Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27F—DOVETAILED WORK; TENONS; SLOTTING MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES
  • B27F1/00—Dovetailed work; Tenons; Making tongues or grooves; Groove- and- tongue jointed work; Finger- joints
  • B27F1/02—Making tongues or grooves, of indefinite length
  • B27F1/04—Making tongues or grooves, of indefinite length along only one edge of a board
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27F—DOVETAILED WORK; TENONS; SLOTTING MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES
  • B27F5/00—Slotted or mortised work
  • B27F5/02—Slotting or mortising machines tools therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27F—DOVETAILED WORK; TENONS; SLOTTING MACHINES FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES
  • B27F1/00—Dovetailed work; Tenons; Making tongues or grooves; Groove- and- tongue jointed work; Finger- joints
  • B27F1/08—Making dovetails, tongues, or tenons, of definite limited length
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F15/00—Flooring
  • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F15/00—Flooring
  • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
  • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
  • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
  • E04F2201/0138—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
  • E04F2201/04—Other details of tongues or grooves
  • E04F2201/041—Tongues or grooves with slits or cuts for expansion or flexibility
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49616—Structural member making
  • Y10T29/49623—Static structure, e.g., a building component
  • Y10T29/49629—Panel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49995—Shaping one-piece blank by removing material
  • Y10T29/49996—Successive distinct removal operations

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for processing a side edge of a panel, in particular a floor panel having a top and a bottom, which has at least two opposite side edges such a profiling corresponding to each other that two identically formed panels by a substantially vertical joining movement in horizontal and vertical direction can be connected to each other and locked, wherein the locking in the vertical direction by at least one movable in the horizontal direction, integrallysortedge formed from the core spring element is bar, which snaps in the joining movement behind a substantially horizontally extending locking edge and the Spring element is exposed by means of at least one substantially vertical slot relative to the core, and at least one of the slots is not designed to be continuous over the full length of the side edge.
• Panels in which the locking takes place via a plastic insert are known, for example, from EP 1 650 375 A1.
• This type of locking implemented in this type of panel is preferably provided on the transverse side of floor panels. But it can also be provided on the longitudinal side or both on the longitudinal side and on the transverse side.
• the spring element is made of plastic and is inserted in a horizontally extending groove on one of the side edges. sets and beveled at its top. Similar to a door catcher, the spring element is pressed inwards by the bevel from the new panel to be inserted into the groove when this occurs with its underside on the bevel and is lowered further.
• the spring element When the panel to be newly created is completely lowered onto the subfloor, the spring element snaps into a groove introduced horizontally in the opposite side edge and locks the two panels in the vertical direction.
• special injection molds are necessary, so that the production is relatively expensive.
• a high-quality plastic must be used to provide sufficient strength values, which further increases the cost of the spring element. If plastics with too low strength values are used, this leads to relatively large dimensions of the spring elements, since this is the only way to ensure that corresponding forces can be generated or transmitted.
• the locking element is designed as a separate component, resulting in additional expenses.
• the production of the locking element is technologically conditionally separated spatially from the panels, so that integration into the continuous manufacturing process, especially for dasbo- panels, rather not possible.
• the locking element could be made available to the consumer separately.
• the floor panels in question are moved by do-it-yourselfers, so that in principle there is the possibility due to the lack of experience that the required number of locking elements is initially incorrectly set. is estimated and these are not procured in sufficient quantity to be able to interpret a room completely.
• the do-it-yourselfer makes mistakes when inserting the spring element, which means that the locking is not exactly possible and the composite loosens over time, which is then wrongly ascribed by the consumer to the quality delivered by the manufacturer ,
• the spring element is integrally formed out of the core.
• milling cuts which are not continuous, but interrupted. If this is to be achieved by milling, the panel must not be moved during the milling process, otherwise continuous cuts would be produced at the existing high throughput speeds. A milling process would thus be with the braking of the panel to a standstill, immersion and - A -
• One way to produce appropriate milling with tools is to mount the tools on a track that moves the tools in the feed direction (transport direction) of the panels.
• the time in which the fräsungen be prepared significantly increased, whereby even commercial motor spindles can perform corresponding movements of the tools to perform the named milling.
• a method for introducing a locking groove by means of a milling tool which has a drive, a milling head and a transfer device transmitting the rotation, as well as a support for the milling head. Due to the holder, the milling head on the support side has a free radius, whereby it is possible that it is completely in the surrounding on both sides of groove flanks part of the connecting groove during insertion of the locking groove.
• the at least one non-continuous slot is produced by a preferably guided on a circular path tool such that the panel is conveyed in a transport direction under the tool, the tool dips by means of a pivoting movement in the core of the panel and lifted out in the opposite direction before the panel is completely conveyed under the tool.
• This design makes it possible to perform the previously rigid vertical locking resilient and produce geometries that do not extend over the entire length of a panel. Due to the pivoting movement of the tool, the necessary space requirement is very small, so that a conventional double-end tenoner can be used, at the end of which an additional processing station for the production of the at least one non-continuous slot is flanged.
• At least one substantially horizontal slit may be additionally provided in addition.
• a plurality of discontinuous slots are produced by providing a plurality of mutually spaced tools in the transport direction of the panel, which simultaneously dive into the core of the panel.
• a device for carrying out the method is characterized in that at least one milling tool, a laser tool, a water or sand blasting device or a plasma torch is attached to a pivotally mounted carrier which is actuated via a servomotor or a telescopic cylinder.
• a servomotor or a telescopic cylinder In order to be able to produce a plurality of slots at the same time, it is particularly advantageous if, with reference to the transport direction of the panel, several tools are arranged one behind the other on the carrier. It is also conceivable that the slots are punched.
• each tool in addition to the at least one tool and its drive, which consists of a motor and a transmission, arranged on the support.
• Each tool can be powered by a separate motor. But it can also be provided a motor for driving a plurality of tools.
• Figure 1 is a plan view of the side edge I of a panel
• Figure 2 shows the top view of the opposite side edge II thereof
• FIG. 3 shows the view according to viewing arrow III of Figure 1;
• Figure 4 shows the view of the panel according to viewing arrow IV of Figure 2;
• Figure 5 is a plan view of a schematically illustrated profiling system
• FIG. 6 shows the section along the line VI-VI according to FIG. 5;
• Figure 7 is a bottom view of a milled panel
• Figure 8 shows the representation of two interconnected panels of a first embodiment in section at the junction
• Figure 9 shows the representation of two interconnected panels of a second embodiment in section at the junction
• Figure 10 is a schematic plan view of a Doppelendprofiler
• Figure 11 is a schematic plan view of a processing station
• Figure 12a is a section along the line XII - XII of Figure 11 in the raised position of the tool;
• FIG. 12b shows the section along the line XII-XII according to FIG. 11 in the lowered position of the tool;
• FIG. 13a shows a schematic diagram of an alternative device for moving a machining tool in an inoperative position
• Figure 13b is a schematic diagram of an alternative means for moving a machining tool in functional position
• Figure 14a is a schematic diagram of an alternative means for moving a machining tool in a non-functional position
• Figure 14b is a schematic diagram of an alternative means for moving a machining tool in working position
• Figure 15a is a schematic diagram of an alternative means for moving a machining tool in a functionless position
• Figure 15b is a schematic diagram of an alternative means for moving a machining tool in functional position.
• the panels 1, 2 are identical. They consist of a core 17 of wood-based material or a wood-plastic mixture. At their opposite side edges I, II, the panels 1, 2 are profiled, wherein the side edge I was processed by the top 18 and the side edge II from the bottom 19 milled. On the side edge II, the spring element 3 is formed, which was produced by free milling of the core 17 by a horizontal slot 11 and a substantially vertically extending slot 10 were milled.
• the side edges I, II have the length L. In the longitudinal direction of the side edge II, the spring element 3 at its ends 3 a, 3 b connected to the core material. The exposure of the spring element 3 from the core 17 is done exclusively through the slots 10, 11.
• the outer edge 3c of the spring element 3 is inclined relative to the top 18 of the panel 2 at an angle ⁇ .
• the vertical surfaces of the side edges I, II are processed so that in the region of the top 18 contact surfaces 15, 16 form.
• the panel 1 is provided with a locking nose 22 extending essentially in the horizontal direction H, the lower side wall of which forms a substantially horizontally extending locking edge 4.
• the locking lug 22 protrudes laterally beyond the contact surface 16 of the panel 1.
• a groove 9 is formed, which receives a portion of the spring element 3 for locking two panels 1, 2 in the vertical direction V.
• the groove bottom 9a of the groove 9 extends parallel to the outer edge 3c of the spring element 3, which facilitates the production of the groove 9, but it could also be strictly executed in the vertical direction V or with a different angle ⁇ angle.
• the locking lug 22 is short.
• a dust bag 23 made of the material of the core 17 is machined on the side edge I of the panel 1.
• the core 17 facing surface 24 of the hook member 21 extends inclined relative to the vertical and forms together with the corresponding inclined, the core 17 facing surface 25 on the shoulder a
• the profiling of the hook elements 20, 21 is selected so that a bias voltage is generated in the joint and the vertical contact surfaces 15, 16 of the panels 1, 2 are pressed against each other, so that at the top 18 of two interconnected panels 1, 2 no visible gap is formed.
• the upwardly projecting shoulder 6 of the hook element 20 and the downwardly projecting shoulder 5 of the hook element 21 are chamfered or rounded at their edges.
• either the horizontally extending slot 11 ( Figures 2, 4) or the substantially vertically extending slot 10 ( Figures 6, 8) may be continuous, so over the full length L of the side edge II pass.
• the panel 2 is connected to the already lying on the subfloor panel 1, in which the panel 2 is applied to the side edge I of the panel 1 and lowered by a substantially vertical joint connection in the direction of the subfloor.
• the spring element 3 abuts with its lower edge 3d at the top 18 of the panel 1, it is pressed in the further joining movement due to its running at an angle ⁇ outer side edge 3c in contact with the contact surface 16 in the direction of the core 17, so that it horizontal direction H evades.
• the panel 2 is lowered further down. If the spring element 3 in a position opposite the groove 9, it is rebounded as a result of the material inherent restoring forces and then snaps into the groove 9, where it rests with its substantially horizontally extending top 3e on the locking edge 4.
• the hook elements 20, 21 engage until the head surface 12 is supported on the bearing surface 13.
• the panels 1, 2 are then connected and locked together.
• the inner wall 10a of the slot 10 serves as a limitation of the compression travel for the spring element 3, in order to prevent the connection of the spring element 3 at its ends 3a, 3b with the core 17 by an excessively plunging movement.
• the area, ie the height and the width, with which the ends 3a, 3b are connected to the core 17, determine the spring rate of the spring element 3.
• three spring elements 3 over the length L of the side edge II and at the opposite side edge I three locking lugs 22 are formed. It is also conceivable to make the spring elements 3 shorter and to provide five, six or even seven or more spring elements 3 and corresponding locking lugs 22.
• FIG. 2 shows that vertical slots 10 are provided over the length L of the panel 3.
• FIG. 6 shows a panel with three horizontally extending slots 11.
• Figure 9 shows an embodiment of the panels V, 2 ⁇ in which the spring element 3 is exposed only by one or more vertical slots 10 relative to the core 17.
• the spring element 3 ' is provided on the hook element 20 "forming a lower lip
• the locking per se is analogous to the exemplary embodiment described above.
• the lock is in all embodiments solvable by the panels 1, r, 2, T are shifted relative to each other along the side edges I, II or by a not shown unlocking pin is inserted laterally into the joint.
• the panels 1, 2 are usually provided on their top 18 with a decor that can be imprinted directly on the top 18.
• the decoration is usually covered by a wear protection layer into which a patterning corresponding to the decor can be embossed.
• This type of locking described above is preferably provided on the transverse side of panels 1, 2, which on its longitudinal side by Einwinkein and Swiveling down to the subfloor can be connected together, as described in DE 102 24 540 Al. It is also conceivable, however, to form this profiling both on the longitudinal sides and on the transverse sides, so that the panels can be connected to each other and locked by a purely vertical joining movement on all side edges.
• the processing station according to the invention which is shown schematically in FIGS. 5 and 6, consists of a double end tenoner known from the prior art, as marketed for example by Homag under the designation "Powerline”, with flanges additionally flanged thereto processing stations.
• the double-end tenoner 30 basically consists of two largely identical but mirror-inverted profiling machines 36, one of the profiling machines 36 being firmly anchored to the ground and the other being arranged on slide rails which allow it to move in the y-direction.
• the profiling machines 36 in turn each consist of two parts.
• a chain conveyor 31, which has a chain with roller bearings chain links and a so-called top pressure.
• the top pressure consists essentially of a flexible belt and is spring-mounted.
• Both the chain conveyor 31 and the - not shown here - upper pressure of both profiling machines 36 are connected to each other by means of long shafts and driven by the same motors.
• Both machine parts of a profiling machine are mutually displaceable in the z-direction, wherein the chain conveyor located below 30 is firmly connected in the vertical direction with the ground.
• the upper pressure located above is lowered so far on the chain conveyor 31 that the spring-mounted belt comes into contact with the conveyor chain of the chain conveyor 31, whereby panels 1, 2 to be transported are pressed onto the conveyor chain and fixed there.
• the chain conveyor 31 is fixedly connected to a machine frame, which in addition to shafts for chip extraction and some electronic components also includes motor stand with each mounted on these milling motors. These motor stands allow the motors to be freely delivered in a defined range in the y- and z-direction and a rotation about the x-axis when the system is at a standstill. These adjustment options make it possible to adjust the side-milling cutters flanged to the motors so that the panels 2 conveyed past in the transporting direction T can be machined.
• the motors, and thus the individual processing stations 32, 32a, 33, 33a, 34, 34a, 35, 35a, are arranged in a paired opposite one another in relation to the transport direction T in a row.
• the milling cutters not shown in detail here have such a structure that, by traversing all substantially four to five machining stations 32, 33, 34, 35; 32a, 33a, 34a, 35a can be made on each side edge I, II one half of a commercially available glueless connection profile.
• the profiling machines 36 In order to prevent inaccuracies or games in the storage of the chain links are transferred to the machined panels 2, which would make an exact milling of the profiles impossible, the profiling machines 36 have well-defined reference planes. In the case of these profiling machines, these reference planes are realized in the form of so-called supports which are firmly fixed to the chain conveyors 36 and have on their upper side a polished hard metal plate 37, which represents the reference plane. During the processing, the panels 2 to be profiled slide over this plate 37. To ensure that the panels 2 are not removed from these plates 37, they are pressed onto the hard metal plate 37 by so-called pressure shoes 38. The pressure shoes 38 are moved by pneumatic cylinders in the direction of the hard metal plate 37, which allows a free adjustability of the spring force to be used.
• a further processing station 40 which is basically differs from the processing stations described above.
• the construction allows for controlled movement of the milling tools 41 during ongoing processing, thereby allowing the creation of non-continuous slots 10.
• the system of the processing station 40 is basically identical in principle on both sides of the machine, but the systems differ in that on one side of the machine, the milling tools 41 can be moved substantially in the z-direction dynamically and on the other side of the machine, the milling tools 41st are substantially dynamically movable in the y-direction.
• milling tools 41 with a diameter of 30 to 50 mm are arranged one behind the other in the transporting direction T.
• the number of milling tools 41 per processing station 40 corresponds to the contours to be produced.
• two to four milling tools 41 are used.
• These milling tools 41 are flanged to a transfer case 42 that is driven by a motor 43.
• the motor 43 may be fixedly connected to the transmission 42.
• the power transmission can also be done flexibly via a toothed belt or a flexible shaft.
• the gear 42 and the milling tools 41 and optionally also the motor 43 are attached to one end of a pivotally mounted carrier 44.
• the carrier 44 is pivotally mounted via a hinge 45 between its end points similar to a rocker.
• a positioning motor 46 is mounted with a movement spindle 47 which can move the carrier 44 and thus the milling tools 41 fastened to the other end on a circular path (arrow P) around the joint 45.
• a servomotor 46 and a telescopic cylinder can be used.
• the servomotor 46 can also interact with a cam, a crank mechanism or a system with a similar mode of action.
• a system can be used that has only one milling tool 41 that is directly attached to the milling motor.
• Motor and milling tool 41 are fixedly connected to a highly dynamic linear motor (not shown), which together with a compensating spring element (not shown) allows very fast movements of motor and milling tool 41 in the z or y direction.
• a highly dynamic linear motor not shown
• a compensating spring element not shown
• the panels 2 are introduced into the double end tenoner 30.
• the separation of the panels 2 introduced into a magazine is effected by the movement of the chain conveyors 31, wherein cams (not shown) applied to individual chain links each pull a panel 2 out of the magazine.
• the respective panels 2 are moved over the chain conveyors 31 in the transporting direction T (x direction). After a short conveyor line each panel 2 passes under the top pressure belt and is pressed by this firmly on the chain conveyor 31. Upon further conveying the panel 2 in the transport direction T, this enters the first processing station 32. In this case, it first runs onto the support 37 present at each processing station 32, 33, 34, 35 and is pressed onto it by the pressure shoe 38, which is also present.
• the processing in the individual stations 32, 33, 34, 35 is constructed so that the first milling tool 41 takes over the rough Vorzerspanung and breaking the hard decorative layer, the tool of the second station 33 and the last processing station 35, the actual holding profile in the Milling panels 2, that in this case is a hook profile with rigid locking surfaces for vertical locking.
• the tool of the third processing station 34 is essentially responsible for the production of a clean closing edge and / or for the production of a chamfer on the decorative side 18 of the panel 2. If the panel 2 has passed this processing station 34, it has a complete hook profile with a rigid vertical lock. If the panel 2 runs into the processing station 40 flanged to the double end tenoner 30 according to the invention, a control signal is triggered via a sensor 48 (see FIG. 10) which activates the positioning motor 46, whereby the carrier 44 pivots about the joint 45 and the milling tools 41 from the bottom 19 of the panel 2 into the core 17 and mill the slots 10. At the same time, a number of slots 10 are generated, which corresponds to the number of milling tools 41 in the processing station 40. Before the panel 2 has completely passed the processing station 40, the carrier 44 is pivoted back and the milling tools 41 are pulled out of the core 17 of the panel 2, so that slots 10 are produced which are not over the full length L of the side edge (here Transverse side).
• the alternative processing system with only one milling tool 41 can also generate a non-continuous contour by means of corresponding movement of the linear motor. However, since only one milling tool 41 is used, this system has to perform a corresponding number of strokes to produce the same number of contours.
• data such as control signals of the Doppelendpro filers 30 and sensor data (for example, from encoders) continue to be used to the photocells. Described was the processing station 40, with the vertical slots 10 are generated. If the horizontal slots 11 are to be milled, the processing station 40 may be located at the same location. The carrier 44 is correspondingly rotated by 90 °, so that the milling tool 41 is then immersed in a circular path in the core 17, which is tangent to the top 18 of the panel 2 and not to the side edge.
• FIGS. 11 and 12a, 12b show a device with which a respective milling tool 41 of a processing station 40 can be pivoted from an inactive position into the processing position.
• the motor 43 and the gear 42 are respectively fixed.
• An actuator 50 is fixed at its one end to a hinge 51 on the housing 49 of the processing station 40 and at its other end to a hinge 52 on the carrier 44.
• the carrier 44 and thus the milling tool 41 pivots about the shaft 53.
• the carrier 44 is attached via a bearing block 39 on the shaft 53.
• Figures 13, 14 and 15 show principal alternatives to the actuator 50 to bring the milling tool 41 in its operating position.
• the carrier 44 to which the milling tool 41 is attached, can be moved via a rotationally driven cam 60 in a guide 62.
• the cam 60 pushes the carrier 44 in the direction of the panel 1.
• the restoring force is generated by the springs 61 ( Figures 13).
• the carrier 44 is displaceable both in the transport direction T and in a vertical direction thereto, ie in the horizontal direction H or in the vertical direction V.
• the crank disk 70 By the rotational movement of the crank disk 70, the parallel to the transport direction T shift is initiated by means of the connecting rod 71.
• the carrier 44 passes through a cam 73, via which the movement is then introduced in a direction V or H which is perpendicular to the transport direction T.
• the carrier 44 then slides in the guide 72 in the direction of the panel 1, so that the milling tool 41 can be brought into contact with the panel 1.
• the carrier 44 is connected directly to the crank disk 80, so that a movement in the transport direction T and a direction V or H perpendicular thereto is initiated simultaneously via the crank disk 80.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Milling, Drilling, And Turning Of Wood (AREA)
• Floor Finish (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
• Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-12-20 DE DE102007062430A patent/DE102007062430B3/de active Active
• 2008
  • 2008-12-19 WO PCT/EP2008/010959 patent/WO2009080328A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2008-12-19 DE DE502008002556T patent/DE502008002556D1/de active Active
  • 2008-12-19 EP EP08864900A patent/EP2117788B1/fr active Active
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