ES2296854T3 - Reemplazo de valvula endovascular. - Google Patents
Reemplazo de valvula endovascular. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2296854T3 ES2296854T3 ES02019355T ES02019355T ES2296854T3 ES 2296854 T3 ES2296854 T3 ES 2296854T3 ES 02019355 T ES02019355 T ES 02019355T ES 02019355 T ES02019355 T ES 02019355T ES 2296854 T3 ES2296854 T3 ES 2296854T3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
- A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2427—Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2427—Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
- A61F2/243—Deployment by mechanical expansion
- A61F2/2433—Deployment by mechanical expansion using balloon catheter
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2427—Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
- A61F2/2436—Deployment by retracting a sheath
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0021—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing
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- A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
- A61B17/320725—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions with radially expandable cutting or abrading elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B2017/22097—Valve removal in veins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
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- A61B2018/0022—Balloons
- A61B2018/00232—Balloons having an irregular shape
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00214—Expandable means emitting energy, e.g. by elements carried thereon
- A61B2018/0022—Balloons
- A61B2018/0025—Multiple balloons
- A61B2018/00261—Multiple balloons arranged in a line
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0008—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
- A61F2220/0016—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body with sharp anchoring protrusions, e.g. barbs, pins, spikes
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- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0067—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the distal end, e.g. tips
- A61M25/0074—Dynamic characteristics of the catheter tip, e.g. openable, closable, expandable or deformable
- A61M25/0075—Valve means
- A61M2025/0076—Unidirectional valves
- A61M2025/0078—Unidirectional valves for fluid inflow from the body into the catheter lumen
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/02—Holding devices, e.g. on the body
- A61M2025/028—Holding devices, e.g. on the body having a mainly rigid support structure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
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- A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
- A61M2025/1047—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having centering means, e.g. balloons having an appropriate shape
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- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
- A61M2025/1077—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having a system for expelling the air out of the balloon before inflation and use
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
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- A61M2210/12—Blood circulatory system
- A61M2210/125—Heart
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- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/0105—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
- A61M25/0125—Catheters carried by the bloodstream, e.g. with parachutes; Balloon catheters specially designed for this purpose
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S623/902—Method of implanting
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Abstract
Dispositivo introductor para el suministro de un dispositivo de válvula protésica (80), comprendiendo el introductor: una cápsula introductora, que comprende un elemento flexible cilíndrico que tiene un extremo distal parcialmente cerrado con una abertura en el mismo, y un extremo proximal, y que está configurada para soportar un dispositivo de válvula protésica (80) en la misma; un elemento tubular alargado que tiene un canal introductor (50) que se extiende en el mismo fijado a la abertura situada en el extremo distal de la cápsula introductora; y medios que se pueden avanzar en el interior del canal introductor (50) para suministrar un dispositivo de válvula protésica (80) colocado en el interior de dicha cápsula introductora mediante su presión desde la cápsula introductora, caracterizado por el hecho de que: (i) la cápsula introductora comprende un dispositivo expansible (70) fijado al extremo proximal configurado para soportar la cápsula introductora en una posición durante el suministro de dicho dispositivo de válvula protésica (80) y (ii) los medios de avance son un dispositivo empujador (60) que comprende un disco flexible, que tiene una abertura central y un tubo fijado en la abertura central y adaptado para su inserción en el canal introductor y que tiene un lumen interno que permite el paso de un globo de montaje y un alambre de guía a través del mismo, y cuando avanza en el interior del lumen del canal introductor avanzará el disco, y así expulsa un dispositivo de válvula protésica (80) dispuesto en el interior de dicha cápsula introductora.
Description
Reemplazo de válvula aórtica endovascular.
Esta invención hace referencia a dispositivos
para la substitución endovascular de una válvula cardiaca.
A menudo es necesario substituir válvulas
cardiacas con mal funcionamiento dentro del cuerpo humano. La
substitución de válvulas cardiacas se lleva a cabo generalmente
mediante un procedimiento quirúrgico a corazón abierto, que
requiere anestesia general, bypass cardiopulmonar total con cese
total de la actividad cardiopulmonar, entre siete y diez días de
hospitalización y meses de recuperación. La tasa de mortalidad con
este tipo de procedimiento se encuentra entre el cinco y el seis por
ciento.
Los procedimientos endovasculares para la
substitución de válvulas son una alternativa a la cirugía a corazón
abierto. Por ejemplo, en pacientes con grave enfermedad de la
válvula aórtica que están demasiado comprometidos para tolerar la
cirugía a corazón abierto, los cirujanos han empleado valvuloplastia
endovascular aórtica de globo. Este procedimiento involucra el uso
de la dilatación de un globo endovascular para dividir comisuras en
válvulas aórticas enfermas con fusión comisural y para partir placas
cálcicas en válvulas aórticas estenóticas calcificadas. Este
procedimiento proporciona un alivio solamente parcial y temporal a
un paciente con una válvula aórtica estenótica. A menudo es
necesario repetir el procedimiento en el plazo de un año desde el
primer procedimiento.
Un régimen de tratamiento alternativo es la
suplantación endovascular de la válvula. En este procedimiento, se
usan instrumentos para insertar una válvula mecánica en el lumen de
un vaso sanguíneo central vía la entrada a través de una arteria
distal, por ejemplo la arteria braquial o la femoral. Los términos
descriptivos distal y proximal, cuando se usan en esta aplicación
con relación a la vasculatura, se refieren a las direcciones más
alejada y más próxima desde el emplazamiento de procedimiento o de
substitución de la válvula, según se aplique. Se coloca un hilo de
guía a través del vaso de entrada y se dirige de manera fuoroscópica
hacia el emplazamiento deseado. A continuación se guían catéteres
flexibles sobre los hilos de guía que se usan para impulsar y
dirigir la nueva válvula a través del vaso sanguíneo hacia la
localización central deseada en las cercanías de la válvula con mal
funcionamiento donde suplanta la función de la válvula
existente.
Los procedimientos cardíacos endovasculares, en
contraste con los procedimientos quirúrgicos a corazón abierto,
requerirían solamente anestesia local, bypass cardíaco parcial o
inexistente, uno o dos días de hospitalización, y tendrían una tasa
de mortalidad reducida en comparación con los procedimientos a
corazón abierto. Sin embargo, como se discute en la bibliografía
pero nunca se pone realmente en práctica, la suplantación
endovascular de válvulas cardiacas está limitada a válvulas
mecánicas con base arterial supra-anular que
requieren un catéter de montaje alargado con origen en el punto de
entrada arterial distal con el fin de mantener la posición de la
válvula en la aorta y por lo tanto no proporcionan un sistema
permanente o internalizado. La suplantación de válvulas está
también limitada al tratamiento de válvulas aórticas regurgitantes y
no es aplicable a válvulas aórticas estenóticas o cualquier otro
tipo de válvulas cardiacas con mal funcionamiento. Además, una vez
implantadas, las válvulas mecánicas predisponen al paciente a la
formación de trombos y embolias, obligando a terapia anticoagulante
a largo plazo; las hemorragias intracraneales son un grave efecto
secundario de una terapia anticoagulante a largo plazo.
Una alternativa potencial a una válvula mecánica
es una válvula bioprotésica. Una válvula bioprotésica puede ser
tanto una válvula de homotrasplante (fresca de humano), de
alotrasplante (conservada de humano), o de xenotrasplante
(conservada de otra especie). Las válvulas de homotrasplante, en
contraste con las válvulas de xenotrasplante, se usan raramente
debido a la falta de acceso a válvulas humanas frescas. Se usan a
menudo las válvulas porcinas preservadas en glutaraldehído puesto
que son de fácil acceso y almacenamiento, y están disponibles con
una variedad de tamaños. La substitución de válvulas bioprotésicas
no predispone al paciente a la formación de trombos o embolias y,
por lo tanto, no necesita terapia anticoagulante a largo plazo. Las
válvulas bioprotésicas son actualmente un gran apoyo en la
substitución de válvulas aórticas. La substitución de válvulas
cardiacas bioprotésicas se prefiere en pacientes que no pueden
tolerar terapias anticoagulantes a largo plazo o que por otra parte
no aceptan potencialmente un régimen médico a largo plazo.
Hasta la fecha, las válvulas bioprotésicas y
mecánicas se han insertado cerca o en el emplazamiento anular
nativo por medio de cirugía a corazón abierto y, excepto con la
válvula Magovern-Cromie con la que se usan clavos
para fijar las válvulas, han sido necesarias suturas para su
fijación en el emplazamiento de inserción; no se encuentran
disponibles medios para la substitución endovascular de válvulas con
cualquier tipo de válvula. Por lo tanto, sería interesante
proporcionar medios endovasculares para: i) eliminar fácilmente una
válvula con mal funcionamiento natural o protésica, y ii) reemplazar
la válvula con mal funcionamiento por un válvula flexible sintética
o bioprotésica reemplazable de manera endovascular, fijada
independientemente sin suturas o catéter, cerca de o en el
emplazamiento anular nativo de la válvula.
La patente U.S. nº 3.671.979 de Moulopoulos,
publicada el 27 de Junio de 1972, describe una válvula a modo de
paraguas con forma cónica insertada de manera endovascular
posicionada y mantenida en su sitio mediante un catéter de montaje
alargado en un emplazamiento supra-anular de la
válvula aórtica en un vaso arterial cercano. Los puntos finales
cónicos se dirigen hacia la válvula aórtica con mal funcionamiento y
los extremos distales del paraguas se abren contra la pared de la
aorta con flujo sanguíneo inverso, impidiendo de esta manera la
regurgitación.
La patente U.S. nº 4.056.854 de Boretos,
publicada el 8 de Noviembre de 1977, describe una válvula
supra-anular insertada de manera endovascular,
montada con catéter, en la que la estructura circular entra en
contacto con la pared de la arteria y las solapas añadidas de
membrana flexible se extienden de manera distal en la vasculatura.
Las solapas se sitúan contra la pared arterial durante el flujo
hacia delante, y se cierran hacia dentro hacia el catéter central
para prevenir la regurgitación durante el flujo sanguíneo inverso.
La válvula Boretos se ha diseñado para estar situada contra la pared
arterial durante el flujo hacia delante, en comparación con la
posición medio-centro de la válvula Moulopoulos, con
el fin de reducir el estancamiento de flujo sanguíneo y la
formación de trombos y embolias consecuente esperada con una válvula
en posición medio-centro.
Dentro de las publicaciones relacionadas con la
substitución de válvulas se incluyen: "Gibbon's Surgery of the
Chest", 5ª ed., David C. Sabiston, Jr., M.D., Frank D. Spencer,
M.D., 1990, vol. 2, cap. 52, pág. 1566-1596, y
"Textbook of Interventional Cardiology", Eric J. Topol, 1990,
caps. 43-44, pág. 831-867.
La presente invención proporciona un dispositivo
introductor para el suministro de un dispositivo de válvula
protésica (80), comprendiendo el introductor:
una cápsula introductora, que comprende un
elemento flexible cilíndrico que tiene un extremo distal
parcialmente cerrado con una abertura en el mismo, y un extremo
proximal, y que está configurada para soportar un dispositivo de
válvula protésica (80) en la misma;
un elemento tubular alargado que tiene un canal
introductor (50) que se extiende en el mismo fijado a la abertura
situada en el extremo distal de la cápsula introductora; y
medios que se pueden avanzar en el interior del
canal introductor (50) para suministrar un dispositivo de válvula
protésica (80) colocado en el interior de dicha cápsula introductora
mediante su presión desde la cápsula introductora, caracterizado
por el hecho de que: (i) la cápsula introductora comprende un
dispositivo expansible (70) fijado al extremo proximal configurado
para soportar la cápsula introductora en una posición durante el
suministro de dicho dispositivo de válvula protésica (80) y (ii) los
medios de avance son un dispositivo empujador (60) que comprende un
disco flexible, que tiene una abertura central y un tubo fijado en
la abertura central y adaptado para su inserción en el canal
introductor y que tiene un lumen interno que permite el paso de un
globo de montaje y un alambre de guía a través del mismo, y cuando
avanza en el interior del lumen del canal introductor avanzará el
disco, y así expulsa un dispositivo de válvula protésica (80)
dispuesto en el interior de dicha cápsula introductora.
La Figura 1 ilustra una vista lateral de la
cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento.
La Figura 2 ilustra una vista lateral de un
dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal.
La Figura 3 ilustra una vista inferior de un
dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal.
La Figura 4 ilustra una vista superior de un
dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal.
La Figura 5 ilustra un cortador de tejido en una
posición cerrada.
La Figura 6 ilustra un cortador de tejido en una
posición abierta.
La Figura 7 ilustra una vista lateral de una
cápsula de introducción de válvulas con abrazaderas de globo
deshinchadas.
La Figura 8 ilustra una vista lateral de una
cápsula de introducción de válvulas con abrazaderas de globo
hinchadas.
La Figura 9 ilustra una vista lateral de una
cápsula de introducción de válvulas con los globos cruzando un hilo
de guía.
La Figura 10 ilustra una vista lateral de un
disco de empuje haciendo avanzar una válvula hacia fuera de la
cápsula de introducción.
La Figura 11 ilustra una válvula aórtica en
posición lateral.
La Figura 12 ilustra una válvula aórtica desde
la vista superior.
La Figura 13 ilustra una vista lateral de una
válvula aórtica con el anillo de montaje en la posición cerrada.
La Figura 14 ilustra una vista frontal de una
válvula aórtica con el anillo de montaje en la posición abierta.
La Figura 15 es una ilustración gráfica de una
vista lateral de un cambio de conformación de un clavo de montaje
con el hinchado del globo.
La presente invención se refiere a la
(suplantación o) substitución de una válvula cardiaca en un huésped
por medios endovasculares. El sistema de substitución de la válvula
incluye hasta cuatro componentes: (1) un dispositivo de válvula
protésica, (2) un dispositivo de introducción de válvula, (3) un
dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal con una cápsula del
dispositivo de procedimiento según la presente invención, y (4) un
cortador de tejido. No es necesario que todos los componentes del
sistema de la invención sean usados conjuntamente en la
substitución de la válvula; la descripción de la substitución de la
válvula usando todos los componentes es meramente explicativa.
En un procedimiento general, la cápsula del
dispositivo de procedimiento (Fig. 1), que contiene el dispositivo
de procedimiento intraluminal, se inserta en un punto de entrada en
el huésped y se usa para transportar el dispositivo intraluminal
hasta el emplazamiento deseado, sobre un hilo de guía. En el
emplazamiento, una barrera permeable selectivamente del dispositivo
de procedimiento intraluminal sale de la cápsula del dispositivo de
procedimiento, se expande de manera controlada y ajustable, y entra
en contacto con el lumen del vaso que rodea la válvula o la
prótesis antigua (Figs. 2, 3 y 4). El hilo de guía se retira del
canal de trabajo del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal
dejando el canal disponible para el paso del cortador de tejido y
los dispositivos de angioscopia, ultrasonidos, agarre de tejidos, y
de corte de tejidos. El canal se puede usar asimismo para la
irrigación o para la aplicación de aparatos de succión para la
retirada de desbridados, trombos u otros materiales.
A continuación se inserta el cortador de tejido
dentro del huésped a través del canal de trabajo del dispositivo de
procedimiento intraluminal hacia el emplazamiento de la válvula
donde se utiliza para cortar y eliminar la válvula existente de su
emplazamiento (Figs. 5 y 6). La posición exacta del cortador se
asegura mediante ecocardiografía transesofágica y ultrasonidos
intra-arteriales o intra-cardiacos,
y angioscopia. La precisión en la extracción y la substitución de
la válvula es importante para el éxito de la substitución
endovascular de la válvula. Existen varias técnicas de imagen
disponibles actualmente que proporcionan opciones complementarias
para asegurar esta precisión: 1) Se puede usar continuamente la
ecocardiografía transesofágica; 2) El paso de ultrasonidos
intra-vasculares a través del canal de trabajo del
dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal; 3) El paso de
ultrasonidos intra-vasculares por medio del sistema
venoso a través del septo intra-auricular a través
de la válvula mitral y hacia el ventrículo izquierdo; 4) Se puede
pasar un angioscopio hacia el ventrículo izquierdo de manera que
proporcionaría el beneficio añadido de permitir una imagen constante
de alta definición de todo el procedimiento y alta irrigación
sanguínea.
Cualquier residuo de tejido resultante del
procedimiento queda atrapado en la barrera del dispositivo de
procedimiento intralumnial o es eliminado del huésped mediante
succión y los dispositivos de recuperación de tejido insertados a
través del canal de trabajo del dispositivo de procedimiento
intraluminal. Los residuos de tejido son eliminados a través del
canal de trabajo del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal
mediante succión, dispositivos de agarre (por ejemplo la cesta de
Dormier o pinzas de agarre), o quedan atrapados en la barrera del
dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal para evitar embolismo. Una
vez que se ha eliminado todo el tejido necesario, la contracción
del cortador de tejido permite la eliminación del cortador de tejido
a través del canal de trabajo del dispositivo de procedimiento
intraluminal. La barrera del dispositivo de procedimiento
intraluminal se contrae y el dispositivo de procedimiento
intraluminal se retira dentro de la cápsula del dispositivo de
procedimiento que se elimina a continuación.
A continuación se inserta el dispositivo de
introducción de la válvula que contiene el dispositivo de válvula
protésica y se usa para transportar la válvula de substitución hasta
el emplazamiento de la válvula sobre un hilo de guía (Fig. 7). La
abrazadera del dispositivo de introducción de la válvula, que puede
incluir opcionalmente globos de posicionamiento en torno a la
cápsula de introducción del dispositivo de introducción de la
válvula, se hincha de manera diferencial, de manera que ciertos
globos se hinchan más o menos que otros para asegurar el
posicionamiento exacto de la válvula protésica cuando se libera
fuera de la cápsula de introducción (Fig. 8). Los medios para
empujar la válvula fuera de la cápsula de introducción, después de
que la cápsula de introducción esté en la posición apropiada, se
proporcionan con el fin de hacer avanzar el dispositivo de empuje
del dispositivo de introducción de la válvula dentro de la cápsula
(Fig. 9). Los medios para asegurar los clavos de montaje en el
emplazamiento deseado se proporcionan con el fin de hinchar un globo
dentro del dispositivo de válvula protésica y dentro del lumen del
anillo de montaje (Figs. 10-15). A continuación se
pueden deshinchar los globos de posicionamiento de la cápsula y el
globo intraluminal, y se retira el dispositivo de introducción de la
válvula.
Para apoyar la circulación del paciente durante
la substitución endovascular de la válvula aórtica será necesario
someter al paciente a bypass cardiopulmonar parcial o completo.
Existen varios medios disponibles actualmente para proporcionar
este apoyo. Por ejemplo, un procedimiento es la inserción percutánea
de cánula venosa y arterial con descompresión del ventrículo
izquierdo mediante la inserción de una línea arterial pulmonar que
permite la aspiración de sangre y una marcada disminución del
llenado ventricular izquierdo, y la expulsión.
\newpage
La invención proporciona varias ventajas,
incluyendo la capacidad de sustituir o suplantar válvulas o
prótesis cardiacas o de otro tipo existentes mediante medios
endovasculares sin sutura que eliminan los superiores riesgos,
costes y complicaciones de los procedimientos quirúrgicos a corazón
abierto. Este dispositivo de válvula protésica, preferiblemente
usando una bioprótesis u otra prótesis flexible resistente a los
trombos para las laminillas de la válvula, eliminará la necesidad
de terapia anticoagulante permanente para el huésped. Una vez
insertada, la válvula puede operar de manera autónoma. Además, las
válvulas de substitución bioprotésicas en el pasado han necesitado
suturas y, por lo tanto, cirugía a corazón abierto para la fijación
en el anillo o emplazamiento vascular. El dispositivo de montaje
usado con la válvula del sistema permite que el sistema se fije
mediante medios endovasculares sin necesidad de suturas. El
dispositivo de válvula protésica se inserta en base permanente, y
permanece durante la vida de la válvula incorporada en el
dispositivo. Por ejemplo, la vida de una válvula bioprotésica puede
ser superior a veinte años. Futuros desarrollos pueden proporcionar
válvulas protésicas alternativas con una vida sensiblemente
superior. Puesto que la mayoría de los pacientes que no pueden
tolerar los procedimientos a corazón abierto son personas mayores,
la válvula bioprotésica generalmente sobrepasará la vida del
paciente. El dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal y el cortador
permiten la novedosa capacidad de llevar a cabo procedimientos
endovasculares sin los graves efectos laterales de provocar la
circulación de residuos sueltos y otros émbolos dentro de la
vasculatura.
A continuación se describirán los componentes
del sistema de substitución de la válvula. La cápsula del
dispositivo de procedimiento comprende un manguito cilíndrico hecho
de un material flexible duradero, por ejemplo teflón recubierto de
poliuretano u otros materiales que tengan las siguientes
características: una flexibilidad tal que se pueda maniobrar
fácilmente a través de la vasculatura, una duración tal que pueda
resistir el contacto abrasivo y la presión de los instrumentos
insertados y contenidos dentro de él, y no trombogenia de manera
que los coágulos sanguíneos no se desarrollen ni se adhieran a su
superficie. La cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento posee una
superficie externa generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna
generalmente cilíndrica con un diseño de malla o tamiz. Se
caracteriza por su capacidad para contener la barrera del
dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal y otros dispositivos que
se podrían usar de manera intraluminal, y de transporte
intraluminal. El dispositivo se introduce sobre un hilo de guía
hacia dicho emplazamiento (Fig. 1).
Se proporcionan medios para retirar parcialmente
la cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento (15) para permitir la
expansión total del dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal con el
fin de tener el extremo distal de la cápsula del dispositivo de
procedimiento y el extremo proximal del canal de trabajo (5) del
dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal enroscados juntos
mediante un mecanismo de tornillo (10). En la rotación del canal de
trabajo sobre las roscas de la cápsula del dispositivo de
procedimiento, el dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal se
puede hacer avanzar dentro y fuera de la cápsula del dispositivo de
procedimiento. Después de la finalización del trabajo, el
dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal se puede retirar dentro de
la cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento y a continuación se
puede asegurar dentro de la cápsula mediante la rotación del canal
de trabajo sobre las roscas de la cápsula del dispositivo de
procedimiento en dirección inversa (Fig. 2).
El dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal
ayuda a la realización de los procedimientos intraluminales por vía
endovascular u otros medios intraluminales y comprende una capa (la
"barrera") y un tubo (el "canal de trabajo"). La barrera
(20) comprende un cono a modo de paraguas con una superficie externa
generalmente cónica y una superficie interna generalmente cónica
(Fig. 2). Entre los materiales para la fabricación del cono se
incluyen materiales flexibles, duraderos, y permeables
selectivamente (de manera que solamente ciertos tamaños de
partícula puedan pasar a su través) como por ejemplo malla de
polipropileno, poliéster, dacron, o nylon sobre soporte de acero
inoxidable. La punta del cono está perforada para permitir una
salida del canal de trabajo y puntos aguas abajo de la vasculatura.
La barrera se suspende sobre el trípode de acero inoxidable (Fig.
3). Unido circunferencialmente a la barrera se encuentra un
dispositivo de expansión (25, la "abrazadera"), como un globo
(Fig. 4). El globo puede tener entre cuatro y veinte segmentos, cada
uno de ellos separado mediante un diafragma. Cada segmento del
globo posee hinchado separado, un canal de deshinchado que permite
que cada segmento tenga un hinchado diferencial dirigido desde un
control central externo. El dispositivo externo para el hinchado
y/o deshinchado de cada segmento de la abrazadera está compuesto de
medios como jeringuillas o cilindros de aire comprimido en
paralelo. Cada uno posee una válvula en serie que permite el
hinchado cuando se aplica presión y el deshinchado activo o pasivo
cuando se abre. El hinchado diferencial de cada segmento de globo
permite cambios sutiles en el ángulo del canal de trabajo con
respecto al emplazamiento de la válvula. Una vez hinchada, la
barrera se caracteriza por su capacidad de permitir el flujo
sanguíneo a través de su superficie permeable impidiendo la presión
hacia atrás y la embolia, y de proporcionar una región de
procedimiento de trabajo unida mediante la superficie interna de la
barrera y que se extiende desde los extremos distales de la barrera
próximamente hacia la vasculatura y el corazón (Fig. 2).
El tubo del dispositivo de procedimiento
intraluminal, el canal de trabajo, comprende un cilindro alargado
flexible. El canal de trabajo está fabricado de un material flexible
duradero, por ejemplo teflón recubierto de poliuretano u otros
materiales que tengan las siguientes características: flexibilidad,
durabilidad, y no trombogenia. El tubo tiene una superficie externa
generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna generalmente
cilíndrica. El extremo proximal abierto del canal de trabajo está
unido en torno a la punta cónica perforada de la barrera y su
extremo distal se extiende fuera y a través del punto de entrada
vascular. Para su uso en un humano adulto, el canal de trabajo
tiene preferiblemente un diámetro interno de aproximadamente 0.5 a
10 milímetros que le hace capaz de proporcionar un paso para
instrumentos como por ejemplo dispositivos de ultrasonidos, de
angioscopia, de desbridamiento, de succión, de irrigación, o de
recuperación, y el cortador de tejido, desde el exterior del
huésped hasta la región de procedimiento de trabajo. Para su uso en
un huésped distinto a un humano adulto, se puede aumentar o
disminuir este intervalo de tamaños del diámetro interno en función
del tamaño del huésped y del lumen. También puede ser útil disponer
de succión o irrigación aplicadas al canal de trabajo.
El cortador de tejido comprende al menos una
cuchilla proximal y un cable. La cuchilla proximal (45) comprende
una cuchilla plegable de bisagra (30) con una longitud variando
entre aproximadamente 1,0 y 20 milímetros y con superficies de
corte afiladas. Este intervalo de longitudes de la cuchilla se puede
aumentar o disminuir dependiendo del tamaño del huésped y del
lumen. Por otra parte, la cuchilla proximal puede comprender un
cable flexible capaz de girar a alta velocidad que proporcionaría
un contacto de corte con el tejido. La cuchilla está fabricada de
un material duradero rígido, por ejemplo acero inoxidable o elgiloy.
La cuchilla proximal se caracteriza por su capacidad de paso a
través del canal de trabajo hasta la región de procedimiento de
trabajo en un estado no extendido, a continuación su propia
extensión para permitir el corte de cualquier tejido no deseado y
finalmente su retorno a su estado no extendido. Se pueden añadir
cuchillas adicionales a la cuchilla proximal con el fin de aumentar
la capacidad de corte del cortador de tejido (Figs. 5, 6). Por
ejemplo, se pueden añadir a los extremos distales de la cuchilla
proximal dos cuchillas distales más cortas de aproximadamente 0,5 a
5,0 milímetros (40) por medio de fusión, bisagras, o cualquier otro
procedimiento de conexión. Este intervalo de longitudes de la
cuchilla se puede aumentar o disminuir de tamaño en función del
tamaño del huésped y del lumen. Estas cuchillas proporcionan
superficies de corte afiladas en un intervalo de ángulos de
aproximadamente treinta a ciento cincuenta grados con la cuchilla
proximal lo que permite el corte simultáneo en varios ángulos.
El cable (35) del cortador de tejido comprende
un hilo alargado flexible y duradero, y se caracteriza por su
capacidad para impulsar el cortador de tejido (Fig. 6). El cable
está unido a la cuchilla proximal en una posición central o no
central y conectado de manera distal a un motor externo. Por
ejemplo, el cable puede ser un cable coaxial de acero conectado a un
motor de corriente continua para el giro a velocidad variable.
El dispositivo de introducción de la válvula
comprende una capa, un tubo, un dispositivo de empuje y una
abrazadera. La capa del dispositivo de introducción de la válvula,
la cápsula de introducción, comprende un manguito flexible que
tiene una superficie externa generalmente cilíndrica y una
superficie interna generalmente cilíndrica reforzado en el extremo
proximal que está abierto, y posee un extremo distal
semi-cerrado con una abertura perforada, la
abertura distal, que tiene un diámetro aproximadamente igual al
diámetro interno del canal de introducción (50) (Fig. 7). La
cápsula de introducción está fabricada de un material duradero, no
trombogénico y flexible, por ejemplo teflón recubierto de
poliuretano con un diseño de malla o tamiz. La cápsula de
introducción se caracteriza por su capacidad de contener y mantener
el dispositivo de válvula protésica en su estado comprimido
permitiendo un fácil transporte a través de la vasculatura del
huésped. La cápsula de introducción está reforzada en su base con
un sólido distinto a una malla o tamiz, por ejemplo poliuretano
sólido recubierto con teflón, con el fin de sostener el anillo de
montaje y los clavos de montaje del dispositivo de válvula protésica
en su estado comprimido dentro de la cápsula de introducción.
La abrazadera (70) se une de manera
circunferencial a la superficie externa de la cápsula de
introducción en el extremo proximal de la cápsula. La abrazadera
comprende un dispositivo expansible circunferencialmente, como una
serie de globos segmentados, y se caracteriza por tener la capacidad
de expandirse para mantener la cápsula de introducción en una
posición determinada durante la liberación del dispositivo de
válvula protésica (Fig. 8). Cada globo segmentado puede tener un
canal de hinchado/deshinchado para proporcionar expansión y
compresión segmental autónoma. La expansión diferencial de la serie
de globos segmentados es dirigida desde un control externo como se
hace con el dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal. El
hinchamiento individual diferencial permite un posicionamiento
exacto de la cápsula de introducción en la proximidad del
emplazamiento deseado de colocación de la válvula.
El tubo del dispositivo de introducción de la
válvula, el canal de introducción, comprende un cilindro alargado
flexible. El canal de introducción (50) está fabricado de un
material flexible y duradero, por ejemplo teflón recubierto de
poliuretano u otros materiales que tengan las siguientes
características: flexibilidad, durabilidad, y no trombogenia. El
canal de introducción tiene una superficie externa generalmente
cilíndrica y una superficie interna generalmente cilíndrica. El
extremo proximal del canal de introducción está unido
circunferencialmente en torno a la abertura distal de la cápsula de
introducción y las salidas de extremo distales del canal de
introducción a través del punto de entrada vascular (Fig. 9). Para
su uso en un humano adulto, el canal de introducción tiene
preferiblemente un diámetro interno de aproximadamente
0.5-10 mm, que le hace capaz de contener el canal
de empuje (55) del dispositivo de empuje. Para su uso en un huésped
distinto a un humano adulto, este intervalo de tamaños del diámetro
interno se puede aumentar o disminuir en función del tamaño del
huésped y del lumen. El canal de introducción y el canal de empuje
se caracterizan también por ser capaces de alojar instrumentos de
succión o irrigación dentro de su lumen.
El dispositivo de empuje comprende un disco y un
tubo. El disco de empuje (60) del dispositivo de empuje comprende
un disco generalmente circular, con una superficie distal plana
generalmente, una superficie proximal plana generalmente y una
abertura central. El diámetro de la abertura debería ser menor que
el diámetro usado en el canal de introducción. El disco de empuje
está fabricado de un material duradero y flexible como el teflón
recubierto de poliuretano u otros materiales que tengan las
siguientes características: flexibilidad y durabilidad. La
superficie proximal del disco de empuje entra en contacto con el
dispositivo de válvula protésica contenido dentro de la cápsula de
introducción (Fig. 9).
Unido a la superficie distal del disco de empuje
circunferencialmente en torno a la abertura central del disco de
empuje está el extremo proximal del tubo, el canal de empuje. El
canal de empuje comprende un cilindro flexible alargado y está
fabricado de un material duradero, flexible y no trombogénico que
pueda mantener su integridad estructural de manera que no se
deforme bajo la aplicación de presión externa (por ejemplo, teflón
recubierto de poliuretano). El canal de empuje tiene una superficie
externa generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna
generalmente cilíndrica, y tiene un diámetro interno menor que el
usado en el canal de introducción (Fig. 10). Se caracteriza por
estar contenido dentro del lumen del canal de introducción con su
extremo distal extendiéndose más allá del punto de entrada vascular
a través del canal de introducción y por su capacidad de de
permitir el paso del globo de montaje (75) y el hilo de guía (65).
Se caracteriza asimismo por su capacidad de avanzar dentro del
lumen del canal de introducción bajo la aplicación de presión
externa en el punto de entrada vascular con el fin de hacer avanzar
el disco de empuje dentro de la cápsula de introducción. El canal
de empuje se caracteriza también por su capacidad de alojar
instrumentos de succión o irrigación dentro de su lumen.
El dispositivo de válvula protésica comprende un
manguito (80), una válvula y un anillo. El manguito es un cilindro
flexible con forma cilíndrica que tiene una superficie externa
generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna generalmente
cilíndrica. El manguito se asegura en su superficie interna a la
válvula y en la base de su superficie externa a un anillo
comprimible, el anillo de montaje (85) (Figs. 11, 12). Entre los
medios de fijación se pueden incluir la sutura, el enlace químico,
la soldadura con láser, el grapado, u otros procedimientos. Entre
los materiales de fijación se incluyen el polipropileno, el
poliéster, el nylon, el acero inoxidable u otros materiales inertes
y duraderos. El manguito es de un material duradero, compatible con
el huésped, no trombogénico, flexible y comprimible, por ejemplo
dacron o politetrafluoroetileno, para permitir que se comprima,
maniobre, y transporte fácilmente a través de la vasculatura con el
fin de permitir la colocación endovascular. La durabilidad del
manguito permite asegurar la unión a otros objetos y capas, y
permite que el manguito permanezca intacto a pesar del procedimiento
de substitución, y la duración a largo plazo del dispositivo
protésico dentro del huésped. Todos los componentes del dispositivo
de válvula protésica, el anillo de montaje, el manguito y la
válvula, son flexibles, comprimibles, no trombogénicos y
duraderos.
La fijación a la capa interna del dispositivo de
válvula protésica comprende una válvula que opera permitiendo el
flujo circulatorio unidireccional de sangre. La válvula comprende un
anillo con forma cilíndrica (100) que tiene una superficie externa
generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna generalmente
cilíndrica con al menos una cúspide (95) para permitir el flujo
sanguíneo en una única dirección. La(s) cúspide(s)
están unidas al extremo distal (con relación al flujo sanguíneo)
del anillo cilíndrico. La(s) cúspide(s) se abren de
manera distal para permitir la circulación de flujo sanguíneo a
través del emplazamiento de la válvula, y a continuación se cierran
alternativamente centralmente para prevenir el flujo circulatorio
inverso. La válvula es flexible, comprimible, compatible con el
huésped y no trombogénica. La válvula puede ser, por ejemplo, una
válvula aórtica porcina conservada en glutaraldehído que posea tres
cúspides que se abren distalmente para permitir el flujo sanguíneo
unidireccional. La válvula también puede ser un homotrasplante o
xenotrasplante fresco, criopreservado o conservado en
glutaraldehído. El material óptimo será sintético, fabricado a
partir de materiales no biológicos, no trombogénicos, flexibles,
que se pueda transportar a través de la vasculatura, biocompatible
y muy duradero de manera que pueda resistir una fijación permanente
en el emplazamiento de la válvula. Es altamente deseable usar un
material flexible cuando la válvula va a ser insertada mediante
medios endovasculares.
El anillo de montaje (85) del dispositivo de
válvula protésica está preferiblemente unido en la base de la
superficie externa del manguito. El anillo de montaje está fabricado
de materiales duraderos, con alta resistencia a la fractura,
excelentes características a la fatiga y resistentes a la corrosión
(por ejemplo, acero inoxidable, MP35N o elgiloy), y está
estructurado en una arquitectura comprimible que se pueda contraer
en su aplicación y expandir en la liberación de presión externa y
mantener aún su forma básica. El anillo de montaje tiene una
superficie externa generalmente cilíndrica y una superficie interna
generalmente cilíndrica compuesta de una serie de clavos de montaje
(90) para fijar el dispositivo de válvula protésica en el
emplazamiento de la válvula deseado (Figs. 13-15).
El anillo de montaje proporciona una fijación endovascular sin
sutura del dispositivo que le permite operar de manera autónoma.
Los clavos están fijados mediante fusión, soldadura u otros
procedimientos de conexión, con un ángulo de aproximadamente 30 a
aproximadamente 150 grados con el anillo de montaje. La composición
de ángulos proporciona una fijación segura de tal manera que el
dispositivo de válvula protésica puede tolerar las variaciones de
presión direccionales y de grado sobre la válvula que ocurren
durante las diferentes fases del ciclo cardiaco. A medida que se
ejerce una presión uniforme sobre la superficie interna del anillo
de montaje, como por ejemplo por hinchamiento del globo de montaje,
el anillo de montaje se expande y los clavos se extienden hacia la
pared del lumen y se fijan en ella.
Una vez finalizada la implantación endovascular
del dispositivo de válvula protésica en el huésped, la operación
del dispositivo de válvula protésica se puede controlar mediante los
mismos procedimientos usados para controlar las substituciones de
válvulas llevadas a cabo mediante cirugía a corazón abierto. Se
puede realizar un examen físico rutinario, ecocardiografía o
angiografía periódica. Sin embargo, en contraste con la cirugía a
corazón abierto, el huésped necesita un corto periodo de
recuperación y puede volver a casa al cabo de un día del
procedimiento endovascular. El dispositivo de válvula protésica se
puede usar en cualquier paciente para el que se indiquen las
válvulas bioprotésicas, como los pacientes mayores con enfermedades
de válvulas cardiacas, y pacientes que no toleran procedimientos a
corazón abierto o anticoagulación a largo plazo. Además, con el
desarrollo de válvulas sintéticas de mayor duración, flexibles y no
trombogénicas alternativas a la bioprótesis, el dispositivo de
válvula protésica estará indicado para todos los pacientes en los
que las ventajas relativas de larga vida, cualidad no trombogénica,
y facilidad de la inserción de los dispositivos de válvula
protésica prevalezcan sobre los inconvenientes de las válvulas
mecánicas. La anticoagulación puede ser beneficiosa en ciertas
situaciones clínicas para uso tanto a corto como a largo plazo.
El dispositivo de procedimiento intraluminal, la
cápsula del dispositivo de procedimiento y el cortador de tejido se
pueden aplicar conjuntamente entre sí, para la instrumentación o en
la eliminación de válvulas o tejido cardiaco, aórtico,
cerebrovascular, mesentérico, renal o de venas periféricas, y serían
especialmente importantes en cualquier parte en el sistema cardiaco
o vascular cuando sea problemática la embolia periférica o sea
esencial la colocación exacta de los instrumentos. También se pueden
usar en otros lúmenes, por ejemplo, los tractos gastrointestinal,
genitourinario, biliar y respiratorio. Además, el sistema de
substitución de válvulas se puede usar para suplantar así como para
sustituir una válvula o prótesis de un huésped. En tal
procedimiento la válvula o prótesis con mal funcionamiento no es
eliminada mediante el cortador de tejido, y el dispositivo de
válvula protésica se fija en un emplazamiento endovascular de manera
que el dispositivo suplante la función de la válvula o prótesis con
mal funcionamiento. Además, el sistema de substitución de la válvula
se podría usar en especies no humanas, por ejemplo otros
mamíferos.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
Esta lista de referencias citadas por el
solicitante se muestra únicamente para conveniencia del lector. No
forma parte del documento de Patente Europea. Aunque se ha tenido
una gran precaución a la hora de recopilar las referencias, no se
pueden excluir errores u omisiones y la Oficina Europea de Patentes
declina cualquier responsabilidad al respecto.
\bullet US 3671979 A, Moulopoulos [0008]
\bullet US 4056854 A, Boretos [0009].
\bulletDAVID C.; SABISTON, JR.,
M.D.; FRANK D.; SPENCER, M.D. Gibbon's Surgery of
the Chest. 1990, vol. II, 1566-1596
\bulletERIC J. TOPOL.
Textbook of Interventional Cardiology. 1990,
831-867 [0010].
Claims (6)
1. Dispositivo introductor para el suministro de
un dispositivo de válvula protésica (80), comprendiendo el
introductor:
una cápsula introductora, que comprende un
elemento flexible cilíndrico que tiene un extremo distal
parcialmente cerrado con una abertura en el mismo, y un extremo
proximal, y que está configurada para soportar un dispositivo de
válvula protésica (80) en la misma;
un elemento tubular alargado que tiene un canal
introductor (50) que se extiende en el mismo fijado a la abertura
situada en el extremo distal de la cápsula introductora; y
medios que se pueden avanzar en el interior del
canal introductor (50) para suministrar un dispositivo de válvula
protésica (80) colocado en el interior de dicha cápsula introductora
mediante su presión desde la cápsula introductora,
caracterizado por el hecho de que: (i) la cápsula
introductora comprende un dispositivo expansible (70) fijado al
extremo proximal configurado para soportar la cápsula introductora
en una posición durante el suministro de dicho dispositivo de
válvula protésica (80) y (ii) los medios de avance son un
dispositivo empujador (60) que comprende un disco flexible, que
tiene una abertura central y un tubo fijado en la abertura central y
adaptado para su inserción en el canal introductor y que tiene un
lumen interno que permite el paso de un globo de montaje y un
alambre de guía a través del mismo, y cuando avanza en el interior
del lumen del canal introductor avanzará el disco, y así expulsa un
dispositivo de válvula protésica (80) dispuesto en el interior de
dicha cápsula introductora.
2. Dispositivo introductor según la
reivindicación 1, en el que el dispositivo expansible (70) es
expansible de una manera circunferencialmente diferenciada.
3. Dispositivo introductor según la
reivindicación 2, en el que el dispositivo expansible (70) comprende
una serie de globos segmentados, hinchables de manera
diferenciada.
4. Dispositivo para realizar un procedimiento
intraluminal en un lugar en un paciente que comprende un dispositivo
introductor según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3.
5. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 4, que
también comprende un cortador de tejido para la retirada de un
tejido no deseado, teniendo el cortador de tejido por lo menos una
cuchilla (45) y un cable (35), siendo dicha por lo menos una
cuchilla (45) desplazable a una condición no extendida y siendo
capaz de paso endovascular al sitio rodeado mientras está en la
condición no extendida.
6. Dispositivo según la reivindicación 5, en el
que dicha por lo menos una cuchilla (45) tiene una articulación (30)
para permitir el movimiento de la cuchilla (45) a y desde las
condiciones extendida y no extendida.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US730559 | 1991-07-16 | ||
US07/730,559 US5370685A (en) | 1991-07-16 | 1991-07-16 | Endovascular aortic valve replacement |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2296854T3 true ES2296854T3 (es) | 2008-05-01 |
Family
ID=24935849
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES99108298T Expired - Lifetime ES2207885T3 (es) | 1991-07-16 | 1992-07-15 | Dispositivo para la substitucion de valvulas aorticas. |
ES02019355T Expired - Lifetime ES2296854T3 (es) | 1991-07-16 | 1992-07-15 | Reemplazo de valvula endovascular. |
ES92916897T Expired - Lifetime ES2142829T3 (es) | 1991-07-16 | 1992-07-15 | Dispositivos para llevar a cabo un procedimiento intraluminal. |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES99108298T Expired - Lifetime ES2207885T3 (es) | 1991-07-16 | 1992-07-15 | Dispositivo para la substitucion de valvulas aorticas. |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES92916897T Expired - Lifetime ES2142829T3 (es) | 1991-07-16 | 1992-07-15 | Dispositivos para llevar a cabo un procedimiento intraluminal. |
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---|---|
US (6) | US5370685A (es) |
EP (3) | EP0937439B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JPH06511167A (es) |
AU (1) | AU668690B2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2113476C (es) |
DE (3) | DE69230375T2 (es) |
ES (3) | ES2207885T3 (es) |
WO (1) | WO1993001768A1 (es) |
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- 1992-07-15 DE DE69230375T patent/DE69230375T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-15 EP EP99108298A patent/EP0937439B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-15 ES ES99108298T patent/ES2207885T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-15 WO PCT/US1992/005919 patent/WO1993001768A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-07-15 DE DE69233210T patent/DE69233210T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-15 ES ES02019355T patent/ES2296854T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-15 AU AU24127/92A patent/AU668690B2/en not_active Expired
- 1992-07-15 ES ES92916897T patent/ES2142829T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-15 EP EP02019355A patent/EP1283027B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-15 DE DE69233715T patent/DE69233715T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-15 EP EP92916897A patent/EP0597967B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-15 JP JP5502932A patent/JPH06511167A/ja active Pending
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1994
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1996
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2001
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-
2004
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- 2004-07-02 US US10/883,532 patent/US20040236418A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110621262A (zh) * | 2017-04-27 | 2019-12-27 | 美敦力公司 | 经导管的带支架的假体张紧和锁定系统以及装置 |
CN110621262B (zh) * | 2017-04-27 | 2022-11-29 | 美敦力公司 | 经导管的带支架的假体张紧和锁定系统以及装置 |
US11571302B2 (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2023-02-07 | Medtronic, Inc. | Tension member routing elements in transcatheter stented prosthesis tensioning system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0597967B1 (en) | 1999-12-01 |
EP1283027A2 (en) | 2003-02-12 |
US20040225355A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
US20040236418A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
US6338735B1 (en) | 2002-01-15 |
EP0597967A1 (en) | 1994-05-25 |
EP0937439A2 (en) | 1999-08-25 |
EP1283027B1 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
DE69230375D1 (de) | 2000-01-05 |
US5370685A (en) | 1994-12-06 |
US20110270388A9 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
CA2113476A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 |
EP0937439A3 (en) | 1999-10-13 |
JPH06511167A (ja) | 1994-12-15 |
DE69230375T2 (de) | 2000-07-06 |
US20020058995A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
EP0597967A4 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
DE69233715D1 (de) | 2007-12-27 |
DE69233210D1 (de) | 2003-10-23 |
ES2207885T3 (es) | 2004-06-01 |
WO1993001768A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 |
AU2412792A (en) | 1993-02-23 |
DE69233210T2 (de) | 2004-08-19 |
US5545214A (en) | 1996-08-13 |
CA2113476C (en) | 2006-10-10 |
ES2142829T3 (es) | 2000-05-01 |
EP0937439B1 (en) | 2003-09-17 |
DE69233715T2 (de) | 2008-10-30 |
AU668690B2 (en) | 1996-05-16 |
EP1283027A3 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
US8915959B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 |
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