HK1058016A1 - Alumina trihydrate derived high pore volume, hogh surface area aluminum oxide composites and methodsof their preparation and use - Google Patents
Alumina trihydrate derived high pore volume, hogh surface area aluminum oxide composites and methodsof their preparation and useInfo
- Publication number
- HK1058016A1 HK1058016A1 HK04100799A HK04100799A HK1058016A1 HK 1058016 A1 HK1058016 A1 HK 1058016A1 HK 04100799 A HK04100799 A HK 04100799A HK 04100799 A HK04100799 A HK 04100799A HK 1058016 A1 HK1058016 A1 HK 1058016A1
- Authority
- HK
- Hong Kong
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum oxide
- hogh
- methodsof
- preparation
- alumina trihydrate
- Prior art date
Links
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 5
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/12—Silica and alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/66—Pore distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/44—Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water
- C01F7/447—Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water by wet processes
- C01F7/448—Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water by wet processes using superatmospheric pressure, e.g. hydrothermal conversion of gibbsite into boehmite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/60—Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/50—Agglomerated particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/14—Pore volume
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/16—Pore diameter
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US46817799A | 1999-12-21 | 1999-12-21 | |
US09/482,735 US6403526B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2000-01-13 | Alumina trihydrate derived high pore volume, high surface area aluminum oxide composites and methods of their preparation and use |
PCT/US2000/034073 WO2001045838A1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2000-12-18 | Alumina trihydrate derived high pore volume, high surface area aluminum oxide composites and methods of their preparation and use |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
HK1058016A1 true HK1058016A1 (en) | 2004-04-30 |
Family
ID=27042306
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
HK04100799A HK1058016A1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2004-02-06 | Alumina trihydrate derived high pore volume, hogh surface area aluminum oxide composites and methodsof their preparation and use |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1239954B1 (xx) |
JP (1) | JP2003517993A (xx) |
CN (1) | CN1213800C (xx) |
AT (1) | ATE378106T1 (xx) |
AU (1) | AU774693B2 (xx) |
BR (1) | BR0016491B1 (xx) |
CA (1) | CA2394534C (xx) |
DE (1) | DE60037136D1 (xx) |
DK (1) | DK1239954T3 (xx) |
HK (1) | HK1058016A1 (xx) |
ID (1) | ID28673A (xx) |
MX (1) | MXPA02006039A (xx) |
RU (1) | RU2259232C2 (xx) |
SK (1) | SK287685B6 (xx) |
WO (1) | WO2001045838A1 (xx) |
Families Citing this family (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6303531B1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-10-16 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Hydrothermally stable high pore volume aluminum oxide/swellable clay composites and methods of their preparation and use |
KR100560223B1 (ko) * | 2002-06-05 | 2006-03-10 | 삼성코닝 주식회사 | 고정도 연마용 금속 산화물 분말 및 이의 제조방법 |
US7125536B2 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2006-10-24 | Millennium Inorganic Chemicals, Inc. | Nano-structured particles with high thermal stability |
DE102005032427A1 (de) | 2005-07-12 | 2007-01-18 | Degussa Ag | Aluminiumoxid-Dispersion |
JP5192652B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-31 | 2013-05-08 | 日本インスツルメンツ株式会社 | 水銀還元用触媒、水銀変換ユニットおよびこれを用いた排気ガス中の全水銀測定装置 |
CN101679051A (zh) * | 2007-03-16 | 2010-03-24 | 莎尤纳诺新加坡私人有限公司 | 用于合成粘土颗粒的方法 |
CN102311133B (zh) * | 2010-07-07 | 2014-12-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种整体式大孔氧化铝及其制备方法 |
CA2818413C (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2020-06-02 | Rhodia Operations | Sulfur tolerant alumina catalyst support |
CN102381722B (zh) * | 2011-08-10 | 2013-10-23 | 郭万里 | 活性氧化铝的制备方法及由该方法制备的产品 |
FR2984180A1 (fr) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-21 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de fabrication de particules spheroidales d'alumine |
NL2010946C2 (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2014-07-15 | China Petroleum & Chemical | An alumina-based sulfur recovery catalyst and preperation method for the same. |
CN103498683B (zh) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-06-03 | 同济大学 | 基于快凝复合砂浆和纤维编织网的隧道早强快速加固方法 |
CN103466669B (zh) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-11-05 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 一种由氢氧化铝水热合成拟薄水铝石的方法 |
FR3022161B1 (fr) * | 2014-06-13 | 2021-05-07 | Ifp Energies Now | Catalyseur a phase active de nickel comalaxee mesoporeux et macroporeux ayant un diametre median macroporeux superieur a 300 nm et son utilisation en hydrogenation |
FR3022158B1 (fr) * | 2014-06-13 | 2018-02-23 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Catalyseur mesoporeux d'hydroconversion de residus et methode de preparation |
FR3022160B1 (fr) * | 2014-06-13 | 2021-05-07 | Ifp Energies Now | Catalyseur a phase active de nickel comalaxee mesoporeux et macroporeux ayant un diametre median macroporeux compris entre 50 et 300 nm et son utilisation en hydrogenation |
RU2577359C1 (ru) * | 2014-10-02 | 2016-03-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью ООО "Компания "Новые технологии" Республика Башкортостан | Способ получения адсорбента |
CN104445317B (zh) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-09-14 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 一种改性拟薄水铝石的制备方法 |
US10633596B2 (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2020-04-28 | Basf Corporation | FCC catalyst having alumina derived from crystalline boehmite |
RU2679156C1 (ru) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-02-06 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт химии твердого тела Уральского отделения Российской академии наук | Способ модифицирования порошка алюминия |
KR20210019448A (ko) * | 2018-06-15 | 2021-02-22 | 더블유.알. 그레이스 앤드 캄파니-콘. | 소포 활성제, 이의 제조 방법, 및 소포 제형 |
CA3108938A1 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Composition including a plurality of abrasive particles and method of using same |
CN109721219A (zh) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-05-07 | 西安华盛坤泰能源环保科技有限公司 | 一种钻井废弃油基泥浆的处理方法及系统 |
WO2020235277A1 (ja) * | 2019-05-20 | 2020-11-26 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | ベーマイト構造体及びその製造方法 |
CN112978772B (zh) * | 2019-12-02 | 2023-01-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种多晶γ-氧化铝八面体颗粒及其制备方法 |
CN114426299B (zh) * | 2020-10-14 | 2024-05-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种大孔氧化铝材料的制备方法 |
CN112473725B (zh) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-09-20 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种改性分子筛催化剂的制备方法及连续合成3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁醇的方法 |
CN112341694A (zh) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-09 | 杭州富通通信技术股份有限公司 | 一种耐电痕光缆及其制备方法 |
KR102519675B1 (ko) * | 2020-11-25 | 2023-04-10 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 수산화알루미늄 분말을 이용한 보헤마이트의 제조방법 |
CN114644352B (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2024-02-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种双孔分布氧化铝球形颗粒及其制备方法 |
WO2022196025A1 (ja) | 2021-03-19 | 2022-09-22 | 日揮触媒化成株式会社 | シリカアルミナ粉末、シリカアルミナ粉末の製造方法、流動接触分解触媒およびその製造方法 |
RU2762571C1 (ru) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-12-21 | Акционерное общество «Газпромнефть - Омский НПЗ» (АО «Газпромнефть - ОНПЗ») | Гидроксид алюминия |
CN115466107B (zh) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-06-30 | 湖南圣瓷科技有限公司 | 一种具有粗晶-细晶复合显微结构特征的氧化铝陶瓷及其应用 |
CN116730376B (zh) * | 2023-06-20 | 2024-01-26 | 济南大学 | 一种单硫型水化硫铝酸钙及其抗氯侵蚀外加剂、制备方法与应用 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4301037A (en) * | 1980-04-01 | 1981-11-17 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Extruded alumina catalyst support having controlled distribution of pore sizes |
US5194243A (en) * | 1983-09-22 | 1993-03-16 | Aluminum Company Of America | Production of aluminum compound |
US4708945A (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1987-11-24 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Catalysts comprising silica supported on a boehmite-like surface, their preparation and use |
US4797139A (en) * | 1987-08-11 | 1989-01-10 | Norton Company | Boehmite produced by a seeded hydyothermal process and ceramic bodies produced therefrom |
US5114895A (en) * | 1990-02-22 | 1992-05-19 | Uop | Alumina clay compositions |
JPH0647280A (ja) * | 1990-12-20 | 1994-02-22 | Uop Inc | 均一層状粘土/無機酸化物を含有する触媒及びその製法 |
US5304526A (en) * | 1991-10-18 | 1994-04-19 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Silica bayerite/eta alumina |
US5338812A (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1994-08-16 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Olefin polymerization |
US6022471A (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 2000-02-08 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Mesoporous FCC catalyst formulated with gibbsite and rare earth oxide |
-
2000
- 2000-12-18 AU AU22669/01A patent/AU774693B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-18 DK DK00986429T patent/DK1239954T3/da active
- 2000-12-18 SK SK1021-2002A patent/SK287685B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-18 DE DE60037136T patent/DE60037136D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-18 EP EP00986429A patent/EP1239954B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-18 JP JP2001546774A patent/JP2003517993A/ja active Pending
- 2000-12-18 AT AT00986429T patent/ATE378106T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-18 CN CNB008191417A patent/CN1213800C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-18 CA CA002394534A patent/CA2394534C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-18 RU RU2002119423/04A patent/RU2259232C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-18 BR BRPI0016491-7A patent/BR0016491B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-18 WO PCT/US2000/034073 patent/WO2001045838A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-18 MX MXPA02006039A patent/MXPA02006039A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-20 ID IDP20001109D patent/ID28673A/id unknown
-
2004
- 2004-02-06 HK HK04100799A patent/HK1058016A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1239954A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
SK287685B6 (sk) | 2011-06-06 |
CN1213800C (zh) | 2005-08-10 |
ID28673A (id) | 2001-06-21 |
JP2003517993A (ja) | 2003-06-03 |
BR0016491B1 (pt) | 2012-01-24 |
EP1239954B1 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
BR0016491A (pt) | 2003-06-10 |
ATE378106T1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
MXPA02006039A (es) | 2002-12-09 |
RU2002119423A (ru) | 2004-01-10 |
DK1239954T3 (da) | 2008-03-25 |
CN1434745A (zh) | 2003-08-06 |
DE60037136D1 (de) | 2007-12-27 |
WO2001045838A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
AU774693B2 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
CA2394534A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
SK10212002A3 (sk) | 2004-01-08 |
CA2394534C (en) | 2007-07-17 |
RU2259232C2 (ru) | 2005-08-27 |
AU2266901A (en) | 2001-07-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
HK1058016A1 (en) | Alumina trihydrate derived high pore volume, hogh surface area aluminum oxide composites and methodsof their preparation and use | |
ZA200204576B (en) | Hydrothermally stable high pore volume aluminum oxide/swellable clay composites and methods of their preparation and use. | |
CA2395118A1 (en) | Hydrothermally stable high pore volume aluminum oxide/swellable clay composites and methods of their preparation and use | |
US6403526B1 (en) | Alumina trihydrate derived high pore volume, high surface area aluminum oxide composites and methods of their preparation and use | |
AU698422B2 (en) | Improved sol-gel alumina abrasives | |
DE69720960T2 (de) | Mikrowellen-sinterverfahren für im sol-gel hergestellte schleifkörner | |
US20150315442A1 (en) | Production Method of a Novel Polishing Alumina | |
MY117813A (en) | Alumina powder, process for producing the same and polishing composition. | |
Liu et al. | Mullite formation in kaolinite-α-alumina | |
JP5469294B2 (ja) | 構造的に強化された分解触媒 | |
EP0524436A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gesintertem Material auf Basis von alpha-Aluminiumoxid, insbesondere für Schleifmittel | |
JP2003517993A5 (xx) | ||
WO2001012551A3 (en) | Quasi-crystalline boehmites containing additives | |
EP0209084B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines keramischen, polykristallinen Schleifmittels | |
CA2083614A1 (en) | Method for the preparation of .alpha.-aluminium oxide powder | |
US3106452A (en) | Method for reducing the soda content of alumina | |
JPH05294613A (ja) | 球状コランダム粒子 | |
JPH02293371A (ja) | α―Al↓2O↓3焼結物体の製造 | |
JPH07173455A (ja) | サイアロン相含有アルミナ質焼結砥粒の製造方法 | |
JPS62297205A (ja) | 窒化アルミニウム質粉末の製造方法 | |
El-Katatny et al. | Surface and bulk properties of alumina recovered under various conditions from aluminum dross tailings chemical waste versus bauxite ore | |
TWI299726B (en) | Composite alumina monocrystallite powders for low-temperature sintering | |
Nassetti et al. | New developments in porcelain tile body grinding | |
El et al. | Surface and bulk properties of alumina recovered under various conditions from aluminum dross tailings chemical waste versus bauxite ore | |
Khanamirova | Synthesis of ultradisperse corundum from industrial waste |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PC | Patent ceased (i.e. patent has lapsed due to the failure to pay the renewal fee) |
Effective date: 20121218 |