EP1264010B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum regulieren der konzentration von metallionen in einer elektrolytflüssigkeit sowie anwendung des verfahrens und verwendung der vorrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum regulieren der konzentration von metallionen in einer elektrolytflüssigkeit sowie anwendung des verfahrens und verwendung der vorrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1264010B1 EP1264010B1 EP01915052A EP01915052A EP1264010B1 EP 1264010 B1 EP1264010 B1 EP 1264010B1 EP 01915052 A EP01915052 A EP 01915052A EP 01915052 A EP01915052 A EP 01915052A EP 1264010 B1 EP1264010 B1 EP 1264010B1
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- metal
- auxiliary
- anode
- cathode
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical class [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 14
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZDYWEUILIUIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-J cerium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Ce+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VZDYWEUILIUIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910000355 cerium(IV) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
- C25D21/14—Controlled addition of electrolyte components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/12—Process control or regulation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for regulating the Concentration of metal ions in an electrolyte fluid.
- the procedure and the device is particularly applicable for regulating the concentration of copper ions in one for the electrolytic deposition of copper serving and additionally containing Fe (II) and Fe (III) compounds Kupferabscheideeng.
- the concentration of the ions of the metal to be deposited in the electrolyte liquid is kept as constant as possible. This can be, for example be achieved by a loss of the metal ions in the electrolyte liquid, caused by the electrolytic metal deposition is compensated by adding appropriate metal compounds. The However, these are the supply and disposal costs to be expended very large.
- Another well-known method of supplementing the metal ions in The electrolyte fluid is the direct dissolution of metal in the fluid with an oxidizing agent, for example oxygen.
- an oxidizing agent for example oxygen.
- For copper electroplating can metallic copper in an electrolyte fluid containing oxygen enriched from the air, to be dissolved. Ballast salts, i.a.
- a method for electrolytic metal deposition with insoluble anodes is proposed in which be added to the electrolytic liquid substances of an electrochemically reversible redox system as additives, for example, Fe (NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 , which transported by intensive forced convection with the electrolyte to the anodes, there electrochemically converted by the electrolysis, according to their turnover by means of intensive forced convection led from the anodes into a metal ion generator, in this at him located regeneration metal with simultaneous external power dissolution of the regeneration metal in its initial state electrochemically reset and medium again in this initial state s intensive forced convection be supplied to the separation vessel.
- the metal ions formed in the dissolution of metal pieces in the metal ion generator are guided with the electrolyte liquid in the galvanizing.
- the formation of harmful by-products can be linked to the insoluble anodes are avoided.
- the electrolytic Metal deposition consumed metal ions by reaction of corresponding metal pieces with the substance of the electrochemically reversible Redox system replenished by placing the pieces of metal with the oxidized substances be oxidized and form the metal ions.
- DD 261 613 A1 describes a process using substances of an electrochemically reversible redox system, such as Fe (NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 , for electrolytic copper deposition, wherein it is stated that organic additives commonly used in the deposition liquid for deposition smooth and high gloss copper layers are not oxidized when performing the process on the insoluble anodes.
- an electrochemically reversible redox system such as Fe (NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2
- DE 43 44 387 A1 likewise discloses a process for electrolytic deposition using copper with predetermined physical properties insoluble anodes and arranged outside the galvanizing cell Copper ion generator as well as of substances of an electrochemical reversible redox system described in the deposition liquid, wherein the Copper ion generator serves as a regeneration space for the metal ions and copper pieces contains. It is stated that when carrying out the in DD 215 589 B5 and DD 261 613 A1 described a decomposition the organic additive was observed in the Abscheideomeella and that Therefore, during prolonged service life of a deposition bath decomposition products these additives would accumulate in the bath.
- the problem with the mentioned methods and devices is that the metal content in the electrolyte liquid does not readily keep constant leaves. This causes the deposition conditions to change and thus no reproducible conditions can be achieved in the electrolytic deposition are.
- the change of the metal content in the electrolyte liquid is et al due to the fact that the metal pieces in the metal ion generator not only through the action of the substances of the electrochemically reversible redox system are formed, but in the case of a Kupferabscheidebades using Fe (II) / Fe (III) compounds as substances of the electrochemical reversible redox system also contained in the electrolyte fluid Oxygen from the air.
- the document proposes a method and a device for regulating the concentration of metal ions. Thereafter, at least a portion of the electrolyte liquid contained in the electroplating plant is passed through one or more at least one insoluble anode and at least one cathode having auxiliary electrolytic cells and set between the anodes and the cathodes of the auxiliary cells such a high electrical current flow that the current density at the anode surface at least 6 A / dm 2 and the current density at the cathode surface is at most 3 A / dm 2 .
- the ratio of the surface of the anodes to the surface of the cathodes is set to at least 1: 4.
- the metal ion content in the electrolyte liquid be kept constant over a longer period of time by a part the oxidized species of the electrochemical contained in the electrolyte liquid reversible redox system is reduced at the cathode of the auxiliary cell.
- the ratio of the current densities at the anode and at the cathode in the auxiliary cell for example, by a suitable choice of the ratio of the surfaces the anode and the cathode are adjusted, the reduced Species of the electrochemically reversible redox system at the anode of the Not auxiliary cell or oxidized only to a minor extent, so that the Concentration of the oxidized species of the electrochemically reversible redox system regulates and thereby directly influences the rate of formation of metal ions can be taken.
- auxiliary cell the deposited on the cathode of the auxiliary cell copper of Time to time electrochemically removed, so that again additional Energy is consumed and the device during this period not available. Therefore, for continuous production several such auxiliary cells are provided, some of which are for regulation The metal ion concentration can be used while in others parallel auxiliary cells removed the copper from the cathode again becomes.
- a particular disadvantage here is that the commonly used cathode material is damaged by the Abtierevorgang. This will be the one reduces the efficiency of the reduction.
- the cathode must be replaced by a new one after a few detachments.
- the present invention is therefore based on the problem, the disadvantages avoid the known methods and devices and in particular to find a device and a method with which an economical Operation of the electrolytic deposition method is made possible.
- insoluble anodes and in the Electrolyte fluid contained substances of an electrochemically reversible redox system be used.
- the procedure should last for a very long time be carried out under constant conditions. It should in particular the concentration of metal ions in the electrolyte fluid within this Period are kept constant within narrow limits. It's supposed to be be possible, the concentration of metal ions with simple means keeping constant, with only low energy consumption and low equipment costs are to spend.
- the electrolyte liquid is continuously through the system, in the metal is deposited electrolytically, and the auxiliary cells passed, such that the liquid the plant and the cells at least temporarily at the same time or optionally also flows through one after the other. At the same time the liquid becomes repeatedly returned to the system after flowing through the auxiliary cells.
- the metal is made using at least one insoluble, preferably dimensionally stable main anode separated from the electrolyte liquid on the material to be treated. For this a flow of current between the material to be treated and the main anode is generated.
- the metal ions become in at least one of the electrolyte liquid at least partially flowed through by the metal ion generator as auxiliary cell Substances of the redox system in the oxidized form by dissolution of metal pieces educated.
- the substances in the oxidized form are under formation corresponding substances, for example metal ions, in the reduced form transformed.
- the resulting substances in the reduced form become the main anode forming the corresponding substances in the oxidized Form oxidized again.
- anode spaces surrounding the auxiliary anodes and cathode spaces, which surround the metal pieces, by at least partially ion permeable Means separated from each other If necessary, the at least partially ion-permeable means between the anode compartments and the cathode compartments but also omitted.
- the auxiliary cathodes are in one liquid quiescent section of the metal ion generator housed, to a mixing of the electrolyte contained in the cathode compartment with the electrolyte liquid in the anode compartment at least largely avoided.
- the two spaces constructively so from each other be separated that the mixing is largely omitted
- the metal pieces are preferably in a very well-flowed compartment of the metal ion generator accommodated.
- the metal ion content kept constant within narrow limits in a metal plating solution be so that reproducible deposition conditions are met can.
- the metal plating solution is continuously from the Gatvanisierstrom, for example, a separation vessel in the inventive Metal ion generator and from there back to the galvanizing transferred.
- the substances formed on the main anode in the galvanizing plant of the Redox systems in the oxidized form become attached to the metal pieces in the metal ion generator reduced again to form metal ions.
- the substances of the redox system in the reduced form in the metal ion generator by cathodic polarization of the metal pieces opposite An auxiliary anode can be changed, the rate of formation of the metal ions be regulated in the metal ion generator.
- a renewed oxidation of the reduced Substances of the redox system to the oxidized substances at the auxiliary anode is thereby largely prevents the anode space surrounding the auxiliary anode from which the metal pieces surrounding cathode space is separated.
- the production rate becomes the substances of the redox system in the reduced form and thus below the rate of formation of the metal ions in the metal ion generator on a Value set so large that the amount produced per unit time Metal ions by oxidation with the redox compounds, plus the amount by the dissolution of the metal by the registered in the electrolyte liquid Atmospheric oxygen is created, exactly the same as the amount of at the Cathode in the electroplating plant consumed metal ions. Thus, the remains Total ion content of the metal to be deposited in the electrolyte liquid constant.
- the method according to the invention and the device have opposite to in WO 99/10564 A2 described the further advantage that only one or more secondary cells provided in addition to the electroplating plant and not one or more auxiliary cells and one or more additional metal ion generators.
- the separation solution comes not with an inert auxiliary cathode as described in WO 9910564 A2 Plant in contact, so that a possible deposition of metal on the auxiliary cathode can not lead to the problems discussed above. Therefore the process according to the invention also occurs over a very long period of time without major maintenance, for example, without one in the known device required intermediate detachment of the deposited Metal from the auxiliary cathode.
- the resulting problem namely a reduction in the efficiency of the conversion of the oxidized substances of the redox system in the reduced substances by a formed metal coating on the auxiliary cathode, arises using the present invention not a.
- the material to be treated in The electroplating plant is located in an electrolyte fluid, which when carried out the inventive method, a reduced concentration of Contains substances of the redox system in the oxidized form.
- a reduced concentration of Contains substances of the redox system in the oxidized form is located in an electrolyte fluid, which when carried out the inventive method, a reduced concentration of Contains substances of the redox system in the oxidized form.
- One accordingly smaller amount of the substances of the redox system is from the galvanizing the treated material surface is reduced.
- the result is an improvement the cathodic current yield in the electroplating plant.
- the associated Profit in production capacity is up to 10%.
- Another advantage of the invention is that of galvanizing Anode sludge known with soluble anodes is eliminated. Nevertheless, can In some cases, a "feed and bleed" operation of the plant may be useful. This is especially true then, if organic and / or inorganic additives in the electrolyte liquid to be exchanged in the long term. As a result of the partial Discarding the electrolyte fluid also becomes the content of the oxidized metal ions proportionately reduced the redox system. To this portion can the Capacity of Metaltionengenerators be reduced.
- the metal ion content can thus be kept constant by that substances of the redox system be reduced in the oxidized form in the metal ion generator and at the same time removes a part of the electrolyte liquid from the electroplating plant and is replaced by fresh electrolyte fluid.
- This material is opposite the plating solution and the used substances of the redox system chemically and electrochemically stable.
- titanium or tantalum is used as the base material.
- the Base material is preferably used as a perforated electrode material, for example, in the form of expanded metal or nets to low Space to offer a large surface.
- a precious metal preferably platinum, Iridium, ruthenium or their oxides or mixed oxides coated.
- the base material is thus also against electrolytic removal protected. Titanium anodes with an iridium oxide coating that is spherical Bodies are irradiated and thus compressed without pore, are sufficient durable and therefore have a long life among the applied Conditions.
- metal pieces are used in the form of balls.
- copper does not need to contain phosphorus like using soluble copper anodes. This reduces the formation of anode sludge.
- metal balls have the advantage that a reduction in volume of the ball bed in Metal ion generator in the dissolution of the metal pieces not readily to Bridges forming cavities leads, so that the refilling of new pieces of metal is relieved.
- the bulk volume can be optimized in the metal ion generator.
- the metal pieces can also essentially be cylindrical or cuboid. It's on a sufficient Ensure flow through the cathode compartment.
- the ratio of the surface area of the metal pieces to the surface of the at least one auxiliary anode is set to a value of at least 4: 1.
- the current density is increased at the auxiliary anode, so that preferably the water of the deposition solution is oxidized to form oxygen and oxidized only to a minor extent, the substances of the redox system in the reduced form.
- Such a high surface ratio can be achieved, for example, by the choice of small metal pieces, in particular metal spheres with a small diameter, can be adjusted.
- a cathodic current density of 0.1 A / dm 2 to 0.5 A / dm 2 and an anodic current density of 20 A / dm 2 to 60 A / dm 2 sets. Under these conditions, practically only oxygen is formed at the anode. Any substances of the redox system in the reduced form which are present in the anode compartment are practically not oxidized under these conditions.
- the metal ion generator may preferably be tubular.
- a advantageous embodiment in this case is that the auxiliary anode is arranged above the ingestible space of the metal pieces.
- the metal ion generator by vertical division also in two compartments (anode compartment and cathode compartment) be divided, wherein in the one compartment the metal pieces and in the other, the at least one auxiliary anode are arranged. Also in this Trap occurs at the auxiliary anode resulting oxygen without further contact with the pieces of metal from the deposition solution.
- the bed of metal pieces preferably rests on a sieve-shaped Electrode, which consists of an inert material, such as titanium. About this electrode, the current can be supplied to the metal pieces. By this electrode is formed Siebförmig, the Abscheide58 through the sieve to the metal bed and conveyed through it become. Thus, reproducible flow conditions in the Metal fill set.
- the deposition solution entering the cathode compartment can after passage of the metal fill in the upper region of the cathode space brought out by overflow from the cathode compartment again become.
- the efficiency of the reduction of the substances of the redox system be increased in the oxidized form on the metal pieces, since the concentration overvoltage for these substances is reduced in the pieces.
- the auxiliary anode is made of an anode compartment and the metal pieces of one Surrounded cathode compartment, in which the deposition solution is located.
- the two Rooms are separated from each other by at least partially ion-permeable means separated.
- ion-permeable means may preferably liquid-permeable, non-conductive fabrics are used, such as a polypropylene fabric. This material hinders convection between the electrolyte spaces.
- ion exchange membranes can also be used. These have the further advantage that not only the convection between electrolyte spaces but also the migration can be selectively hindered. If, for example, an anion exchange membrane is used, anions can pass from the cathode space into the anode space, but not cations from the anode space into the cathode space. In the event that a Kupferabscheidehav with Fe 2+ - and Fe 3+ ions is used, the Fe 3+ ions formed in the anode compartment by oxidation are not transferred into the cathode compartment, so that the efficiency of the erfindüngsdorfen device is not affected.
- ion exchange membranes as at least partially ion-permeable agents from a technical point of view are particularly advantageous.
- these materials are also more expensive and mechanically more sensitive than the liquid permeable fabrics.
- the metal ion concentration in the deposition solution can be, for example by adjusting the current flow between the auxiliary anode and the metal pieces be regulated.
- the current is controlled by the power supply.
- a sensor can be provided with which the metal ion concentration in the solution is measured continuously.
- the extinction the deposition solution in a separate flowed through by the solution Measuring cell determined photometrically and the output of the measuring cell a Comparator are supplied.
- the resulting control variable can then in a control variable for adjusting the current to the power supply implemented become.
- This stream is primarily the content of the substances of the redox system in the electrolyte fluid. This content in turn influences the dissolution rate at the metal pieces.
- the electrolyte liquid is removed from the galvanizing plant, in which the inert Main anodes and the material to be coated are in a forced circulation promoted in the metal ion generator and from this back into the Electroplating.
- pumps are used, which transfer the liquid promote suitable piping in the forced circulation.
- a reservoir used between the galvanizing and the metal ion generator is arranged.
- This reservoir serves for example in addition, the electrolyte liquid for several parallel operated separation vessel to stockpile in a galvanizing plant. Two can do this Liquid circuits are formed, one of which between the Abscheide electem and the reservoir, and a second between the reservoir and the metal ion generator is formed.
- too Filter media are inserted into the circulation to remove contaminants from the electrolyte fluid to remove.
- the metal ion generator be placed in the separation vessel itself, as short as possible To achieve flow paths.
- the invention is preferably suitable for the regulation of the concentration of copper ion content in copper baths using dimensionally stable, inert anodes in the separation vessel in which Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ salts, preferably FeSO 4 / Fe, are used to maintain the concentration of the copper ions 2 (SO 4 ) 3 or Fe (NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 , or other salts are included.
- Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ salts preferably FeSO 4 / Fe
- the invention can also be used for regulating the metal ion concentration in baths for the electrolytic deposition of other metals, for example zinc, nickel, chromium, tin, lead and their alloys with one another and with other elements, for example with phosphorus and / or boron Case, if appropriate, to use other substances of an electrochemically reversible redox system, wherein the redox system is selected depending on the respective deposition potential.
- compounds of the elements titanium, cerium, vanadium, manganese, chromium can be used.
- Usable compounds are, for example, titanylsulfuric acid, cerium (IV) sulfate, alkali metal vanadate, manganese (II) sulfate and alkali chromate or dichromate.
- the inventive method and apparatus are particularly applicable suitable for electroplating in horizontal flow systems in which plate-shaped material to be treated, preferably printed circuit boards, in horizontal or vertical position and horizontal direction linearly and thereby moving be brought into contact with the electrolyte liquid.
- the procedure can of course, also for the galvanization of material to be treated in conventional Diving facilities are used, in which the material to be treated mostly in vertical Orientation is immersed.
- Fig. 1 an arrangement for electroplating is shown schematically, which has a separating vessel 1, a metal ion generator 2 and a reservoir 3 .
- the separation vessel 1 may be formed, for example, as a continuous system for the treatment of printed circuit boards, wherein preferably a sump is provided, is taken from the electrolyte liquid for swelling, spraying on or otherwise in contact Bring with the circuit boards and after contact with the circuit boards again flowing back.
- the individual containers are filled with the electrolyte liquid.
- electrolyte fluid For example, a sulphurous copper bath can be used, the copper sulfate, sulfuric acid and sodium chloride as well as organic and inorganic additives for controlling the physical properties of the contains deposited metal.
- the metal ion generator 2 includes an auxiliary anode 20 and metal pieces 30 .
- the metal pieces 30 (only partially shown) rest as a bed on a sieve bottom 31 , which is made of titanium.
- the sieve bottom 31 and the auxiliary anode 20 are connected via electrical supply lines 40,41 with a DC power supply 50 .
- the sieve bottom 31 is poled cathodically and for this purpose connected to the negative pole of the power supply 50 .
- the Hitfsanode 20 is poled anodically and connected to the positive pole of the power supply 50 .
- the metal pieces 30 are also cathodically polarized, so that a current flow between the metal pieces 30 and the auxiliary anode 20 is produced.
- an ion-permeable polypropylene fabric 21 is clamped to prevent convective fluid exchange between the spaces 25 and 35 .
- the separation vessel 1 is connected to the reservoir 3 in a first fluid circuit: electrolyte liquid is withdrawn in the upper region of the separation vessel 1 via the pipe 4 and transferred to the reservoir 3 .
- electrolyte liquid is withdrawn in the upper region of the separation vessel 1 via the pipe 4 and transferred to the reservoir 3 .
- the liquid can be withdrawn from the separation tank 1 via an overflow compartment.
- the liquid contained in the reservoir 3 is withdrawn in the lower region of the container via a pipe 5 with a pump 6 and passed through a filter unit 7, for example, wound filter cartridges.
- the filtered solution is returned via the pipe 8 in the separation vessel 1 .
- the reservoir 3 is further connected to the metal ion generator 2 via a second fluid circuit: liquid is discharged at the bottom of the reservoir 3 via the pipe 9 and introduced in the lower region below the sieve bottom 31 in the metal ion container 2 . The liquid is withdrawn via an overflow in the upper region of the cathode chamber 35 from the metal ion generator 2 again and returned via the pipe 10 into the reservoir 3 .
- the metal ion generator 2 consists of a tube housing 15, which consists for example of polypropylene and which has a bottom 16 , also made of polypropylene, for example.
- the tubular housing 15 has an opening 17 on the upper end side.
- a liquid inlet 18 is provided for the electrolyte liquid.
- a liquid outlet 19 is arranged in a corresponding manner.
- the cross section of the tubular housing 15 is preferably rectangular, square or round.
- anode chamber 25 and a cathode compartment 35 there are an anode chamber 25 and a cathode compartment 35.
- the anode compartment 25 and the cathode compartment 35 are separated from each other by a wall 24 and an ion-permeable fabric 21 fixed to the lower edge of the wall 24 , in this case a polypropylene fabric. This is shown in detail in Fig. 3 .
- the wall 24 forms an upper opening and is fixed to the upper end edge of the tubular housing 15 (not shown).
- the auxiliary anode 20 is housed in the anode compartment 25 .
- the metal pieces 30 are included, in this case no phosphorus-containing copper balls, for example with a diameter of about 30 mm.
- the copper balls 30 form a bed which rests on a titanium sieve 31 in the lower region of the tubular housing 15 .
- the auxiliary anode 20 is connected to the positive pole and the sieve bottom 31 to the negative pole of a DC power supply.
- the Verschraubungsstelle 38 for the anodic current supply from the DC voltage source to the auxiliary anode 20 and the cathodic Versch Hurbungsstelle 39 for the power line to the sieve bottom 31 are shown schematically in Fig. 3 . In this case, the electrical feeds for the sieve bottom 31 are led out of the top of the metal ion generator 2 isolated.
- the tube 9 leads via the liquid inlet 18 into the metal ion generator 2.
- the liquid inlet 18 is provided below the sieve 31 .
- the sieve prevents metal pieces or sludge from clogging the tube 9 .
- the metal ion generator 2 is further connected to the tube 10 at the liquid outlet 19 .
- the liquid outlet 19 is arranged in the upper region of the metal ion generator 2 .
- the liquid outlet 19 is formed as out of the pipe housing 15 leading pipe 10 having an outlet opening 11 in the upper region of the cathode space 35 .
- the electrolyte liquid can exit through the outlet opening 11 from the cathode chamber 35 into the pipe 10 . This exit opening 11 is located above the level of the auxiliary anode 20 to ensure that the auxiliary anode 20 is always within the liquid.
- electrolyte liquid containing in addition to copper ions also formed on the main anode Fe 3+ ions and optionally additionally contains Fe 2+ ions is pumped through the liquid inlet 18 into the metal ion generator 2 .
- the liquid then enters in the direction of the arrow 23 through the sieve bottom 31 into the cathode space 35 , in which the copper balls 30 are located.
- the rate of formation of the copper ions can be regulated by cathodic polarization of the copper balls 30 via the sieve bottom 31 : By increasing the cathodic potential on the copper balls 30 , the rate of formation of the Cu 2+ ions is suppressed.
- the enriched with Cu 2+ ions solution occurs in the upper region of the cathode chamber 35 through the opening 11 via the liquid outlet 19 from the metal ion generator 2 again.
- the water of the electrolyte liquid contained in the anode chamber 25 is anodically oxidized to oxygen, which exits from the upper portion of the metal ion generator 2 through the opening 17 .
- Fe 2+ ions contained in the anode space 25 are also oxidized on the auxiliary anode 20 . Since the fluid communication between the cathode chamber 35 and anode chamber 25 is greatly hindered by the separation 21,24 which deplete Fe 2+ ions in the anode compartment 25 so that their concentration in the steady-state operation is close to zero.
- FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the metal ion generator 2 according to the invention.
- the metal ion generator 2 in this case is a container with side walls 15 which form a rectangular, square or round outline of the metal ion generator 2 .
- the container also has a bottom 16 .
- the walls 15 and the bottom 16 are made of polypropylene.
- the metal ion generator 2 forms an opening 17.
- the metal ion generator 2 in turn has a cathode space 35 and an anode space 25 .
- the spaces 25 and 35 are further separated by an ion-permeable wall 21, in this case an ion exchange membrane, preferably an anion exchange membrane, which is arranged vertically.
- a perforated wall 26 is provided, which gives the membrane the necessary stability.
- a sieve bottom 31 is arranged in the lower region, which is formed by a titanium mesh. On the sieve bottom 31 rests a bed of metal pieces 30 (only partially shown), here copper balls with a diameter of about 30 mm.
- An auxiliary anode 20 is accommodated in the anode compartment. The auxiliary anode 20 is connected to the positive pole and the sieve bottom 31 to the negative pole of a DC power supply (not shown).
- the electrolyte liquid may enter the metal ion generator 2 through the lower liquid inlet 18 .
- the liquid inlet 18 is arranged below the sieve bottom 31 .
- Liquid can exit via an upper liquid outlet 19 from the metal ion generator 2 again.
- the outlet 19 is arranged in the upper region of the cathode space 35 .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1:
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Anordnung zum Galvanisieren;
- Fig. 2:
- eine Darstellung des Metallionengenerators in einer ersten Ausführungsform im Querschnitt;
- Fig. 3:
- eine Darstellung des oberen Bereiches des Metallionengenerators in einer ersten Ausführungsform im Querschnitt;
- Fig. 4:
- eine Darstellung des Metallionengenerators in einer zweiten Ausführungsform im Querschnitt.
- 1
- Abscheidebehälter
- 2
- Metallionengenerator
- 3
- Vorratsbehälter
- 4,5,8,9,10
- Rohrleitungen
- 6
- Pumpe
- 7
- Filtereinheit
- 11
- Austrittsöffnung
- 15
- Rohrgehäuse des Metallionengenerators 2
- 16
- Boden des Metallionengenerators 2
- 17
- stirnseitige obere Öffnung des Metallionengenerators 2
- 18
- Flüssigkeitseinlaß in den Metallionengenerator 2
- 19
- Flüssigkeitsauslaß aus dem Metallionengenerator 2
- 20
- Hilfsanode
- 21
- ionendurchlässiges Mittel (Gewebe)
- 22
- Flüssigkeitsniveau
- 23
- Strömungsrichtung der Elektrolytflüssigkeit
- 24
- Wand zur Trennung des Anodenraumes 25 vom Kathodenraum 35
- 25
- Anodenraum
- 26
- perforierte Trennwand
- 30
- Metallstücke, Kupferkugeln
- 31
- Siebboden, Titannetz
- 35
- Kathodenraum
- 38
- elektrischer Kontakt zur Stromzuführung zur Hilfsanode 20
- 39
- elektrischer Kontakt zur Stromzuführung zum Siebboden 31
- 40
- elektrische Zuleitung zur Hilfsanode 20
- 41
- elektrische Zuleitung zum Siebboden 31
- 50
- Stromversorgung, Gleichstromquelle
Claims (23)
- Verfahren zum Regulieren der Konzentration von Metallionen in einer zur elektrolytischen Abscheidung von Metall dienenden und zusätzlich Stoffe eines elektrochemisch reversiblen Redoxsystems in einer oxidierten und einer reduzierten Form enthaltenden Elektrolytflüssigkeit, bei dem zumindest ein Teil der Elektrolytflüssigkeit durch mindestens eine jeweils mindestens eine unlösliche Hilfsanode und mindestens eine Hilfskathode aufweisende Hilfszelle geleitet wird, zwischen denen ein Stromfluß durch Anlegen einer Spannung erzeugt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als mindestens eine Hilfskathode Stücke des abzuscheidenden Metalls (30) eingesetzt werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Anodenräume (25), die die Hilfsanoden (20) umgeben, und Kathodenräume (35), die die Metallstücke (30) umgeben, durch zumindest partiell ionendurchlässige Mittel (21) voneinander getrennt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit Edelmetallen und/oder Mischoxiden aktivierte inerte Metallelektroden als unlösliche Hilfsanoden (20) eingesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallstücke (30) in Form von Kugeln eingesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis der Oberfläche der Metallstücke (30) zur Oberfläche der mindestens einen Hilfsanode (20) auf einen Wert von mindestens 4 : 1 eingestellt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hilfszelle (2) als rohrförmiger Metallionengenerator ausgebildet wird und daß die mindestens eine Hilfsanode (20) oberhalb der Metallstücke (30) angeordnet ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hilfszelle (2) als Metallionengenerator ausgebildet wird und durch senkrechte Teilung in einen Anodenraum (25) und einen Kathodenraum (35) aufgeteilt wird, wobei in dem Kathodenraum (35) die Metallstücke (30) und in dem Anodenraum (25) die mindestens eine Hilfsanode (20) angeordnet sind.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den Metallstücken (30) über eine siebförmig ausgebildete Elektrode (31) Strom zugeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zumindest partiell ionendurchlässige Mittel (21) als flüssigkeitsdurchlässiges Gewebe ausgebildet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als ionendurchlässiges Mittel (21) eine ionenaustauschermembran eingesetzt wird.
- Vorrichtung zur elektrolytischen Abscheidung von Metall mit einer Metallionen und zusätzlich Stoffe eines elektrochemisch reversiblen Redoxsystems in einer oxidierten und einer reduzierten Form enthaltenden Elektrolytflüssigkeit, umfassenddadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hauptanode unlöslich ist.I. eine Galvanisieranlage mit mindestens einer Hauptanode undII. mindestens eine mit der Galvanisieranlage in Flüssigkeitsverbindung stehende Hilfszelle, umfassend jeweilsa. mindestens eine unlösliche Hilfsanode,b. mindestens eine aus Stücken des abzuscheidenden Metalls (30) bestehende Hilfskathode sowiec. mindestens eine Stromversorgung zur Erzeugung eines Stromflusses zwischen der mindestens einen Hilfsanode und der mindestens einen Hilfskathode,
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest partiell ionendurchlässige Mittel (21) vorgesehen sind, die Anodenräume (25), die die Hilfsanoden (20) umgeben, und Kathodenräume (35), in die die Metallstücke (30) einfüllbar sind, voneinander trennen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 und 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die unlöslichen Hilfsanoden (20) mit Edelmetallen und/oder Mischoxiden aktivierte inerte Metallelektroden sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallstücke (30) Metallkugeln sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis der Oberfläche der Metallstücke (30) zur Oberfläche der mindestens einen Hilfsanode (20) mindestens 4 : 1 beträgt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung (2) als rohrförmiger Metallionengenerator ausgebildet und daß die mindestens eine Hilfsanode (20) oberhalb eines von den Metallstücken (30) einnehmbaren Raumes angeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vorrichtung (2) durch senkrechte Teilung in den Anodenraum (25) und den Kathodenraum (35) aufgeteilt ist, wobei die Metallstücke (30) in den Kathodenraum (35) einfüllbar sind und in dem Anodenraum (25) die mindestens eine Hilfsanode (20) angeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine siebförmig ausgebildete Elektrode (31) im Kathodenraum (25) derart angeordnet ist, daß den Metallstücken (30) über diese Elektrode (31) Strom zuführbar ist
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die siebförmig ausgebildete Elektrode (31) im unteren Teil des Kathodenraums (35) so angeordnet ist, daß die Metallstücke (30) auf ihr aufliegen können.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zumindest partiell ionendurchlässige Mittel (21) als flüssigkeitsdurchlässiges Gewebe ausgebildet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zumindest partiell ionendurchlässige Mittel (21) eine lonenaustauschermembran ist.
- Anwendung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 zum Regulieren der Konzentration von Kupferionen in einer zur elektrolytischen Abscheidung von Kupfer dienenden und zusätzlich Fe(II)- und Fe(III)-Verbindungen enthaltenden Kupferabscheidelösung.
- Verwendung der Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 21 zum Regulieren der Konzentration von Kupferionen in einer zur elektrolytischen Abscheidung von Kupfer dienenden und zusätzlich Fe(II)- und Fe(III)-Verbindungen enthaltenden Kupferabscheidelösung.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10013339 | 2000-03-17 | ||
| DE10013339A DE10013339C1 (de) | 2000-03-17 | 2000-03-17 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regulieren der Konzentration von Metallionen in einer Elektrolytflüssigkeit sowie Anwendung des Verfahrens und Verwendung der Vorrichtung |
| PCT/DE2001/000748 WO2001068953A1 (de) | 2000-03-17 | 2001-02-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum regulieren der konzentration von metallionen in einer elektrolytflüssigkeit sowie anwendung des verfahrens und verwendung der vorrichtung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1264010A1 EP1264010A1 (de) | 2002-12-11 |
| EP1264010B1 true EP1264010B1 (de) | 2005-06-01 |
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| EP (1) | EP1264010B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP4484414B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR100740817B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1263900C (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE296910T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU4227801A (de) |
| BR (1) | BR0109167B1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2391038A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10013339C1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK1264010T3 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2242737T3 (de) |
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| MX (1) | MXPA02008974A (de) |
| MY (1) | MY127759A (de) |
| TW (1) | TW557332B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001068953A1 (de) |
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| CA1062651A (en) * | 1976-05-11 | 1979-09-18 | Noranda Mines Limited | Process and apparatus for electrowinning metal from metal bearing solutions |
| DD215589B5 (de) * | 1983-05-11 | 1994-06-01 | Heinz Dr Rer Nat Liebscher | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Metallabscheidung bei erzwungener Konvektion |
| DD261613A1 (de) * | 1987-06-05 | 1988-11-02 | Leipzig Galvanotechnik | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen kupferabscheidung aus sauren elektrolyten mit dimensionsstabiler anode |
| GB8921439D0 (en) * | 1989-09-22 | 1989-11-08 | Electricity Council | Improvements in or relating to the electrodeposition of zinc or zinc alloy coatings |
| JPH04191394A (ja) * | 1990-11-26 | 1992-07-09 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 銅被覆鋼線の製造方法 |
| DE4344387C2 (de) * | 1993-12-24 | 1996-09-05 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Abscheidung von Kupfer und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| DE19736350C1 (de) * | 1997-08-21 | 1999-08-05 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Konzentrationsregulierung von Stoffen in Elektrolyten und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
-
2000
- 2000-03-17 DE DE10013339A patent/DE10013339C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-02-23 ES ES01915052T patent/ES2242737T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-23 JP JP2001567828A patent/JP4484414B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-23 HK HK03100184.3A patent/HK1048145B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-02-23 BR BRPI0109167-0A patent/BR0109167B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-02-23 AT AT01915052T patent/ATE296910T1/de active
- 2001-02-23 MX MXPA02008974A patent/MXPA02008974A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-02-23 CA CA002391038A patent/CA2391038A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-23 EP EP01915052A patent/EP1264010B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-23 CN CNB01806700XA patent/CN1263900C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-23 WO PCT/DE2001/000748 patent/WO2001068953A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-02-23 DK DK01915052T patent/DK1264010T3/da active
- 2001-02-23 DE DE50106389T patent/DE50106389D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-23 AU AU42278/01A patent/AU4227801A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-23 US US10/169,797 patent/US6899803B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-23 KR KR1020027008693A patent/KR100740817B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-26 TW TW090104321A patent/TW557332B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-13 MY MYPI20011136A patent/MY127759A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU4227801A (en) | 2001-09-24 |
| DE50106389D1 (de) | 2005-07-07 |
| JP4484414B2 (ja) | 2010-06-16 |
| BR0109167A (pt) | 2002-11-26 |
| KR100740817B1 (ko) | 2007-07-19 |
| CN1263900C (zh) | 2006-07-12 |
| ES2242737T3 (es) | 2005-11-16 |
| US20030000842A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
| TW557332B (en) | 2003-10-11 |
| KR20020084086A (ko) | 2002-11-04 |
| CA2391038A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
| JP2003527490A (ja) | 2003-09-16 |
| EP1264010A1 (de) | 2002-12-11 |
| US6899803B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 |
| CN1418265A (zh) | 2003-05-14 |
| BR0109167B1 (pt) | 2011-06-14 |
| DE10013339C1 (de) | 2001-06-13 |
| DK1264010T3 (da) | 2005-08-29 |
| MXPA02008974A (es) | 2003-04-25 |
| ATE296910T1 (de) | 2005-06-15 |
| HK1048145B (zh) | 2005-07-29 |
| WO2001068953A1 (de) | 2001-09-20 |
| MY127759A (en) | 2006-12-29 |
| HK1048145A1 (en) | 2003-03-21 |
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