2以上有する化合物の含有量が、非水電解質全量に対して0.005〜1質量%の非水電解質を用いたものである請求項1に記載の非水二次電池。
- 正極の活物質として、平均粒子径の異なる2種のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を用い、
正極の有する全リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物のうち、最大の平均粒子径を有するリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物の含有量が、40質量%以上である請求項1または2に記載の非水二次電池。 - 非水電解質が、分子内にニトリル基を2以上有する化合物として、スクシノニトリル、アジポニトリル、またはグルタロニトリルを含有している請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の非水二次電池。
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