ES2578679T3 - Solución oftálmica y para lentes de contacto mejorada - Google Patents
Solución oftálmica y para lentes de contacto mejorada Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2578679T3 ES2578679T3 ES08014693.9T ES08014693T ES2578679T3 ES 2578679 T3 ES2578679 T3 ES 2578679T3 ES 08014693 T ES08014693 T ES 08014693T ES 2578679 T3 ES2578679 T3 ES 2578679T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- solutions
- acid
- solution
- contact lenses
- ophthalmic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- 229940054534 ophthalmic solution Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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Abstract
Una solución oftálmica, que comprende dexpantenol, 0,2% de tampón fosfato y 0,0001% de polihexametilenbiguanida, en la que la solución se vuelve isotónica con cloruro de sodio, y en la que el pH se ajusta a 7,2 con hidróxido de sodio 1 N o ácido clorhídrico 1 N.
Description
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DESCRIPCION
Solucion oftalmica y para lentes de contacto mejorada Campo de la invencion
La presente invencion se refiere al campo de las soluciones oftalmicas y a sus usos. En particular, la invencion se refiere a soluciones de limpieza para lentes de contacto, a soluciones para el aclarado y el almacenamiento de lentes de contacto, a una solucion para administrar agentes farmaceuticos activos al ojo, a soluciones para desinfectar dispositivos oftalmicos y similares.
Antecedentes
La presente invencion se refiere al campo de las soluciones oftalmicas y, especialmente, a los aspectos de eficacia de conservacion y comodidad tras un uso prolongado. Estas soluciones oftalmicas se han usado durante cierto periodo de tiempo y estan disponibles como productos sin receta medica. Las soluciones que se usan en contacto directo con el tejido corneal tal como para la administracion de agente farmaceutico activo al ojo, o indirectamente, tal como para la limpieza, el acondicionamiento o el almacenamiento de dispositivos que entraran en contacto con el tejido corneal, tales como lentes de contacto, necesitan que se garantice que estas soluciones no introducen fuentes de infeccion bacteriana o con otro microbio. Por tanto, se incluyen conservantes para reducir la viabilidad de los microbios en la solucion y para reducir la posibilidad de contaminacion de la solucion por el usuario, dado que muchas de las soluciones se compran, abren, usan, cierran y despues vuelven a usarse.
Los agentes conservantes del estado de la tecnica incluyen polihexametilenbiguanida (phmb), Polyquadtm, clorhexidina y cloruro de benzalconio, y similares, todos los cuales irritan a alguna concentracion el tejido corneal y conducen a la incomodidad del usuario. Por tanto, sena deseable una solucion que emplea una cantidad dada de un agente conservante, pero que se hace mas eficaz mediante la adicion de un agente que no es un agente conservante.
El documento US-A-5.460.808 desvela una composicion de mascara que comprende agua, y emulsionado y dispersado en el agua, un componente de protema, un componente de cera vegetal y un componente de vitamina. Cada uno del componente de protema, el componente de cera vegetal y el componente de vitamina esta presente en cantidades cosmeticamente eficaces. El componente de protema puede ser polvo de seda y queratina, el componente de cera vegetal puede ser cera de rosa y cera de jazmm, y el componente de vitamina puede ser palmitato de ascorbilo, acetato de tocoferilo y pantenol. La composicion puede comprender ademas un componente antioxidante, un componente conservante, un componente emulsionante, un componente disolvente, un componente espesante, un componente hidrofobo/cereo y, al menos, un colorante. La composicion de mascara es eficaz para alargar y engrosar significativamente las pestanas de la usuaria y tiene una duracion significativamente mayor, es mas resistente al agua y mas segura para las usuarias.
GOEBBELS MARTIN; GROSS DOROTHEA en "Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde", 1996, Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, DE - ISSN 0023-2165, Vol. 209, n.° 2-3, paginas 84-88; XP009106588 desvelan que las lagrimas artificiales que contienen dexpantenol mejoran significativamente las alteraciones de la permeabilidad del epitelio corneano en comparacion con las gotas para los ojos exentas de dexpantenol.
El documento WO 95/00176 A desvela un procedimiento para evitar o tratar complicaciones oculares asociadas con hipoxia en un hospedador que necesita tal prevencion o tratamiento, que comprende administrar al ojo del hospedador una cantidad profilactica o terapeuticamente eficaz de al menos dos agentes seleccionados del grupo que consiste en un inductor de hemo-oxigenasa estable en solucion, soluble en agua, un tampon anti-acidosis permeable a membranas y un osmoprotector, asf como una composicion oftalmica acuosa para el mismo. La composicion oftalmica comprende un 0,00085 % en peso de vitamina B12 y 1 ppm de PHMB.
Sumario de la invencion
La presente invencion proporciona una solucion oftalmica como se define en la reivindicacion.
La presente divulgacion se refiere a soluciones oftalmicas mejoradas que emplean vitaminas B seleccionadas; piridoxina y sus sales; y tiamina y sus sales con el fin de conservar mas eficazmente las soluciones y reducir el grado en el que los conservantes cationicos se depositaran sobre las lentes de contacto. Se entiende en el presente documento que las soluciones oftalmicas incluyen soluciones de tratamiento para lentes de contacto, tales como limpiadores, soluciones conservadoras, soluciones de acondicionamiento y soluciones para el almacenamiento de las lentes, asf como soluciones humectantes y soluciones para los ojos para el tratamiento de afecciones oculares.
Descripcion detallada
Las soluciones descritas espedficamente en el presente documento tienen del 0,001 por ciento a aproximadamente el 1 por ciento de vitaminas B seleccionadas; piridoxina y sus sales; y tiamina y sus sales en combinacion con otros principios activos utiles en soluciones oftalmicas tales como agente de tonicidad, tampones, conservantes,
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tensioactivos y agentes antimicrobianos.
La familia B de vitaminas incluye tiamina (B1), riboflavina (B2), niacina (B3), acido pantotenico (B5), piridoxina (B6) y cobalamina (B12). Aunque cada forma de vitamina B es qmmicamente distinta, a menudo se encuentran en las mismas fuentes nutricionales y, por tanto, la deficiencia en una esta relacionada a menudo con la deficiencia en las otras formas.
Metabolicamente, trabajan entre sf para reforzar el metabolismo, potenciar la funcion del sistema nervioso e inmunitario, mantener la piel sana y el tono muscular, y promover el crecimiento y la division celulares. Tambien pueden aliviar el estres, la depresion y una enfermedad cardiovascular. Una deficiencia en una vitamina B a menudo significa que la ingestion de todas las vitaminas B es baja, que es el motivo por el cual B se proporciona a menudo como fuente nutricional en formulas de complejo B o multivitaminas.
La niacina contribuye a un gran numero de procedimientos corporales. Entre otras cosas, la niacina ayuda a convertir el alimento en energfa, formar globulos rojos, sintetizar hormonas, acidos grasos y esteroides. El cuerpo usa la niacina en el procedimiento de liberacion de energfa a partir de hidratos de carbono. La niacina es necesaria tambien para formar grasa a partir de hidratos de carbono y para procesar el alcohol. La niacina ayuda tambien a regular el colesterol.
La piridoxina es necesaria para producir serotonina, melatonina y dopamina. La vitamina B-6 es un nutriente esencial en la regulacion de los procedimientos mentales y posiblemente ayuda en el estado de animo y muchos otros asuntos de la salud.
La cobalamina es necesaria para la actividad normal de las celulas nerviosas. La vitamina B-12 tambien es necesaria para la replicacion del ADN y la produccion de la sustancia que afecta al estado de animo denominada SAMe (S-adenosil-L-metionina). La vitamina B-12 trabaja con el acido folico para controlar los niveles de homocistema. Un exceso de homocistema, que es un aminoacido (elemento estructural de las protemas), puede aumentar el riesgo de enfermedad cardiaca, accidente cerebrovascular y quizas osteoporosis y enfermedad de Alzheimer.
Otros compuestos tales como acido folico o folato son activos en combinacion con las vitaminas B y son necesarios para sintetizar ADN. El ADN permite que las celulas se repliquen de manera normal. El acido folico es especialmente importante para las celulas de un feto cuando una mujer esta embarazada. El acido folico tambien es necesario para producir SAMe y evitar que aumenten los niveles de homocistema en la sangre. El acido folico (acido pteroilglutamico) no es activo como tal en el organismo de los mairnferos, sino que mas bien se reduce enzimaticamente dando acido tetrahidrofolico (THFA), la forma de coenzima. Existe una interrelacion con el metabolismo de vitamina B12 y folato que implica adicionalmente la vitamina B6: las coenzimas del folato participan en un gran numero de reacciones metabolicas en las que hay una transferencia de una unidad de un carbono.
El acido pantotenico, tambien denominado en ocasiones coenzima A, es la forma fisiologicamente activa del acido pantotenico, y desempena un papel vital en el metabolismo como coenzima para una variedad de reacciones catabolizadas por enzimas que implican la transferencia de grupos acetilo (dos carbonos). Sorprendentemente, el acido pantotenico es esencial para el crecimiento de diversos microorganismos, incluyendo muchas cepas de bacterias patogenas.
En la forma de soluciones de aclarado para lentes de contacto y/o sistema de administracion de agente farmaceutico, las soluciones contendran, ademas de las lentes o el agente farmaceutico, del 0,0001 por ciento en peso a aproximadamente el 1,0 por ciento en peso de una de las formas de vitamina B o un cometabolito de vitamina B elegido del grupo que consiste en tiamina (B1), riboflavina (B2), niacina (B3), acido pantotenico (B5), piridoxina (B6) y cobalamina (B12), acido folico, carnitina.
Los conservantes que son utiles espedficamente son los conservantes cationicos tales como
polihexametilenbiguanida (phmb), Polyquadtm, clorhexidina y cloruro de benzalconio, asf como otros conservantes cationicos que puedan resultar utiles igualmente en la presente invencion. Los conservantes cationicos se usan en cantidades eficaces como conservantes, y en el caso de la PHMB desde el 0,0001 por ciento en peso hasta niveles superiores de aproximadamente el 0,01 por ciento en peso.
Se encontro que se manifestaba una eficacia de conservacion inesperada cuando su usaba inositol junto con el conservante cationico. Los otros componentes de la solucion se usan a niveles conocidos por los expertos en la materia con el fin de mejorar la resistencia al desgaste de lentes y cuando se usan directamente en el ojo, para proporcionar un aumento de la resistencia a la infeccion. El inositol y otros sacaridos simples usados en soluciones oftalmicas aumentan la eficacia de conservacion en ciertas formulaciones, proporcionan un aumento de la resistencia a la infeccion en el tejido corneal en ciertas formulaciones y mejoran la calidad de las lagrimas en ciertas formulaciones.
Las formulaciones tambien pueden incluir tampones tales como fosfatos, bicarbonato, citrato, borato, ACES, BES, BICINE, BIS-Tris propano, HEPES, HEPPS, imidazol, MES, MOPS, PIPES, TAPS, TES y tricina
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Los tensioactivos que podnan emplearse incluyen tensioactivos de polisorbato, tensioactivos de polioxietileno, fosfonatos, saponinas y aceites de ricino polietoxilados, pero preferiblemente los aceites de ricino polietoxilados. Estos tensioactivos estan disponibles en el mercado. Los aceites de ricino polietoxilados los vende BASF con el nombre comercial Cremaphor.
Las soluciones de la presente invencion pueden contener otros aditivos que incluyen tampones, agentes de tonicidad, demulcentes, agentes humectantes, conservantes, agentes secuestrantes (agentes quelantes), agentes tensioactivos y enzimas.
Otros aspectos incluyen la adicion a la solucion del 0,001 por ciento en peso al 1 por ciento en peso de agente quelante (preferiblemente EDTA disodico) y/o un agente microbicida adicional, (preferiblemente del 0,00001 al 0,1 o del 0,00001 al 0,01) por ciento en peso de polihexametilenbiguanida (PHMB0, N-alquil-2-pirrolidona, clorhexidina, policuartenio-1, hexetidina, bronopol, alexidina, bajas concentraciones de peroxido de hidrogeno y sales oftalmologicamente aceptables de los mismos.
Los agentes quelantes oftalmologicamente aceptables utiles en la presente invencion incluyen compuestos de acido aminocarboxflico o sales solubles en agua de los mismos, incluyendo acido etilendiaminotetraacetico, acido nitrilotriacetico, acido dietilentriaminopentaacetico, acido hidroxietiletilendiaminetriacetico, acido 1,2- diaminociclohexanotetraacetico, bis(beta-aminoetil eter) de etilenglicol en acido N,N,N',N'-tetraacetico (EGTA), acido aminodiacetico y acido hidroxietilaminodiacetico. Estos acidos pueden usarse en forma de sus sales solubles en agua, particularmente sus sales de metales alcalinos. Los agentes quelantes especialmente preferidos son las sales de di-, tri- y tetra-sodio de acido etilendiaminotetraacetico (EDTA), lo mas preferiblemente EDTA disodico (edetato disodico).
Tambien pueden usarse en la presente invencion otros agentes quelantes tales como citratos y polifosfatos. Los citratos que pueden usarse en la presente invencion incluyen acido cftrico y sus sales de mono-, di- y tri-metal alcalino. Los polifosfatos que pueden usarse incluyen pirofosfatos, trifosfatos, tetrafosfatos, trimetafosfatos, tetrametafosfatos, asf como fosfatos mas altamente condensados en la forma de las sales de metales alcalinos neutras o acidas, tales como las sales de sodio y de potasio asf como la sal de amonio.
El pH de las soluciones debe ajustarse para que sea compatible con el ojo y las lentes de contacto, tal como entre 6,0 y 8,0, preferiblemente entre 6,8 y 7,8 o entre 7,0 y 7,6. Las desviaciones significativas del valor neutro (pH 7,3) provocaran cambios en los parametros ffsicos (es decir, el diametro) en algunas lentes de contacto. Un pH bajo (pH inferior a 5,5) puede provocar el ardor y escozor de los ojos, mientras que un pH muy bajo o muy alto (inferior a 3,0 o superior a 10) puede provocar un dano ocular.
Se conocen los conservantes adicionales empleados en la presente invencion, tales como polihexametilenbiguanida, N-alquil-2-pirrolidona, clorhexidina, polihexametilenbiguanida, alexidina, policuartenio-1, hexetidina, bronopol y una concentracion muy baja de peroxido de hidrogeno, por ejemplo de 30 ppm a 200 ppm.
Las soluciones de la invencion son compatibles con ambas lentes de contacto, permeables a los gases e hidrofilas, durante el almacenamiento, la humectacion, la conservacion, el aclarado y la desinfeccion.
Una solucion acuosa tfpica de la presente invencion puede contener ingredientes adicionales que no afectaran a las caractensticas basicas y novedosas de los principios activos descritos anteriormente, tales como agentes de tonicidad, tensioactivos y agentes inductores de viscosidad, que pueden ayudar en la limpieza de la lente o bien en proporcionar lubricacion al ojo. Los agentes de tonicidad adecuados incluyen cloruro de sodio, cloruro de potasio, glicerol o mezclas de los mismos. La tonicidad de las solucion se ajusta normalmente hasta aproximadamente 240310 miliosmoles por kilogramo de solucion (mOsm/kg) para convertir la solucion en compatible con el tejido ocular y con las lentes de contacto hidrofilas. En una realizacion, la solucion contiene del 0,01 por ciento en peso al 0,2 por ciento en peso de cloruro de sodio. El factor importante es mantener las concentraciones de tales aditivos en un grado no superior al que suministrana una concentracion de cloruro de no mas de aproximadamente el 0,2 por ciento en moles.
Los agentes inductores de la viscosidad adecuados pueden incluir lecitina o los derivados de celulosa tales como hidroximetilcelulosa, hidroxipropilcelulosa y metilcelulosa en cantidades similares a las de tensioactivos, anteriormente.
Ejemplo 1 Piridoxina
Se prepararon formulaciones que contienen piridoxina HCl (Spectrum) y tiamina HCl (Fisher) en un tampon fosfato al 0,2%. Las soluciones se hicieron isotonicas con cloruro de sodio y se conservaron con polihexametilenbiguanida al 0,0001%. Se ajusto el pH a 7,2 con hidroxido de sodio 1 N o bien acido clortndrico 1 N. Se determino la actividad microbicida in vitro de las soluciones exponiendo C. albicans a 10 ml de cada solucion a temperatura ambiente durante 4 horas. Posteriormente, se diluyo en serie una alfcuota de cada solucion sobre placas de agar y se incubo durante 48 horas a temperaturas elevadas. A la conclusion del periodo de incubacion se examinaron las placas para determinar el desarrollo de colonias. Se determino la reduccion logantmica basandose en una comparacion con el inoculo de control. La siguiente tabla proporciona los resultados de los estudios in vitro.
- Aditivo
- Reduccion logantmica en 4 horas
- Piridoxina HCl (0,5%)
- 2,0
- Tampon control
- 0,8
La solucion que contiene piridoxina HCl y tiamina HCl mostro una mejora en la actividad frente a C. albicans en comparacion con el tampon de control.
Ejemplo 2 Formulaciones que contienen dexpantenol
5 Se prepararon formulaciones que contienen dexpantenol en un tampon fosfato al 0,2%. Las soluciones se hicieron isotonicas con cloruro de sodio y se conservaron con polihexametilenbiguanida al 0,0001%. Se ajusto el pH a 7,2 con hidroxido de sodio 1 N o bien acido clorhndrico 1 N. Se determino la actividad microbicida in vitro de las soluciones exponiendo C. albicans a 10 ml de cada solucion a temperatura ambiente durante 4 horas. Posteriormente, se diluyo en serie una alfcuota de cada solucion sobre placas de agar y se incubo durante 48 horas 10 a temperaturas elevadas. A la conclusion del periodo de incubacion se examinaron las placas para determinar el desarrollo de colonias. Se determino la reduccion logantmica basandose en una comparacion con el inoculo de control.
Claims (1)
- REIVINDICACIONES1. Una solucion oftalmica, que comprende dexpantenol, 0,2% de tampon fosfato y 0,0001% de polihexametilenbiguanida, en la que la solucion se vuelve isotonica con cloruro de sodio, y en la que el pH se ajusta a 7,2 con hidroxido de sodio 1 N o acido clortndrico 1 N.
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2001
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- 2001-11-08 US US10/544,149 patent/US20060078626A1/en not_active Abandoned
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