JP2004131058A - 空調装置 - Google Patents
空調装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004131058A JP2004131058A JP2003276654A JP2003276654A JP2004131058A JP 2004131058 A JP2004131058 A JP 2004131058A JP 2003276654 A JP2003276654 A JP 2003276654A JP 2003276654 A JP2003276654 A JP 2003276654A JP 2004131058 A JP2004131058 A JP 2004131058A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
- F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
- B60H1/00328—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices of the liquid-air type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
- B60H1/00342—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices of the liquid-liquid type
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00885—Controlling the flow of heating or cooling liquid, e.g. valves or pumps
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- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
- B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
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- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/04—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant from cooling liquid of the plant
- B60H1/08—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant from cooling liquid of the plant from other radiator than main radiator
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
- F28D1/0461—Combination of different types of heat exchanger, e.g. radiator combined with tube-and-shell heat exchanger; Arrangement of conduits for heat exchange between at least two media and for heat exchange between at least one medium and the large body of fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00949—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising additional heating/cooling sources, e.g. second evaporator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00957—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising locations with heat exchange within the refrigerant circuit itself, e.g. cross-, counter-, or parallel heat exchange
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3286—Constructional features
- B60H2001/3298—Ejector-type refrigerant circuits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/009—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for indoor unit in circulation with outdoor unit in first operation mode, indoor unit in circulation with an other heat exchanger in second operation mode or outdoor unit in circulation with an other heat exchanger in third operation mode
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02791—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using shut-off valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2327/00—Refrigeration system using an engine for driving a compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2341/00—Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
- F25B2341/001—Ejectors not being used as compression device
- F25B2341/0012—Ejectors with the cooled primary flow at high pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
- F25B2400/0407—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the ejector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
- F28D2021/0091—Radiators
- F28D2021/0096—Radiators for space heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2215/00—Fins
- F28F2215/02—Arrangements of fins common to different heat exchange sections, the fins being in contact with different heat exchange media
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Abstract
【解決手段】 エンジン冷却水を熱源として室内に吹き出す空気を加熱するヒータ機能と高圧冷媒を熱源とするヒータ機能とを1つの熱交換器(空調装置用加熱器1)とするとともに、急速暖房時には、バイパス通路23と空調装置用加熱器1との間でエンジン冷却水を循環させてエンジン20を流出したエンジン冷却水が空調装置用加熱器1に流れ込むことを停止させた状態で空調装置用加熱器1に高圧冷媒を循環させる。これにより、空調装置の小型化を図って空調装置の車両への搭載性を向上させつつ、急速暖房能力を高めることができる。
【選択図】 図1
Description
本実施形態は、本発明に係る空調装置を車両用空調装置に適用したもので、図1は本実施形態に係る空調装置用加熱器1を用いた車両用空調装置の模式図であり、図2は加熱器1の模式図であり、図3は図2のA−A断面図である。
なお、本実施形態では、フィン6として波状のコルゲートフィンを採用しているが本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
圧縮機31は走行用のエンジン20から動力を得て冷媒を吸入圧縮するもので、室外熱交換器32は冷媒と室外空気とを熱交換するもので、室内熱交換器33は室内に吹き出す空気と冷媒とを熱交換するもので、この室内熱交換器33は、室内に吹き出す空気の通路を構成する空調ケーシング7内において、空調装置用加熱器1より空気流れ上流側に配置されている。
エジェクタ34は冷却された高圧冷媒を減圧膨張させて蒸発した気相冷媒を吸引するとともに、膨張エネルギーを圧力エネルギーに変換して圧縮機31の吸入圧を上昇させるものである。
次に、エンジン冷却水系について述べる(図1参照)。
この運転モードは、夏場ごとく主に冷房運転を行う時期、または春及び秋のごとく、エンジン冷却水にて加熱された温風またはバイパス通路9を通過する加熱されていない冷風のみでは、車室内に吹き出す空気の温度を所望の温度にすることができず、エアミックスドア8にて冷風と温風とを混合して吹出空気の温度を調節する必要がある時期に実行されるモードである。
この運転モードは、エンジン始動直後等のエンジン冷却水温度が低く(例えば、40℃未満)、エンジン冷却水のみでは十分な暖房能力を得ることができない場合に実施されるモードである。
この運転モードは、エンジン始動直後等のエンジン冷却水温度が低い(例えば、40℃未満)状態で、室内を除湿しながら暖房を行うモードである。
この運転モードは、エンジン冷却水温度が室内に吹き出す空気を加熱するに十分な温度(例えば、40℃以上)となったときに実施されるモードである。
そして、エンジン冷却水の温度が十分に上昇したとき(例えば、暖機運転終了温度である80℃以上となったとき)には、圧縮機31を停止してエンジン冷却水のみで室内に吹き出す空気を加熱する。
上述の実施形態では、蒸気圧縮式冷凍機30は、室内に吹き出す空気を冷却しながら加熱することができるものであったが、本実施形態は、図9に示すように、蒸気圧縮式冷凍機30は加熱及び冷却のいずれか一方のみ可能とし、かつ、バイパス通路23及び切替弁24を廃止したものである。
上述の実施形態(図2)では、チューブ2、3の長手方向は上下方向に一致していたが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えばチューブ2、3の長手方向を水平方向に一致させてもよい。
32…室外熱交換器、33…室内熱交換器、34…エジェクタ、
35…アキュムレータ、36…減圧器、37…内部熱交換器。
Claims (8)
- 廃熱及び蒸気圧縮式冷凍機の高圧側冷媒を熱源として室内の暖房を行う空調装置にて適用される空調装置用加熱器であって、
室内に吹き出す空気中にさらされ、前記廃熱により加熱された流体が流れる流体チューブ(2)と、
室内に吹き出す空気中にさらされ、前記高圧側冷媒が流れる冷媒チューブ(3)とを備え、
前記流体チューブ(2)と前記冷媒チューブ(3)とは、室内に吹き出す空気の流れに対して並列に並んでいることを特徴とする空調装置用加熱器。 - 前記流体チューブ(2)と前記冷媒チューブ(3)とは、室内に吹き出す空気の流れに対して並列に並んだ状態で、室内に吹き出す空気の流れと略直交する方向に交互に並んでいることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空調装置用加熱器。
- 前記流体チューブ(2)と前記冷媒チューブ(3)とは、前記流体と前記高圧側冷媒との間で熱交換ができるように配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の空調装置用加熱器。
- 前記流体チューブ(2)と前記冷媒チューブ(3)とは、直接接触した状態で配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の空調装置用加熱器。
- 前記流体チューブ(2)と前記冷媒チューブ(3)とは、その長手方向が略平行にとなるように配置されており、
前記流体チューブ(2)の長手方向一端側には、複数本の前記流体チューブ(2)に連通する流体タンク(4)が設けられ、
前記流体チューブ(2)の長手方向他端側となる前記冷媒チューブ(3)の長手方向一端側には、複数本の冷媒チューブ(3)に連通する冷媒タンク(5)が設けられ、
前記流体チューブ(2)は、その長手方向他端側にて、内部を流れる流体の流通方向が略180°転向するように構成されており、
さらに、前記冷媒チューブ(3)は、その長手方向他端側にて、内部を流れる冷媒の流通方向が略180°転向するように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか1つに記載の空調装置用加熱器。 - 前記流体チューブ(2)と前記冷媒チューブ(3)とに接触するフィン(6)を有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれか1つに記載の空調装置用加熱器。
- 室内に吹き出す空気が流れる空調ケーシング(7)と、
前記空調ケーシング(7)内に配置された請求項1ないし6のいずれか1つに記載の空調装置用加熱器(1)とを備え、
室内に吹き出す空気を加熱する場合であって、前記廃熱源(20)から流出する流体の温度が所定温度未満のときには、前記廃熱源(20)を流出した流体が前記空調装置用加熱器(1)に流れ込むことを停止させた状態で前記冷媒チューブ(3)に前記高圧冷媒を循環させることを特徴とする空調装置。 - 室内に吹き出す空気が流れる空調ケーシング(7)と、
前記空調ケーシング(7)内に配置された請求項1ないし6のいずれか1つに記載の空調装置用加熱器(1)とを備え、
室内に吹き出す空気を加熱する場合であって、前記廃熱源(20)から流出する流体の温度が所定温度未満のときには、前記廃熱源(20)を流出した流体が前記空調装置用加熱器(1)に流れ込むことを停止させた状態で前記空調装置用加熱器(1)に流体を循環させつつ、前記冷媒チューブ(3)に前記高圧冷媒を循環させることを特徴とする空調装置。
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