Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
  • B65B63/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on articles or materials to be packaged
  • B65B63/02—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on articles or materials to be packaged for compressing or compacting articles or materials prior to wrapping or insertion in containers or receptacles
  • B65B63/028—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on articles or materials to be packaged for compressing or compacting articles or materials prior to wrapping or insertion in containers or receptacles by pneumatic means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
  • B65B63/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on articles or materials to be packaged
  • B65B63/02—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on articles or materials to be packaged for compressing or compacting articles or materials prior to wrapping or insertion in containers or receptacles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
  • B65D85/07—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for compressible or flexible articles

Definitions

• the invention relates to a packaged, highly compressed bale of filter tow in cuboid shape without annoying bulges or constrictions on the top and bottom of the bale and a method for its production.
• the tow In the manufacture of filter tow for producing filter rods for the cigarette industry, the tow is placed in so-called "filling cans".
• the filter tow is distributed evenly as a layer over the cross-sectional area of the filling can by movements of a depositing unit that change in the longitudinal and transverse directions. So many layers are placed on top of each other until the filter tow pack has reached the desired mass and height in the filling can. Package weights of several hundred kilograms are common in this area.
• a highly compressed bale and a method for optimally filling a filling can and thus avoiding the resulting processing problems are described in WO 02/32238 A2.
• the filter tow pack which is under compressive stress, is still wrapped with packing material within the pressing device and the pressing device is then fully opened, so that the packing material holds the filter tow pack together as so-called bales.
• Common packaging materials are cardboard boxes that are mechanically held together by changing or gluing, or plastic fabrics that are closed, for example, by a Velcro fastener.
• An example of adhesive packaging is described in German utility model 7635849.1.
• the invention thus relates to a packaged, highly compressed bale made of filter tow in a cuboid shape without annoying bulges or constrictions on the top and bottom of the bale, which is characterized in that a.)
• the bale has a packing density of at least 300 kg / m 3 , b.) the bale is completely covered with a mechanically self-supporting, elastic packaging material, this material having one or more convectively airtight connections, and c.) the top and bottom of the bale are so flat that when the unopened bale is arranged on one horizontal plane a flat plate completely covering the bale can be pressed onto the top of the bale using a central normal force of 100 N and within the largest rectangle that can be inscribed in the vertical projection of the bale onto the pressed plate, at least 90% of the Area of the top of the bale that lies within the inscribed rectangle, have
• a bale according to claim 1 is therefore completely mechanically self-supporting, elastic packaging material, this material having one or more convectively airtight connections.
• the bale according to the invention is a vacuum-packed bale, a vacuum packaging that is well known to every consumer from everyday use. However, this is not the case.
• the task is to produce a defined shape.
• the airtight packaging has the task of collecting and equalizing pressure gradients on the top and bottom of the bale. Packaging requirements such as packaging strength, air and moisture permeability etc. could be dispensed with.
• the bale according to the invention would retain its properties even if the previously airtight material were perforated over a large area after the packaging process. For practical reasons, such additional measures will not be used.
• the geometry of the bale according to the invention is described by feature c.) In claim 1.
• the distance between the individual points on the top of the bale can be determined, for example, by using a transparent plate as the plate and determining the distance of the individual points from the plate by means of reflection measurement. Alternatively, any other continuous method of distance measurement can be used. In the context of the teaching according to the invention, it is particularly preferred if 90% of the surface of the top side of the bale, which lies within the inscribed rectangle, is at a distance of at most about 25 mm, in particular at most about 10 mm, from the flat plate.
• the bale has a volume of more than 0.9 m 3 and / or the packing density is more than 350 kg / m 3 and in particular less than 800 kg / m 3 is.
• the shape of a cuboid with a height of at least about 900, in particular at least about 970 mm for the bale has proven to be particularly suitable.
• the bales can be placed in double stacks in the container. Heights of the packed cuboid from 970 to 1200 mm are particularly favorable, these cuboids in the form of individual stacks in the containers be filed.
• bales are also possible to produce significantly higher bales, so that the packaging effort related to the amount of fibers to be packed is minimized.
• filter tow packaging such large packs have the advantage that when the filter tow is used to produce cigarette filters in a filter rod machine, the bales only have to be changed rarely.
• the packaging sleeve is preferably a plastic film.
• the convectively airtight connection is designed as a convectively air-impermeable seam, particularly advantageously as an overlapping sealed or fin seam.
• the film preferably consists of polyethylene, in particular LDPE, or of modified polyethylene (LLDPE) or of a composite film with a polyamide and a polyethylene layer.
• a colored or printed film can be used as the packaging film. This is particularly useful if the filter tow to be packaged is light-sensitive.
• the film can also be provided with stickers which, for example, have information relating to the contents of the packaging. Another way of transmitting information through the packaging is to press in a relief which is visible through the film, which is tight due to the negative pressure. In addition to a product name, the relief can also contain a company and / or customer logo, for example.
• the film preferably has properties that identify it as safe transport packaging.
• foils with a thickness of 100 to 400 ⁇ m are used in particular. If this is desired, after the final sealing of the packaging envelope or film, ie after the cuboid bale has been completed, a transport packaging made of cardboard boxes, plastic fabric, etc. can be added around the film. This can also be changed. This will increase the mechanical stability of the packaging, so that thinner and therefore cheaper films can be selected. It should however be emphasized that such trans ⁇ port packing in the present invention is not mandatory.
• the airtightly sealed bale creates a negative pressure inside the packaging envelope, which is preferably at least 0.01 bar and, according to a particularly advantageous procedure, 0.15 to 0.7 bar.
• the negative pressure generated can be maintained within the area enclosed by the envelope.
• This negative pressure reduces the pressure exerted on the packaging by the flexible material due to the elastic restoring force. For this reason, bulges of the packed filter tow bale, as are customary in the prior art, can be avoided.
• This increases the stackability of the packs produced. Due to the reduced mechanical pressure on the packaging from inside due to the negative pressure, the risk of the packaging failing or tearing is also reduced. In this way, a higher packing density can be achieved, which leads to the advantage of compact packings and thus reduced storage and transport volumes. In particular, the capacity of containers in which such packed filter tows are stored can be optimally utilized in this way.
• the filter tow is generally provided in compressed form with the aid of the known pressing devices.
• the method according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that the amount of filter tow provided for packaging is first mechanically compressed in the pressing device and then encased in the packaging envelope. In this case, the packaging envelope is closed within the pressing device.
• This embodiment has the advantage that the entire method is carried out in one place.
• the pre-pressed filter tow in a "Packaging", which can for example consist of retaining clips is supplied ⁇ packaging station of Ver, where the auxiliary packaging is removed and the sheath of the compressed filter tow with packaging casing as well as the generation of the negative pressure and the air-tight closure the packaging envelope.
• a "Packaging" which can for example consist of retaining clips is supplied ⁇ packaging station of Ver, where the auxiliary packaging is removed and the sheath of the compressed filter tow with packaging casing as well as the generation of the negative pressure and the air-tight closure the packaging envelope.
• inliners for protection against contamination and water vapor can be dispensed with, since these tasks are already performed by the casing used for packaging.
• the negative pressure initially required in the method according to the invention can be obtained in various ways.
• the negative pressure is generated by expansion of the compressed filter tow material.
• the external pressure on the packaged material is reduced so that it expands within the packaging under the effect of the elastic restoring force. Due to the increase in the pack volume, a negative pressure is established within the area enclosed by the envelope.
• the packaging size is chosen so that the expansion of the compressible filter tow is not complete, i.e. that the filter tow is still in the compressed state within the packaging even after its partial expansion.
• This embodiment has the advantage that no additional means are required to generate the negative pressure. It is therefore a particularly cost-effective option.
• the negative pressure is generated by air extraction within the area enveloped by the envelope.
• a higher vacuum than the "self-vacuum” described above can be achieved. It is also possible in this way to set the required vacuum with high Wegig ⁇ ness.
• the suction can for example be carried out with the help of one or more vacuum pumps. These are first connected to the inside of the otherwise airtight packaging on the suction side, whereupon they are put into operation. After the desired vacuum has been reached, the pumps are again Kung separated, the suction connection points of the packaging cover are closed again airtight.
• a combination of the two embodiments specified above has the advantage that the evacuation times can be kept short, since the negative pressure is obtained by two different measures which can be carried out simultaneously.
• the required pressing forces are lower, since a higher packing size can be selected, the “packing size” being understood to mean the height of the filter tow bale with an airtight seal in the compression device used for compression.
• the height of the filter tow bale can be regulated with good accuracy. In this way, external influences, in particular filter, seasonal, titer, weight etc. influences can be compensated for.
• a vacuum of approximately 0.15 bar to 0.7 bar below the ambient pressure is preferably generated in the method according to the invention. This corresponds to an absolute pressure of approximately 0.85 to 0.3 bar within the area covered by the film. It is therefore a negative pressure in the rough vacuum range, which is generally completely sufficient for the process according to the invention.
• a vacuum of approximately 0.2 to 0.4 bar, corresponding to an absolute pressure of approximately 0.8 to 0.6 bar, has proven to be particularly suitable.
• the selection of the specific area for the vacuum depends on various parameters, in particular on the type and quantity of the material to be packaged, the desired packing density, the packaging sleeve used, etc. Basically, it should be borne in mind that the more compact the packaging, the stronger it can be is the vacuum or vacuum. The bulges can also be reduced more with increasing negative pressure. However, it must be taken into account that the finer the desired vacuum, the more disproportionate the times for achieving the negative pressure.
• the packaging envelope used in the method according to the invention should be selected so that the desired temporal stability of the negative pressure generated and the desired mechanical stability of the packaging are ensured.
• the desired temporal stability is generally between a few days and several months or even years vary. Accordingly, foils with different air permeability can be used.
• a film made of polyethylene or modified polyethylene is preferably used as the packaging sleeve.
• LDPE is understood to mean low-density polyethylene produced under high pressure, the designation LLDPE being the short form for low-density polyethylene with a linear structure.
• LLDPE low-density polyethylene produced under high pressure
• Such a film has the advantage that it is a single-type film that is also available at low cost.
• a film made of polyethylene has a comparatively low strength, so that it is particularly suitable for smaller packing densities and small amounts to be packed. Due to the relatively high air permeability of a standard polyethylene film, it is more suitable for applications in which the storage period does not exceed a few weeks.
• a composite film with polyamide and polyethylene can advantageously be used as the packaging sleeve.
• This is characterized by a particularly low air permeability and high strength, so that the negative pressure can be kept essentially constant over a long period of time.
• the proportion of polyamide is preferably about 1/3 and the proportion of polyethylene is about 2/3.
• These values are measured according to DIN 53380-V at 23 ° C and 75% relative humidity. This ensures that the vacuum lasts long enough and the packaging does not become loose and remains as compact as possible.
• the area is also covered by commercially available foils (eg PA-PE composites). It should be stressed that through the film takes place no convective air transport, but a mass transfer follows only through diffusion through the film he ⁇ .
• the values given for the permeability relate to a composition analogous to the ambient air (approx. 78% N 2 , 21% 0 2 , 1% other gases).
• the only thing that matters is permeability to oxygen and nitrogen.
• other airtight materials that meet the above conditions can also be used in the context of the present invention.
• the water vapor permeability of the film or the other wrapping material should preferably be below 5 g / (m 2 * d) and in particular below 2 g / (m 2 * d), measured according to DIN 53122 2nd part at 23 ° C and 85% relative Humidity, lie.
• the water vapor permeability is not relevant for the shaping function of the packaging.
• packaging that is not only airtight but also water vapor-tight has the advantage that the product moisture of the filter tow is retained by such packaging. This is very important for filter tow. So the moisture over the bales will equalize and there will be no exchange of water vapor with the environment.
• Polyethylene foils with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m have a water vapor permeability of 1 g / (m 2 * d).
• the packaging sleeve or the film should expediently have a tear strength of at least about 10 N / 15 mm, preferably more than 100 N / 15 mm and particularly preferably more than 200 N / 15 mm, measured according to DIN EN ISO 527-3.
• the stated values relate to the minimum tensile strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the film.
• the specific selection with regard to tear strength must be made depending on whether the film-wrapped bale is still repackaged for transport.
• PE with a tensile strength of 15 to 30 N / 15 mm at a thickness of 100 ⁇ m
• PA6 with a tensile strength of 150 to 300 N / 15 mm at a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
• plastic films with air-blocking layers for example made of polyamide, polyester or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), or with a metal oxide coating, for example made of SiO x , aluminum oxide, etc., and aluminum foils have proven to be particularly advantageous.
• the types of film listed are not to be regarded as restrictive. Due to the airtightness of the film, aroma protection, ie protection against aromas penetrating from outside, is also guaranteed, which can be advantageous for various packaged goods. A certain toughness of the film is important for the mechanical stability of the film. This is achieved particularly well with polyamide.
• the ge ⁇ selected film should preferably be weldability or sealable.
• low-melting materials are favorable for the film.
• poly Lefins for example polyethylene or polypropylene, or copolymers with ethylene or propylene, for example EVA, LLDPE etc.
• Materials that meet the requirement of being weldable or sealable are referred to below as the sealing layer.
• a film can optionally consist of such a sealing layer alone or also of a composite of one or more sealing layers and further layers which, for example, ensure the mechanical strength.
• the sealing layers can be "peelable", i.e. not be homogeneously sealable.
• Such an inhomogeneous sealing layer can be produced in various ways, for example by admixing polybutylene at certain points in the sealing layer or by sealing polypropylene against LLDPE.
• Another way of providing an opening aid is to provide a tear strip in the packaging film. This option is particularly useful for films with low toughness.
• protruding corners or the like can be provided, which are intended to be cut open when the packaging is opened. After cutting open the protruding corner, air can penetrate into the inside of the packaging, so that the packaging loosens. Then it can be opened easily with a foil knife without damaging the contents of the package.
• the packaging envelope or the film can also be closed by gluing.
• This embodiment has the advantage that a sealing device can be dispensed with.
• other suitable types can is closing, the packaging film used the comparison as long as it provides the desired properties shadow regarding tightness but also in terms of mechanical tensile strength fulfillment ⁇ len, which are required for the respective application.
• Sealing or welding can take place, for example, with the formation of an overlapping seam.
• An overlapping seam can take comparatively high tensile forces up and so the packaged material and then securely hold together particularly in the freshly packed state if the package is leaky, and thus the full elasti ⁇ specific restoring force exerted from the inside on the packaging.
• This type of closure is therefore particularly secure, the foil in this case being more expedient on both sides.
• the welding or sealing can take place with the formation of a fin seam, which is known to the person skilled in the art in the field of film processing.
• This has the advantage of being easy to manufacture from the outside, but its ability to withstand tensile loads is less than that of an overlapping seam.
• the packaging envelope or film can be designed, for example, in the form of a one-piece bag.
• the filter tow provided is wrapped analogously to the packaging of a candy.
• the film can consist of a base, a lid and a circumferential sleeve. In this case, the total length of the connection seams increases because the individual parts have to be joined together.
• the film packaging consists of a lid and a base, which may be pre-assembled, e.g. deep-drawn or spoiled or the like.
• other suitable types of film packaging are also conceivable within the scope of the invention.
• the film packaging is deliberately designed with a low level of tightness, so that the negative pressure is compensated for within one to two days via the ambient pressure.
• the packaging "loses" its vacuum within this period.
• the packaged filter tow thus expands into the outer packaging, although in comparison to a method according to the prior art, it Filter Tow packed a smaller bulge on the top and bottom of the package.
• the film used in the method according to the invention preferably has a thickness of approximately 100 to 400 ⁇ m, a range from 200 to 300 ⁇ m and in particular from 250 to 300 ⁇ m having proven particularly suitable.
• the exact thickness of the film used depends on the size and the mass of the fiber material to be packed, on the degree of compression i.e. select from the packing density and the type of film material used.
• the film can optionally be selected somewhat thinner if an additional outer packaging, for example made of cardboard, is used.
• the compressible filter tow to be packaged is in particular provided in an optimal cuboid shape. This enables packs to be obtained which are particularly easy to stack and handle and are easy to store.
• the filter tow which is in the form of cables, is preferably layered on top of one another in individual layers, as has already been described in connection with the method according to the prior art.
• Fig. La to lc individual steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention; 2a and 2b an extension of the packaging produced by the method according to the invention;
• 3a shows a graph which shows the properties over time of a packaging produced by the method according to the invention using a film made of polyethylene
• 3b shows a graph similar to that of FIG. 3a, but for a composite film made of polyethylene and polyamide;
• Fig. 4a different curves that illustrate the relationship between packing size and bale height for different negative pressures
• Fig. 4b different curves that illustrate the relationship between additional vacuum and bale height at elevated temperature and lower air pressure.
• a bale of a compressible, flexible fibrous material 1, in the present case filter tow, is covered with a film 2 and introduced into a pressing device 3, as can be seen in FIG.
• the pressing device 3 which has a pressing force of 300 to 400 l, for example, the bale is compressed to the desired pack size.
• the film 2 is then sealed airtight except for a small area which serves as a connection point for the suction hose of a vacuum pump 4, for example a rotary vane pump or the like.
• the interior of the area enveloped by the film 2 is then evacuated to a desired negative pressure by means of the vacuum pump 4. If this is reached, the hose of the vacuum pump is separated from the film and the connection point is sealed airtight.
• the use of a vacuum pump can be dispensed with if only a slight negative pressure is desired which can be achieved by expanding the bale.
• the pressing device 3 is opened, the bale partially expanding again, insofar as this allows the size of the film packaging.
• the fully packed filter tow bale can now be removed from the pressing device and is in a transportable and storable state, as shown in FIG. 1c.
• the height of the packed bale depends, among other things, on the strength of the vacuum created.
• FIGS. 2a and 2b A further stage of the method according to the invention can be seen in FIGS. 2a and 2b, namely the optional provision of the packaged filter tow bale with an outer packaging 5.
• This can be provided in particular for transport and, for example, consist of light cardboard packaging.
• Such outer packaging is known to the person skilled in the art and will therefore not be explained in more detail here.
• FIGS. 3a and 3b each show a graph which shows the properties of a package produced by the process according to the invention using a film made of polyethylene or a composite film made of polyethylene and polyamide over time.
• the polyethylene film of Figure 3a had a gas permeability of about 600 ml / (m 2 * d * bar), while the gas permeability of the composite film of Figure 3b only was about 10 ml / (m 2 * d * bar).
• the negative pressure generated in the case of the composite film remains essentially constant over several hundred days, as does the bale height.
• the bale height can be kept lower the stronger the vacuum used.
• three different graphs are shown, the top one the achievable bale height depending on the pack size of the bale without the use of a vacuum pump, the middle graph when using an additional vacuum of 0.1 bar and the lower graph when using an additional vacuum of 0, Show 1 bar.
• FIG. 4b shows the bale height under changed ambient conditions as a function of the strength of the additional vacuum, the air temperature being approximately 40 ° C. and the ambient air pressure being approximately 0.05 bar higher than in the example of FIG. 4a. It can be seen that the bale height increases with low air pressure and elevated temperatures.
• a composite film made of polyethylene and polyamide with a thickness of about 200 microns was used.
• the film was sealed by hand with the help of a sealing device, whereby a sleeve part was connected to a cover and base element, each of which was pre-garnished in the press.
• the pressing force was always 3701. The packaging costs could be reduced considerably with the aid of the method according to the invention.
• a bale of the same mass was wrapped in a composite film made of polyamide and polyethylene at a pack height of 900 mm and this was welded. After opening the press device, the height was 970 mm. There was no bunch of balls in the packaging. About the increase in the volume of the bale air there was a negative pressure of 0.12 bar corresponding to an absolute pressure of 0.88 bar. This negative pressure was achieved without the aid of a vacuum pump.
• a bale of the same mass was wrapped in a composite film made of polyamide and polyethylene at a pack height of 900 mm and this was welded, the inside of the pack being evacuated to a negative pressure of 550 bar corresponding to an absolute pressure of 450 bar with the aid of a vacuum pump. After opening the baler, the bale reached a height of approximately 930 mm. A pressure inside the packaging of 0.42 bar is calculated, corresponding to a negative pressure of 0.58 bar. Again, there was no bunion in the packaging.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Packages (AREA)
• Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
• Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
• Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
• Wrappers (AREA)
• Filtering Materials (AREA)

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• 2002
  • 2002-04-22 DE DE10217840A patent/DE10217840B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2003
  • 2003-04-22 WO PCT/EP2003/004132 patent/WO2003089309A2/fr active IP Right Grant
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  • 2003-04-22 RU RU2004133904/12A patent/RU2283807C2/ru active
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